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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Mineralium deposita 20 (1985), S. 1-7 
    ISSN: 1432-1866
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract Lead isotope determinations were made on galenas from three strata-bound sulfide ores in the early Proterozoic (Svecokarelian) Bergslagen district of central Sweden and four epigenetic deposits in the Älvdalen and Vansbro districts in the early to middle Proterozoic post-Svecokarelian belt. The leads from the strata-bound Bergslagen deposits show exceptional isotopic homogeneity over large areas. Their isotopic composition suggests the existence of a pre-Svecokarelian crust in the district and is consistent with exhalative-sedimentary ore formation in an active continental margin environment. The Vansbro and Älvdalen leads display constant compositions within each district, but marked divergence between the districts. Their compositions preclude derivation exclusively from recycled Svecokarelian lead and suggest a substantial lead contribution from a mantle-like source. The difference between model ages and geologic ages for many of the deposits, with a small but significant excess of radiogenic lead, suggests a significant deviation of the Fennoscandian Shield from conventional global lead evolution models.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Mineralium deposita 7 (1972), S. 180-188 
    ISSN: 1432-1866
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Synthetische Versuche mit Kupfersalzen und wässrigen Sulfidlösungen bei Zimmertemperatur und atmosphärischem Druck ergaben die Bildung von normalem und blaubleibendem Covellin. Blaubleibender Covellin wird bei höheren pH- und niedereren Eh-Werten gebildet als normaler Covellin. Die pH/Eh-Werte für normalen Covellin fallen in das theoretische Stabilitätsfeld von CuS. Die Bildung von blaubleibendem Covellin erfolgte bei pH/Eh-Werten außerhalb dieses Feldes. Systematische Veränderungen der pH- und Eh-Werte während der Syntheseversuche ließen erkennen, daß die Bildung von normalem Covellin nach folgender einfacher Reaktion verläuft: Cu2++HS−=CuS+H+; die Bildung von blaubleibendem Covellin dagegen erfolgt unter teilweiser Reduktion eines vorher gefällten Niederschlags von normalem Covellin. Im Gegensatz zum blaubleibenden Covellin zeigt der normale Covellin eine geradlinige Beziehung zwischen Zellvolumen und Formations-pH-Wert. Blaubleibender Covellin kann aus wässrigen Lösungen bei niederen Temperaturen und niederem Druck gebildet werden. Die Untersuchungsergebnisse zeigen, daß er eine metastabile Zwischenform zu normalem Covellin und stärker reduzierten stabilen Kupfersulfiden bildet. Die Kupfersulfide, die sich während eines Sedimentationsprozesses in einer normalen marinen Facies bilden, werden anfänglich aus normalem Covellin bestehen oder vorübergehend aus blaubleibendem Covellin, mit einer möglichen Reduktion während der Diagenese.
    Notes: Abstract Experimentation with cupric salts and aqueous sulphide solutions at room temperature and pressure resulted in the formation of normal and blaubleibender covellite. Blaubleibender covellite is formed at higher pH and lower Eh values than normal covellite. The experimental pH/Eh values for normal covellite formation fall within the theoretical CuS stability field. Blaubleibender was produced at pH/Eh values outside this area. Variations in pH and Eh during the course of the experimental runs showed that normal covellite formed by the simple reaction: Cu2++HS−=CuS+H+; blaubleibender covellite formation on the other hand involves solid state reduction of an initial normal covellite precipitate. Cell volume and formation pH show a straight line relationship in normal covellite which is not observed with blaubleibender. Blaubleibender covellite can be formed from aqueous solution at low temperatures and pressures. The experimental results indicate that it is a metastable intermediary in the reduction of normal covellite to more reduced, stable, copper sulphides. The copper sulphide formed from sedimentary processes in a normal marine environment should initially be normal covellite, or transitory blaubleibender covellite which may be reduced during diagenesis.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Mineralium deposita 19 (1984), S. 145-151 
    ISSN: 1432-1866
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract The ore lead isotope ratios from the Näsliden deposit are mantle-like in terms of the idealized plumbotectonics model. They suggest that the Näsliden deposit was formed in the Proterozoic equivalent of a Phanerozoic primitive island arc. The mantle-like nature of the lead and its homogeneity indicate that crustal lead does not constitute the major component of the ore lead. Crustal lead contamination is suggested to be the cause of divergences in ore lead isotopic compositions associated with later veins in the deposit.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Mineralium deposita 34 (1999), S. 417-421 
    ISSN: 1432-1866
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract Phanerozoic metallogenesis in Europe displays divergent characteristics which may be related to the variable nature of the three great European Phanerozoic orogens: Caledonian, Variscan and Alpine. These reflect different geodynamic processes. The Caledonian orogen resulted from the interaction of essentially oceanic with continental lithosphere, whilst the Variscan and Alpine orogens evolved mainly from continent-continent collisions with the involvement of a series of smaller oceanic basins. Each major stage of the orogenic processes is characterised by a typical metallogeny. The occurrence of subduction-related processes in the Caledonian orogeny gave rise to extensive VHMS deposition with characteristic Zn:Cu ratio signatures. The relative lack of abundance of metal-rich, Andean-type porphyry-type mineralisation remains unexplained, unless present erosional levels have prevented the preservation of such deposits. Continent-continent collisions do not appear to result in extensive mineralisation unless elevated heat flows result, possibly as a result of lithospheric delamination at the peak collisional stage. The development of late stage and peri-orogenic sedimentary basins are characterised by extensive Pb-Zn-Ba-F mineralisation as expressions of basinal fluid flow of regional dimensions.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 218 (1968), S. 356-357 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The siderite used was commercial fine-chemical grade ferrous carbonate. X-ray powder diffraction analysis showed that this material was identical to pure natural siderite. No contaminants were detected. Ferrous carbonate (1 g) was placed in a screw-topped sample bottle. An approximately molar ...
