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  • 1
    Description / Table of Contents: Understanding how fluids flow through though rocks is very important in a number of fields. Almost all of the world's oil and gas are produced from underground reservoirs. Knowledge of how they got where they are, what keeps them there and how they migrate through the rock is very important in the search for new resources, as well as for maximising the extraction of as much of the contained oil/gas as possible. Similar understanding is important for managing groundwater resources and for predicting how hazardous or radioactive waste or carbon dioxide will behave if stored or disposed of underground. Unravelling the complex behaviour of fluids as they flow through rock is difficult, but important. We cannot see through rock, so we need to predict how and where fluids flow. Understanding the type of rock, its porosity, the character and pattern of fractures within it and how fluids flows through it are important. Some contributors to this volume have been trying to understand real rocks in real situations and others have been working on computer models and laboratory simulations. Put together, these approaches have yielded very useful results, many of which are discussed in this volume.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VII, 167 Seiten)
    ISBN: 1862391866
    Language: English
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  • 2
    Description / Table of Contents: Understanding the behaviour of gases in the context of radioactive waste disposal is a fundamental requirement in developing a safety case for the disposal of radioactive waste. Of particular importance are the long-term performance of bentonite buffers and cement-based backfill materials that may be used to encapsulate and surround the waste in a repository, and the behaviour of plastic clays, indurated mudrocks and crystalline formations that may be the host rocks for a repository. The EC Euratom programme funded project, FORGE, has provided new insights into the processes and mechanisms governing gas generation and migration with the aim of reducing uncertainty. This volume brings together papers on aspects of this topic arising from both the FORGE project and work undertaken elsewhere. This has been achieved by the acquisition of new experimental data coupled with modelling, through a series of laboratory and field-scale experiments performed at a number of underground research laboratories throughout Europe.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (264 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9781862397224
    Language: English
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1438-1168
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die vorliegende Arbeit befaßt sich mit der Untersuchung der Geochemie stabiler Isotope goldführender Quarzgänge in schwach metamorphen Sedimenten der zentralen Rocky Mountains in Britisch Kolumbien, Kanada. Die Resultate ergänzen früher publizierte geologische und geochemische Daten. Die δ34S-Werte von Gang-Pyrit liegen zwischen + 14.2 und + 16.3‰ (CDT); gleichzeitig gebildeter Bleiglanz hat δ34S-Werte von + 11.4 bis + 13.3‰. Die Isotopengeothermo metrie des Pyrits und Bleiglanzes ergibt eine mittlere Mineralisationstemperatur von 300°C + 43° für diese beiden Minerale. Vergleiche der 8345-Werte des Gang-Pyrits mit denen von Pyrit-Porphyroblasten des Nebengesteins lassen für die Gang-Pyrite eine Herkunft des Schwefels aus dem Nebengestein als wahrscheinlich erscheinen. Die Δ18O-Werte von Quarziten und Peliten, die als Nebengesteine auftreten, streuen von + 12.0‰ bis + 13.5‰ (SMOW), beziehungweise von +9.5 bis + 10.5‰ Quarz goldführender Gänge hat δ18O-Werte, die zwischen + 13.0‰ und + 15.0‰ (SMOW) liegen. Er wurde als Gangfüllung wahrscheinlich bei sinkenden Temperaturen aus post metamorphen wäßrigen Lösungen abgesetzt. Flüssigkeitseinschlüsse von Gangmineralien zeigen δD-Werte von -105 bis -124‰ (SMOW). Die H-O-Isotope sind deshalb ein Hinweis dafür, daß als mineralisierende Lösungen isotopisch veränderte meteorische Wässer in Betracht zu ziehen sind. Bei der Deutung der Herkunft der mineralisierenden wäßrigen Lösungen von mesothermalen Goldgängen muß die Kenntnis der H-Isotope als kritisch betrachtet werden. Die Seltenheit mit der H-Isotopendaten dieses Lagerstättentyps in der Literatur diskutiert werden, dürfte ein wesentlicher Grund dafür sein, daß die Rolle meteorischer Wässer bei der Genese mesothermaler, in Metasedimenten liegender Goldgänge, vielfach übersehen wurde.
