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  • 1
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    Marine Tephrochronology (2014)
    London : The Geological Society
    Details
    Description / Table of Contents: This Special Publication includes articles presenting recent advances in marine tephrochronological studies and outlines innovative techniques in geochemical fingerprinting, stratigraphy and the understanding of depositional processes. It represents a significant resource for the palaeoceanographic community at a time when marine tephrochronology is being more widely recognized. It will also serve as a valuable reference to a much wider community of Earth scientists, climate scientists and archaeologists, particularly in highlighting the role of tephra studies in stratigraphy and regional/extra-regional correlations, as well as in tracing the long-term history of regional and global volcanism in the deep-sea archive.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VI, 213 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9781862396418
    URL: http://sp.lyellcollection.org/content/398/1
    Language: English
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  • 2
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    Isotopic variability in the intertidal acorn barnacle Semibalanus balanoides: a potentially novel sea-level proxy indicator (2008)
    In:  Geological Society Special Publication 303: 173-185.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-09-08
    Description: We report variations in the {delta}13C and {delta}18O values of barnacle skeletal carbonate as well as the {delta}13C and {delta}15N value of tissue from specimens of the acorn barnacle S. balanoides, as a function of elevation within its living range on the Isle of May, Scotland. Individuals were sampled over a 3.50 m range at 0.25 m intervals (1.00-4.50 m above ordnance datum). Carbonate {delta}18O values (2.44{+/-}0.13{per thousand} [1{sigma}], n=45) and tissue {delta}15N values (8.17{+/-}0.42{per thousand}, n=15) do not vary systematically with elevation. The {delta}13C value of shell carbonate increases with elevation by c. 1{per thousand} (total range: -0.77{per thousand} to +0.63{per thousand}), but the variability between samples at the same elevation suggests that this relationship will be of limited use in constraining palaeo-elevation. By contrast, tissue {delta}13C values show systematic variation with elevation, increasing by c. 8{per thousand} (total range: -19.36{per thousand} to -8.77{per thousand}) with increasing elevation. These results suggest that there is potential to use the tissue {delta}13C values to determine the elevation of a Fixed Biological Indicator (FBI) such as S. balanoides within its living range. If this is also true of the organic matrix of the carbonate skeleton, and if this organic matrix is preserved in Holocene FBIs, then the potential exists to use carbon isotopes to more precisely constrain the palaeo-elevation of FBIs within their living range and hence palaeo sea-level. The small range of carbonate {delta}18O values suggests that oxygen isotopes in FBIs can be used to constrain water {delta}18O values if an independent estimate of temperature is available, or temperature if an independent estimate of salinity is available.
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  • 3
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    Iceberg-rafted tephra as a potential tool for the reconstruction of ice-sheet processes and ocean surface circulation in the glacial North Atlantic (2014)
    Geological Society (of London)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-02-08
    Description: Ice-rafted tephra deposits, of Marine Isotope Stage 6 (MIS 6) age, from Site U 1304 on the Gardar Drift, North Atlantic were examined for their shard size distribution and major element composition. The heterogeneous composition, large shard sizes and association with ice-rafted debris (IRD) indicate that these late MIS 6 deposits were transported by iceberg-rafting from Iceland to Site U 1304. Comparison of individual shard geochemistry with the geochemistry of Holocene volcanic systems from Iceland allows the identification of different potential volcanic source regions. This detailed geochemical analysis, when combined with Icelandic Ice Sheet (IIS) flow models for the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), suggests that the IIS had calving margins to both the north and south during the late MIS 6 and that icebergs could have been transported to the Site U 1304 by following surface ocean circulation patterns similar to those that prevailed during the LGM. We demonstrate that the descriptive concept of Icelandic glass in the characterization of tephra components within North Atlantic IRD can be significantly improved through quantitative characterization and that such data hold the potential to help constrain surface ocean circulation models, while also potentially yielding new information about the IIS during earlier glacial periods. Supplementary material: Statistical tests, major element concentrations of analysed shards, primary and secondary standards are available at http://www.geolsoc.org.uk/SUP18716
