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  • 1
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    In Situ Analysis and Mechanism Study of Char-Ash/Slag Transition in Pulverized Coal Gasification (2015)
    American Chemical Society (ACS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-05-28
    Description: Energy & Fuels DOI: 10.1021/acs.energyfuels.5b00322
    Print ISSN: 0887-0624
    Electronic ISSN: 1520-5029
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Published by American Chemical Society (ACS)
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  • 2
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    Energies, Vol. 12, Pages 3068: Current-Limiting Soft Starting Method for a High-Voltage and High-Power Motor (2019)
    MDPI
    In: Energies
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: Focusing on the starting problems of a high-voltage and high-power motor, such as large starting current, low power factor, waste of resources, and lack of harmonic control, this paper proposes a current-limiting soft starting method for a high-voltage and high-power motor. The method integrates functions like autotransformer voltage reduction–current limiting starting, magnetron voltage regulation–current limiting starting, and reactive power compensation during starting, and then the power filtering subsystem is turned on to filter out harmonics in power system as the starting process terminates. According to the current-limiting starting characteristic curve, the topological structure of the integrated device is established and then the functional logic switching strategy is put forward. Afterwards, the mechanisms of current-limiting starting, reactive compensation and dynamic harmonic filtering are analyzed, and the simulation and experimental evaluation are completed. In particular, the direct starting and the current-limiting are performed by developing a simulation system. In addition, a 10 kV/19,000 kW fan-loaded motor of a steel plant is chosen as the subject to verify the performance of the current-limiting soft starting method. As shown by the experimental results, the motor’s starting current is about 2 times that of its rated current, the power factor is raised to over 0.9 after the reactive power compensation, and the harmonic filter can effectively eliminate current harmonics and reduce the total harmonic distortion (THD) of supply currents.
    Electronic ISSN: 1996-1073
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Published by MDPI
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  • 3
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    Tape nanolithography: a rapid and simple method for fabricating flexible, wearable nanophotonic devices (2018)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018
    Print ISSN: 2096-1030
    Electronic ISSN: 2055-7434
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 4
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    Effect of mangrove restoration on crab burrow density in Luoyangjiang Estuary, China (2015)
    SpringerOpen
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-07-16
    Description: Background: Mangrove restoration seeks to restore or rebuild degraded mangrove systems. The methods of mangrove restoration include ecological projects and restoration-oriented technologies, the latter of which are designed to restore the structure, processes as well as related physical, chemical and biological characteristics of wetlands and to ensure the provision of ecosystem services. As important components of mangrove ecosystem, benthic organisms and crabs play a key role in nutrient cycling. In addition, mangrove restoration, such as vegetation restoration measures, can lead to changes in the benthic faunal communities. This study investigates whether the presence of different mangrove species, age and canopy cover of mangrove communities affect the density of crab burrows. Methods: The Luoyangjiang Estuary, in the southeast of Fujian Province, was selected as our research area. A survey, covering 14 sites, was conducted to investigate the impacts of mangrove restoration on the density of crab burrows in four rehabilitated forests with different stand ages and canopy. Results: It was found that differences in vegetation types had a large impact on crab density and that the density of crab burrows was lower on exposed beaches (non-mangrove) than under mature Kandelia candel, Aegiceras corniculatum and Avicennia marina communities. In general, the amount of leaf litter and debris on mangrove mudflats was greater than on the beaches as food sources for crabs. Two-factor analysis of variance (ANOVA) shows that changes in mangrove species and age since restoration had different effects on crab burrow density. The effect of canopy cover was highly significant on crab burrow density. Conclusions: The results suggest that in the process of mangrove restoration the combined effects of mangrove stand age, canopy cover and other factors should be taken into account. This study further supports the findings of the future scientific research and practice on mangrove restoration and management measures.
    Electronic ISSN: 2197-5620
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Published by SpringerOpen
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  • 5
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    Functional characterization of salicylate hydroxylase from the fungal endophyte Epichloë festucae (2015)
    Springer Nature
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-06-10
    Description: Epichloë spp. are symbiotic fungal endophytes of many cool season grasses. The presence of the fungal endophytes often confers insect, drought, and disease tolerance to the host grasses. The presence of the fungal endophytes within the host plants does not elicit host defense responses. The molecular basis for this phenomenon is not known. Epichloë festucae, the endophyte of Festuca rubra, expresses a salicylate hydroxylase similar to NahG from the bacterium Pseudomonas putida. Few fungal salicylate hydroxylase enzymes have been reported. The in planta expression of an endophyte salicylate hydroxylase raised the possibility that degradation of plant-produced salicylic acid is a factor in the mechanism of how the endophyte avoids eliciting host plant defenses. Here we report the characterization of the E. festucae salicylate hydroxylase, designated Efe-shyA. Although the fungal enzyme has the expected activity, based on salicylic acid levels in endophyte-free and endophyte-infected plants it is unlikely that expression of the endophyte salicylate hydroxylase is a factor in the lack of a host defense response to the presence of the fungal endophyte. Scientific Reports 5 doi: 10.1038/srep10939
    Electronic ISSN: 2045-2322
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Published by Springer Nature
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  • 6
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    Strain-tunable plasmonic crystal using elevated nanodisks with polarization-dependent characteristics (2016)
    American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-02-20
    Description: This paper reports on the mechanical tuning of optical resonances of a flexible plasmonic crystal. The device is structured with a square lattice nanopost array standing out of an elastomer substrate and coated with a gold thin film. The gold nanodisks residing on top of the nanoposts support a surface plasmon polariton (SPP) Bloch wave mode at the gold-air interface. By applying a strain along a planar direction of the substrate, the period of the elevated nanodisk array changes, thus altering the SPP resonance wavelength. Because the applied strain breaks period symmetry of the nanodisk array, the original single resonance mode is split into two polarized resonance modes. For the incident light polarized parallel with and perpendicular to the direction of the applied strain, the corresponding resonance modes are shifted in opposite directions at a rate of 1.6 ± 0.1 nm for every 1% change in strain. During stretching and compressing the substrate, the applied strains only change the period between nearby nanodisks without affecting their shape and morphology. This has improved reliability and repeatability of resonance tuning of the device.