    Notes: Summary The stable isotope geochemistry of native gold-bearing quartz veins contained within low-grade metasedimentary strata in the central Canadian Rocky Mountains, British Columbia is examined. The data augment previous geological and geochemical studies. Vein pyrite δ34S values cluster between + 14.2 and + 16.3‰ (CDT). Coeval galenas exhibit δ34S values between + 11.4 and 13.3‰. Pyrite-galena geothermometry reveals a mean temperature of mineralization of 300 ± 43°C. Comparison of δ34S values for the vein pyrites, with values for pyrite porphyroblasts in country rocks suggests that vein sulfur was probably derived from the host rocks. δ18O(SMOW) values of host quartzites and pelites cluster between + 12.0 and + 13.5‰, and + 9.5 and + 10.5‰, respectively. Auriferous vein quartz exhibits Δ18O values between + 13.0 and + 15.0‰. Veins were likely deposited from fluids undergoing post-peak metamorphic cooling. Vein inclusion fluids exhibit Δ values between −105 and −124‰ (SMOW). Combined O-H-isotope data are most compatible with a source fluid involving chemically- and isotopically-evolved meteoric waters. The critical role of H-isotope data in the evaluation of source fluids for such mesothermal gold lodes is stressed. The paucity of H-isotope data pertaining to the study of lode gold deposits in similar low-grade metasedimentary domains suggests that the involvement of meteoric waters may at times be overlooked.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Computational mechanics 17 (1996), S. 406-417 
    ISSN: 1432-0924
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract This work examines steady-state heat conduction in a stochastic, heterogeneous medium where the thermal conductivity varies linearly along one direction and its slope consists of a constant plus a zero-mean random part. As a first step, the governing Laplace's equation is solved using a coordinate transformation of the independent spatial variables and the exact Green's functions in both two and three dimensions are obtained for a linearly varying conductivity profile. In addition, a boundary integral equation statement in which the Green's functions appear as kernels is concurrently obtained. Next, material stochasticity is introduced and the perturbation approach is employed for deriving the mean value and covariance of the Green's functions using up to second order terms. Perturbations are also used in conjuction with the discretized boundary integral equation statement so that a mean vector and a covariance matrix for the response (temperature, heat flux) are also obtained. An example involving steady-state temperature distribution in a block along the direction where conductivity varies on the horizontal plane due to a buried heat source serves to illustrate the method. Finally, comparisons are made with Monte Carlo simulations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Computational mechanics 17 (1996), S. 406-417 
    ISSN: 1432-0924
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract  This work examines steady-state heat conduction in a stochastic, heterogeneous medium where the thermal conductivity varies linearly along one direction and its slope consists of a constant plus a zero-mean random part. As a first step, the governing Laplace’s equation is solved using a coordinate transformation of the independent spatial variables and the exact Green’s functions in both two and three dimensions are obtained for a linearly varying conductivity profile. In addition, a boundary integral equation statement in which the Green’s functions appear as kernels is concurrently obtained. Next, material stochasticity is introduced and the perturbation approach is employed for deriving the mean value and covariance of the Green’s functions using up to second order terms. Perturbations are also used in conjuction with the discretized boundary integral equation statement so that a mean vector and a covariance matrix for the response (temperature, heat flux) are also obtained. An example involving steady-state temperature distribution in a block along the direction where conductivity varies on the horizontal plane due to a buried heat source serves to illustrate the method. Finally, comparisons are made with Monte Carlo simulations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Computational mechanics 23 (1999), S. 75-86 
    ISSN: 1432-0924
    Keywords: Key words: Elastic waves ; fundamental solutions ; heterogeneous media ; pseudo-dilatational waves ; pseudo-rotational waves.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The passage of elastic waves through the upper soil strata is modeled by a rather simple solution based on freely propagating waves in a continuously heterogeneous material with amplitude dependence on a single coordinate corresponding to the direction of propagation. Specifically, pseudo-dilational and pseudo-rotational waves are developed for an elastic medium with position-dependent density and thus position-dependent pressure (P) and shear (S) wavespeeds, although in a strict sense these no longer exist as such due to coupling through the material heterogeneity. Time harmonic conditions are assumed to hold at the fundamental solution level and transient signal generation is achieved through Fourier synthesis. Numerical examples for the square root of linear in the depth coordinate wavespeed profiles are used in modeling the passage of impulsively-generated signals in a soft soil deposit under two-dimensional conditions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1619-6937
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary A thin viscoelastic plate on a Winkler foundation is subjected to vertical loads. Its response is strongly affected by the presence of a vertical temperature gradient which causes a very pronounced change in the viscosity coefficient through the plate thickness. While eventually the entire load will be transferred to the underlying foundation, during the time dependent deformation process it is possible that some bending stresses will actually increase rather than decrease as would normally be expected with this relaxation process. The rationale for this behavior lies in the competition between the two physical processes of a) the load transfer to the foundation causing an overall relief of the bending moment and thus the bending stress and b) the rapid relaxation of bending stress in the hot lower portion of the plate causing the colder upper portion to carry a larger share of that portion of the bending moment still carried by the plate. The simple case of a clamped circular plate of a metallic material and subjected to a uniform load is used to illustrate this behavior. Certain simplifications are made to allow an analytic solution; these simplifications do not alter the basic behavior. In the present case, these simplifications are the neglect of Poisson's ratio effects and the assumption of a linear “equivalent” viscoelastic material behavior. This latter point is discussed in an appendix. Numerical solutions containing more general behavior indicate that the basic behavior is still well modeled even with these assumptions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
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    In:  Geological Society Special Publication 249: 145-161.
    Publication Date: 2007-10-08
    Description: The NERC {micro}2M Programme funded 17 projects over a period of six years. A brief outline of the programme and of all the component projects is provided here.
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2015-08-08
    Description: Author(s): A. G. Kozorezov, C. Lambert, F. Marsili, M. J. Stevens, V. B. Verma, J. A. Stern, R. Horansky, S. Dyer, S. Duff, D. P. Pappas, A. Lita, M. D. Shaw, R. P. Mirin, and Sae Woo Nam We describe a kinetic model of recombination of nonequilibrium quasiparticles generated by single photon absorption in superconducting current-carrying nanowires. The model is developed to interpret two-photon detection experiments in which a single photon does not possess sufficient energy for brea… [Phys. Rev. B 92, 064504] Published Thu Aug 06, 2015
    Keywords: Superfluidity and superconductivity
    Print ISSN: 1098-0121
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-3795
    Topics: Physics
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2015-01-23
    Description: Author(s): T. Gerrits, F. Marsili, V. B. Verma, L. K. Shalm, M. Shaw, R. P. Mirin, and S. W. Nam We present an efficient tool capable of measuring the spectral correlations between photons emerging from a Hong-Ou-Mandel interferometer. We show that for our spectrally factorizable spontaneous down-conversion source, the Hong-Ou-Mandel interference visibility decreases as the photons' frequency s... [Phys. Rev. A 91, 013830] Published Thu Jan 22, 2015
    Keywords: Quantum optics, physics of lasers, nonlinear optics, classical optics
    Print ISSN: 1050-2947
    Electronic ISSN: 1094-1622
    Topics: Physics
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