    Print ISSN: 0305-8719
    Electronic ISSN: 2041-4927
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Geological Society (of London)
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  • 4
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    Marine tephrochronology: an introduction to tracing time in the ocean (2014)
    Geological Society (of London)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-07-17
    Description: Extract This volume represents a selection of papers presented at the Geological Society of London meeting ‘Marine Tephrochronology’, held at Burlington House, London, UK on 26 October 2011. The meeting itself was sponsored by the Geological Society of London's Marine Studies Group, with additional co-sponsorship from the Quaternary Research Association. The aim of this meeting was to bring together a wide range of speakers who would contribute evidence and data to illustrate the diverse range of tephrochronology applications, helping to spotlight recent advances in the field of marine tephrochronology. In particular, the motivation for the conference organizers resulted from their involvement in the SMART project (Synchronising Marine And ice-core Records using Tephrochronology) – one of the first systematic initiatives to investigate the cryptotephra record preserved within North Atlantic marine sequences (Abbott et al. 2011, 2013, 2014; Davies et al. in press). ... This 250-word extract was created in the absence of an abstract.
    Print ISSN: 0305-8719
    Electronic ISSN: 2041-4927
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Geological Society (of London)
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  • 5
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    Quantifying bioturbation of a simulated ash fall event (2014)
    Geological Society (of London)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-02-07
    Description: Tephrochronology allows the establishment of ‘isochrons’ between marine, lacustrine, terrestrial and ice cores, typically based on the geochemical fingerprint of the tephra. The development of cryptotephrochronology has revealed a vast inventory of isochrons which hold the potential to improve stratigraphic correlation and identify systemic leads and lags in periods of rapid climate change. Unfortunately, bioturbation acts to blur these isochrons, reducing the temporal resolution in marine and lacustrine records. In order to better resolve these event horizons, we require a better understanding of bioturbative processes, and the depth and time over which they operate. To this end, an ash fall event was simulated on the intertidal zone of the Eden Estuary, Fife, Scotland and sediment cores were collected over 10 days. A novel approach to tephra quantification was developed, using the imaging software ImageJ. Our results showed limited bioturbation (mixed depth=18 mm), most likely owing to the fine grain size, low-energy environment and the resulting faunal composition of the sediments. These results imply a strong ecological control on bioturbation, and suggest that inferences may be made about palaeoenvironments from the observed bioturbation profiles. Supplementary material: The ImageJ macro used in this study, as well as raw tephra concentration data and details of the method validation are available at http://www.geolsoc.org.uk/SUP18725 .
    Print ISSN: 0305-8719
    Electronic ISSN: 2041-4927
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Geological Society (of London)
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  • 6
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    Identification of a MIS 6 age (c. 180 ka) Icelandic tephra within NE Atlantic sediments: a new potential chronostratigraphic marker (2014)
    Geological Society (of London)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-08-31
    Description: The incidence of volcanic ash (tephra) within marine sediments serves as a useful stratigraphic marker and tool for correlation. In addition, where an independent age estimate exists, tephra layers can provide a means of dating the sediments themselves. Here we present a geochemically characterized, size sorted tephra layer within Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 6, most likely resulting from primary air-fall from an Icelandic volcanic source. This tephra layer is tentatively correlated to the Kerlingarfjöll volcanic system using major element geochemistry. The ash layer has an interpolated age of 181 ± 6 ka based on the age model for MD04-2822. We briefly review the occurrence of silicic tephra in the North Atlantic region from MIS 7 to MIS 5e inclusive and find potential correlatives to the MD04-2822 MIS 6 ash layer in the Norway Basin and Irminger Sea.
