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  • 1
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    Biomineralization control related to population density under ocean acidification (2014)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-15
    Keywords: Acetabularia acetabulum; Alkalinity, total; Alkalinity, total, standard deviation; Animalia; Aragonite saturation state; Aragonite saturation state, standard deviation; Balanophyllia europaea; Benthic animals; Benthos; Bicarbonate ion; Bicarbonate ion, standard deviation; Biomass/Abundance/Elemental composition; Calcite saturation state; Calcite saturation state, standard deviation; Calculated using CO2SYS; Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010); Carbon, inorganic, dissolved; Carbon, inorganic, dissolved, standard deviation; Carbonate ion; Carbonate ion, standard deviation; Carbonate system computation flag; Carbon dioxide; Chlorophyta; Chromista; Cnidaria; CO2 vent; Coast and continental shelf; Coverage; Elasticity; Elasticity, standard deviation; Field observation; Fugacity of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air); Hardness; Hardness, standard deviation; Lobophora variegata; Macroalgae; Mediterranean Sea; Minerals; Minerals, standard deviation; Mollusca; OA-ICC; Ocean Acidification International Coordination Centre; Ochrophyta; Other studied parameter or process; Padina pavonica; Partial pressure of carbon dioxide, standard deviation; Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air); pH; pH, standard deviation; Plantae; Position; Potentiometric; Potentiometric titration; Salinity; Salinity, standard deviation; Single species; Site; Species; Temperate; Temperature, water; Temperature, water, standard deviation; Texture; Vermetus triqueter
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 15968 data points
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Light hydrocarbons in hydrothermal and magmatic fumaroles: hints of catalytic and thermal reactions (1995)
    Springer
    Bulletin of volcanology 56 (1995), S. 593-600 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0819
    Keywords: Volcanic gases ; Hydrocarbons ; Hydrothermal fluids ; Cracking ; Reforming
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract Volcanic gaseous mixtures emitted from active volcanoes frequently show variable amounts of saturated (alkanes), unsaturated (alkenes) and aromatic volatile hydrocarbons. Three major patterns of distributions can be recognized, apparently related to the chemical-physical environment of formation of the gas exhalations: alkane-rich, low-temperature gas emissions from recently active volcanic areas; aromatic-rich hydrothermal manifestations; and alkene-rich, ‘magmatic’ fumaroles on active volcanoes. Thermodynamic data, together with theoretical and practical findings from the petroleum industry, point to two main types of reactions occurring in these volcanic environments: cracking and reforming. Cracking processes, mainly caused by thermal effects, occur when hydrocarbon-bearing hydrothermal fluids enter and mix with a hot and dry, rapidly rising magmatic gas phase. The most probable products are light alkenes with carbon numbers decreasing with increasing reaction temperatures. The presence of aromatic species in hydrothermal fluids can be linked to reforming processes, catalysed by several possible agents, such as smectites and zeolites, generally present in the hydrothermally altered volcanic terranes, and facilitated by long residence times in a hydrothermal envelope.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00301464
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Plinian fall deposits from Vulsini Volcanic District (Central Italy) (1994)
    Springer
    Bulletin of volcanology 56 (1994), S. 502-515 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0819
    Keywords: Vulsini volcanoes ; stratigraphy ; plinian fall deposits ; eruptive column dynamics ; clast dispersal ; tephra volumes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract Stratigraphic investigations of the Vulsini Volcanic District indicate the existence of five prominent plinian fall deposits, deposited over a period of about 0.34 Ma. The oldest deposit (‘Basal pumices’) crops out mainly in the peripheral areas and is one of the largest plinian events in the Vulsini District, with a volume of about 9 km3 and a calculated column height exceeding 30 km. Subcircular patterns of isopachs and isopleths around the Bolsena lake indicate emplacement in wind-free conditions and suggest a source vent location in the northernmost sector of the present Bolsena lake, where it is possible that an older central volcanic structure existed. The four younger plinian fall deposits are related to Bolsena activity. The oldest of these, named the ‘Ponticello’ and ‘Orvieto-Bagnoregio’ pumices, are mainly distributed on the north-eastern sector of the Vulsini District. Their volumes are