    Print ISSN: 0003-6951
    Electronic ISSN: 1077-3118
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Institute of Physics (AIP)
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  • 7
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    Energies, Vol. 12, Pages 3126: Multi-period Market Operation of Transmission-Distribution Systems Based on Heterogeneous Decomposition and Coordination (2019)
    MDPI
    In: Energies
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: The integration of shiftable/curtailment distribution generators (DGs) along with quick-response storage has not only increased the transaction’s flexibility but also puzzled the bidding willingness of transmission-connected market players (TMPs). In this paper, the method of heterogeneous decomposition and coordination (HGDC) is applied to decompose the integrated transmission-distribution market framework into a bi-level problem with a transmission wholesale market master problem and several distribution retail market subproblems in a decentralized organization structure. The price-based bidding willingness of demand-side resources’ (DSRs’) aggregator is simulated considering the relation between distribution system operator’s (DSO’s) operation modes and its equivalent market transactive price. Besides the traditional mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) model, the active reconfiguration model of DSOs based on mixed-integer second-order conic programming (MI-SOCP) is proposed to rearrange its operation switch status and elaborate its operation cost according to the market transaction. Multi-period optimal operation modes could be obtained through an HGDC-based iteration process by coordinating the transmission system operator (TSO) with DSOs and considering the market energy equilibrium and reserve requirements for security considerations. Karush-Kuhn-Tucker (KKT) conditions are used to testify the optimality and convergence of the bi-level model in theory. The T5-3D33 case is employed to illustrate the efficiency of the proposed model and method.
    Electronic ISSN: 1996-1073
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Published by MDPI
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  • 8
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    Materials, Vol. 12, Pages 1994: Effect of Diffusion Annealing Temperature on the Formation Process and Properties of a Carbon–Aluminum Composite Layer on Pure Titanium (2019)
    MDPI
    In: Materials
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: A carbon–aluminum composite layer was prepared on the surface of pure titanium by double glow plasma carburizing, magnetron sputtering aluminizing, and vacuum-diffusional annealing treatment. The microstructure, phase composition, and properties of the composite layer obtained at different annealing temperatures were investigated by scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and the ball-on-disc wear method. Results showed that the layer contained a mixture of TiAl3, Ti2Al5, and TiC phases at 650 °C for 6 h, which can significantly enhance the hardness and wear resistance of pure titanium. The layer exhibited a higher hardness of around 1231 HV0.1, a lower friction coefficient of 0.33, and lower wear volumes of 0.018 mm3 than those of the titanium substrate.
    Electronic ISSN: 1996-1944
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Published by MDPI
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  • 9
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    Sensors, Vol. 19, Pages 2529: Application of an Improved Correlation Method in Electrostatic Gait Recognition of Hemiparetic Patients (2019)
    MDPI
    In: Sensors
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: Hemiparesis is one of the common sequelae of neurological diseases such as strokes, which can significantly change the gait behavior of patients and restrict their activities in daily life. The results of gait characteristic analysis can provide a reference for disease diagnosis and rehabilitation; however, gait correlation as a gait characteristic is less utilized currently. In this study, a new non-contact electrostatic field sensing method was used to obtain the electrostatic gait signals of hemiplegic patients and healthy control subjects, and an improved Detrended Cross-Correlation Analysis cross-correlation coefficient method was proposed to analyze the obtained electrostatic gait signals. The results show that the improved method can better obtain the dynamic changes of the scaling index under the multi-scale structure, which makes up for the shortcomings of the traditional Detrended Cross-Correlation Analysis cross-correlation coefficient method when calculating the electrostatic gait signal of the same kind of subjects, such as random and incomplete similarity in the trend of the scaling index spectrum change. At the same time, it can effectively quantify the correlation of electrostatic gait signals in subjects. The proposed method has the potential to be a powerful tool for extracting the gait correlation features and identifying the electrostatic gait of hemiplegic patients.
    Electronic ISSN: 1424-8220
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Published by MDPI
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  • 10
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    Numerical Simulation and Assessment of a Two-Stage Gasifier Modified from an Opposed Multi-Burner Gasifier (2014)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-01-31
    Description: An opposed multi-burner (OMB) entrained-flow gasifier with coal water slurry feeding is developed by the East China University of Science and Technology. A 3D model is employed to numerically simulate the gas flow field, motion of char particles, and distributions of temperature and gaseous components in an OMB gasifier and in a conceptual two-stage gasifier modified from the OMB gasifier (TS-OMB gasifier). Results show that the TS-OMB gasifier produces higher concentration and productivity of the effective gases (CO+H 2 ) with a slightly higher carbon conversion than the OMB gasifier. The reasons for the differences between these two types of gasifier are discussed by means of numerical simulation. This information is valuable for guiding the design of an advanced OMB gasifier. With an increasing demand for syngas, entrained-flow gasifiers for coal conversion are installed at the fastest pace due to advantages such as low pollutant emission. Simulations of the gas component distribution, amongst other key factors, in an opposed multi-burner (OMB) gasifier and modified two-stage OMB gasifier were compared. The results are valuable for future design of an advanced OMB gasifier.
    Print ISSN: 0930-7516
    Electronic ISSN: 1521-4125
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Published by Wiley
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