    Print ISSN: 0305-8719
    Electronic ISSN: 2041-4927
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Geological Society (of London)
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  • 7
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    Marine tephrochronology: an introduction to tracing time in the ocean (2014)
    Geological Society (of London)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-08-31
    Description: Extract This volume represents a selection of papers presented at the Geological Society of London meeting ‘Marine Tephrochronology’, held at Burlington House, London, UK on 26 October 2011. The meeting itself was sponsored by the Geological Society of London's Marine Studies Group, with additional co-sponsorship from the Quaternary Research Association. The aim of this meeting was to bring together a wide range of speakers who would contribute evidence and data to illustrate the diverse range of tephrochronology applications, helping to spotlight recent advances in the field of marine tephrochronology. In particular, the motivation for the conference organizers resulted from their involvement in the SMART project (Synchronising Marine And ice-core Records using Tephrochronology) – one of the first systematic initiatives to investigate the cryptotephra record preserved within North Atlantic marine sequences (Abbott et al. 2011, 2013, 2014; Davies et al. in press). ... This 250-word extract was created in the absence of an abstract.
    Print ISSN: 0305-8719
    Electronic ISSN: 2041-4927
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Geological Society (of London)
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  • 8
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    Provenance of North Atlantic ice-rafted debris during the last deglaciation--A new application of U-Pb rutile and zircon geochronology (2013)
    Geological Society of America (GSA)
    In: Geology
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-01-30
    Description: Understanding the provenance of ice-rafted debris (IRD) provides a means to link the behavior of individual ice sheets to proxy records of climate change. Here we present a new approach to determining IRD provenance using U-Pb geochronology of detrital minerals rutile and zircon. We characterize potential source regions from Scotland using detrital rutile from modern fluvial systems, and demonstrate that their unimodal rutile U-Pb ages reflect the timing of the last amphibolite facies metamorphism of the source rocks, imparting a distinctive source signature. Contrasts between these spectra and the bimodal IRD (ca. 470 Ma and ca. 1800–2000 Ma) rutile age signatures rule out Scotland as the sole source and suggest a Laurentian contribution; IRD zircon ages further support this view. U-Pb mineral dating has the potential to provide new insight on IRD provenance, because it allows linkage between IRD and individual source terranes based on their differing magmatic and tectonothermal histories. The occurrence of Laurentian-sourced IRD proximal to Scotland demonstrates widespread and rapid dispersal of debris across the subpolar North Atlantic during the Older Dryas cold oscillation, and implicates the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation as a control. This highlights the sensitivity of some IRD records to rapid climate change during the last deglaciation and supports the interpretation of Heinrich events as time-parallel marker horizons.
    Print ISSN: 0091-7613
    Electronic ISSN: 1943-2682
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Geological Society of America (GSA)
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  • 9
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    Identification of a MIS 6 age (c. 180 ka) Icelandic tephra within NE Atlantic sediments: a new potential chronostratigraphic marker (2014)
    Geological Society (of London)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-02-22
    Description: The incidence of volcanic ash (tephra) within marine sediments serves as a useful stratigraphic marker and tool for correlation. In addition, where an independent age estimate exists, tephra layers can provide a means of dating the sediments themselves. Here we present a geochemically characterized, size sorted tephra layer within Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 6, most likely resulting from primary air-fall from an Icelandic volcanic source. This tephra layer is tentatively correlated to the Kerlingarfjöll volcanic system using major element geochemistry. The ash layer has an interpolated age of 181 ± 6 ka based on the age model for MD04-2822. We briefly review the occurrence of silicic tephra in the North Atlantic region from MIS 7 to MIS 5e inclusive and find potential correlatives to the MD04-2822 MIS 6 ash layer in the Norway Basin and Irminger Sea.
    Print ISSN: 0305-8719
    Electronic ISSN: 2041-4927
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Geological Society (of London)
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  • 10
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    Late Quaternary Paleoceanography of the North Atlantic Margins (1997)
    Taylor & Francis
    Details
    Publication Date: 1997-11-01
    Print ISSN: 0004-0851
    Topics: Geography , Geosciences
    Published by Taylor & Francis
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