an order of magnitude lower than that of the basal unit, and the estimated column heights do not exceed 20 km. The younger ‘Ospedaletto’ pumice deposit has a NE-SW dispersal axis, whereas the youngest ‘Casetta’ pumice deposit is found only in the north-eastern sector of the district. Their estimated volumes are respectively 1.2 and 0.1 km3, whereas the inferred vent areas appear to be located slightly to the east of the Ponticello and Orvieto-Bagnoregio pumice deposit source areas. The chronology of the Ospedaletto and Casetta pumices indicates that the final plinian activity from the Bolsena complex is contemporaneous with the Latera activity. The decreasing volumes from the oldest to the youngest units, together with the progressive shifting northeastwards of the source vents, may be related to the volcano-tectonic subsidence of the Bolsena area. The source vents for the post-Basal pumices events are mainly clustered just north of Bolsena village where the greatest displacement during subsidence occurred. Accordingly, source vent shifting appears to be related to the progressive opening of normal faults from the inner to the outer margin of the Bolsena depression.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00302831
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Varicolored and vesiculated tuffs from La Fossa volcano, Vulcano Island (Aeolian Archipelago, Italy): evidence of syndepositional alteration processes (1995)
    Springer
    Bulletin of volcanology 57 (1995), S. 61-70 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0819
    Keywords: La Fossa volcano ; Explosive volcanism ; Phreatomagmatic activity ; Surge deposits ; Alterations ; Clay minerals
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract Chemical and mineralogical data for samples collected from a surge sequence from La Fossa cone (Vulcano Island, Italy) show a wide variety of alteration states between adjoining beds, the macroscopic features of which are expressed by various degrees of reddening. The effects of the alteration processes on pyroclastic rocks are as follows: hydration and oxidation of each component of the pyroclastic rocks to varying degrees; formation of authigenic smectite; precipitation of a large variety of soluble salts; and corrosion on the surface of glass fragments (pitting). Dry surge beds, emplaced from a two-phase, dry steam + solid, suspension do not show significant alteration. By contrast, wet surge deposits, suggesting an emplacement from free water-bearing turbulent flows, show an increasing degree of alteration, passing from grey to red coloured beds. The strict relationship between the present alteration state and the depositional unit rules out any post-depositional processes. The occurrence of alteration in wet surge beds and the lack of alteration in dry beds shows that the main controlling agent was water condensed from the eruptive cloud and suggests a syn-depositional character to the alteration itself. These observed differences can be ascribed to the different chemical reactivities of the water, probably related to the amounts of acidic species carried by the eruptive cloud and/or by the efficiency of their capture during the condensation of the water vapour.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00298708
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Varicolored and vesiculated tuffs from La Fossa volcano, Vulcano Island (Aeolian Archipelago, Italy): evidence of syndepositional alteration processes (1995)
    Springer
    Bulletin of volcanology 57 (1995), S. 61-70 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0819
    Keywords: Key words La Fossa volcano ; Explosive volcanism ; Phreatomagmatic activity ; Surge deposits ; Alterations ; Clay minerals
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract  Chemical and mineralogical data for samples collected from a surge sequence from La Fossa cone (Vulcano Island, Italy) show a wide variety of alteration states between adjoining beds, the macroscopic features of which are expressed by various degrees of reddening. The effects of the alteration processes on pyroclastic rocks are as follows: hydration and oxidation of each component of the pyroclastic rocks to varying degrees; formation of authigenic smectite; precipitation of a large variety of soluble salts; and corrosion on the surface of glass fragments (pitting). Dry surge beds, emplaced from a two-phase, dry steam + solid, suspension do not show significant alteration. By contrast, wet surge deposits, suggesting an emplacement from free water-bearing turbulent flows, show an increasing degree of alteration, passing from grey to red coloured beds. The strict relationship between the present alteration state and the depositional unit rules out any post-depositional processes. The occurrence of alteration in wet surge beds and the lack of alteration in dry beds shows that the main controlling agent was water condensed from the eruptive cloud and suggests a syn-depositional character to the alteration itself. These observed differences can be ascribed to the different chemical reactivities of the water, probably related to the amounts of acidic species carried by the eruptive cloud and/or by the efficiency of their capture during the condensation of the water vapour.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00298708