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Mineralogy and petrology 19 (1973), S. 60-76 
    ISSN: 1438-1168
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Covellin, blaubleibender Covellin, Djurleit und Chalkosin wurden durch Reaktion zwischen Cu2O und wäßrigen Na2S-Lösungen bei niedrigen Temperaturen synthetisiert. Digenit entstand, wenn die getrockneten Produkte aus wäßrigen Lösungen 50 Tage bei 105°C getempert wurden, aber nicht direkt aus wäßriger Lösung. Anilit bildete sich aus Chalkosin bei Zimmertemperatur durch Oxidation an der Luft. Die pH- und Eh-Bedingungen für die Bildung dieser Phasen wurden untersucht und es wurde gezeigt, daß die Syntheseergebnisse im wesentlichen den theoretischen Stabilitätsfeldern dieser Verbindungen entsprechen, indem sich die stärker reduzierten Kupfersulfide unter höherem pH und kleinerem Eh bilden. Untersuchungen über die Änderung dieser Parameter im Verlauf der Experimente wurden zur Umreißung der Reaktionsmechanismen benützt. Es wurde gezeigt, daß die Art des Kupfersulfides, welches sich um neutrale pH-Werte bildet, fast nicht vom Oxidationszustand des reagierenden Kupfers, aber stark von der Anwesenheit und der Konzentration von elementarem Schwefel abhängt. Die Chemie der Bildung von Kupfersulfiden in wäßrigen Lösungen niedriger Temperatur wird ausführlich diskutiert.
    Notes: Summary Covellite, blaubleibender covellite, djurleite and chalcocite have been synthesized by the reaction between Cu2O with aqueous Na2S solutions at low temperatures. Digenite was produced by heating the dried products of the aqueous experimentation at 105°C for 50 days, but not directly from aqueous solution. Anilite was formed through air oxidation of chalcocite at room temperature. The pH and Eh conditions of formation of these phases have been studied and it has been shown that the synthetic results broadly reflect the theoretical stability fields for these compounds, inasmuch as more reduced copper sulphides are formed under higher pH and lower Eh conditions. Studies of the changes in these parameters during the course of the experiments have been used to outline the mechanisms involved in the reactions. It has been demonstrated that the form of the copper sulphide produced around neutral pH values is almost independent of the oxidation state of the copper reactant, but highly sensitive to the presence and concentration of elemental sulphur. A detailed discussion of the formation chemistry of copper sulphides in low temperature aqueous solutions is presented.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    GeoJournal 5 (1981), S. 594-596 
    ISSN: 1572-9893
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geography
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    GeoJournal 3 (1979), S. 235-252 
    ISSN: 1572-9893
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geography
    Notes: Abstract The Baltic shield broadly evolved by successive accretions of younger rocks in a SW direction. The Archaean (〉2.5 Ga) basement is situated in the NE of the area and is mantled to the SW by a broad belt of early Proterozoic supracrustals of the Svecokarelian orogen. Over 80% of mined sulfide ores and known reserves in Finland occur on the NE side of a major NW-SE suture, that limits the Archaean basement complex in the SW. These ores, which include the Kotalahti Ni-Cu zone, the Vihanti Zn-Cu-Pb zone and the Outokumpu Cu-Co zone, are emplaced in early Proterozoic epicontinental rocks and obducted ophiolitic slices. The early Proterozoic marine complexes on the SW side of the Archaean continent include the ore districts of the Skellefte field and the Central Province of Sweden and Finland. These ores include complex massive and bedded Pb-Zn-Cu ores, often with pyrite, in island arc settings. The Bergslagen district of the Central Province also includes a large number of small, exhalative-sedimentary iron and manganese ores. Mid-Proterozoic evolution in Scandinavia mostly occurred through vertical movements and the emplacement of late- and an-orogenic granite suites with associated porphyry effusives and continental sandstones. The Kiruna-type iron ores, which accounted for six % of global iron ore production in 1969, probably originated in association with these events. Phanerozoic evolution in Scandinavia was dominated by the formation of the Caledonide orogen. The complex Pb-Cu-Zn ores of the Caledonide Province were formed mainly in an island arc setting during the Ordovician. These units were obducted onto the continental margin, where they suffered complex folding, metamorphism, intrusion and further nappe development during mid-Silurian or early-Devonian times. Intraformational brines, generated in the thick back-arc sedimentary pile during the Ordovician and Silurian, were mobilized in advance of the eastward translation of the Caledonide nappes. Lead and zinc, leached from sediments, were deposited as sulfide ores in sulfidic sandstone aquifers along the E margin of the Caledonide orogen.
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1572-9893
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geography
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2006-02-01
    Print ISSN: 1359-6462
    Electronic ISSN: 1872-8456
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Published by Elsevier
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