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sampling and analysis of light hydrocarbons in volcanic gases (1991)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 32 (1991), S. 441-444 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; FID ; Volcanic gas emissions ; Light hydrocarbons
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary Volcanic gas emissions are strictly related to a specific stage of volcanic activity. Complete knowledge of their chemical composition can be extremely useful for efficient geochemical surveillance of active volcanism sites. A new, effective and simple method for the evaluation of light hydrocarbons in volcanic gases is described. A rapid sampling procedure and GC-FID analysis are employed. Data from different volcanic areas are shown and a their possible correlation is also discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02327975
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  • 7
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    HCl degassing from extremely acidic crater lakes: preliminary results from experimental determinations and implications for geochemical monitoring (2016)
    Geological Society (of London)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-03-26
    Description: Crater lakes are monitored to detect volcanic unrest starting from the assumption that they behave as condensers for magmatic gases. A further assumption is that acidic gases such as HCl are conservative once dissolved in water. This is not true for extremely acidic crater lakes, whose H + activity is high enough to induce Cl – hydrolysis and consequently HCl degassing. This study presents the results of experimental determinations at 40–45°C demonstrating that HCl degassing from acidic water depends on pH and Cl – concentration. HCl degassing starts at pH values c. 0.05–0.1 with a rate of 5–10 mg min –1 l –1 , increasing up to c. 70 mg min –1 l –1 at pH〈–0.2. This implies that the rate of HCl removal from a crater lake with a volume of 10 4 –10 5 m 3 and a seawater-like Cl – concentration ranges from 5 to 50 t h –1 . The estimated HCl/H 2 O ratio in the separated vapour phase (0.01–0.2) is coherent with HCl/H 2 O ratios of fumaroles. Our experiments imply that: (i) the presence of very acidic gas species in fumaroles can be associated with a liquid-dominated feeding system, and (ii) dissolved in extremely acidic crater lakes, Cl – behaves as a non-conservative component.
    Print ISSN: 0305-8719
    Electronic ISSN: 2041-4927
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Geological Society (of London)
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  • 8
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    Sampling and analysis of light hydrocarbons in volcanic gases (1991)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 1991-11-01
    Print ISSN: 0009-5893
    Electronic ISSN: 1612-1112
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Published by Springer
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  • 9
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    Geochemistry and geophysics of active volcanic lakes: an introduction (2017)
    Geological Society (of London)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-22
    Description: Extract Volcanoes sometimes host a lake at the Earth's surface. These lakes are the surface expressions of a reservoir, often called a hydrothermal system, in highly fractured, permeable and porous media where fluids circulate (Fig. 1). The existence of a volcanic lake depends on a balance between: (1) a seal at the bottom of the lake to prevent water seepage; (2) abundant meteorological precipitation; (3) a sustained input of volcanic fluids; and (4) a limited heat input to avoid drying out of the lake by evaporation (Pasternack & Varekamp 1997; Rouwet & Tassi 2011). ... This 250-word extract was created in the absence of an abstract.
    Print ISSN: 0305-8719
    Electronic ISSN: 2041-4927
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Geological Society (of London)
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  • 10
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    The Karun River waters in the Ambal ridge region (Zagros mountain Range, southwestern Iran): mixing calculation and hydrogeological implications (2012)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-02-14
    Print ISSN: 0891-2556
    Electronic ISSN: 1878-5212
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Springer
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