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  • 1
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    Sedimentary Basins and Crustal Processes at Continental Margins : From Modern Hyper-extended Margins to Deformed Ancient Analogues (2015)
    London : The Geological Society
    Details
    Description / Table of Contents: Continental margins and their fossilized analogues are important repositories of natural resources. With better processing techniques and increased availability of high-resolution seismic and potential field data, imaging of present-day continental margins and their embedded sedimentary basins has reached unprecedented levels of refinement and definition, as illustrated by examples described in this volume. This, in turn, has led to greatly improved geological, geodynamic and numerical models for the crustal and mantle processes involved in continental margin formation from the initial stages of rifting through continental rupture and break-up to development of a new ocean basin. Further informing these models, and contributing to a better understanding of the features imaged in the seismic and potential field data, are observations made on fossilized fragments of exhumed subcontinental mantle lithosphere and ocean–continent transition zones preserved in ophiolites and orogenic belts of both Palaeozoic and Mesozoic age from several different continents, including Europe, South Asia and Australasia.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (338 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9781862397200
    URL: http://sp.lyellcollection.org/content/413/1
    Language: English
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    SHRIMP monazite and zircon geochronology of high-grade metamorphism in New Zealand (1998)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd.
    Journal of metamorphic geology 16 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1525-1314
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Ion microprobe dating of zircon and monazite from high-grade gneisses has been used to (1) determine the timing of metamorphism in the Western Province of New Zealand, and (2) constrain the age of the protoliths from which the metamorphic rocks were derived. The Western Province comprises Westland, where mainly upper crustal rocks are exposed, and Fiordland, where middle to lower crustal levels crop out. In Westland, the oldest recognisable metamorphic event occurred at 360–370 Ma, penecontemporaneously with intrusion of the mid-Palaeozoic Karamea Batholith (c. 375 Ma). Metamorphism took place under low-pressure/high-temperature conditions, resulting in upper-amphibolite sillimanite-grade metamorphism of Lower Palaeozoic pelites (Greenland Group). Orthogneisses of younger (Cretaceous) age formed during emplacement of the Rahu Suite granite intrusives (c. 110 Ma) and were derived from protoliths including Cretaceous Separation Point suite and Devonian Karamea suite granites. In Fiordland, high-grade paragneisses with Greenland Group zircon age patterns were metamorphosed (M1) to sillimanite grade at 360 Ma. Concomitant with crustal thickening and further granite emplacement, M1 mineral assemblages were overprinted by higher-pressure kyanite-grade metamorphism (M2) at 330 Ma. It remains unclear whether the M2 event in Fiordland was primarily due to tectonic burial, as suggested by regional recumbent isoclinal folding, or whether it was due to magmatic loading, in keeping with the significant volumes of granite magma intruded at higher structural levels in the formerly contiguous Westland region. Metamorphism in Fiordland accompanied and outlasted emplacement of the Western Fiordland Orthogneiss (WFO) at 110–125 Ma. The WFO equilibrated under granulite facies conditions, whereas cover rocks underwent more limited recrystallization except for high-strain shear zones where conditions of lower to middle amphibolite facies were met. The juxtaposition of Palaeozoic kyanite-grade rocks against Cretaceous WFO granulites resulted from late Mesozoic extensional deformation and development of metamorphic core complexes in the Western Province.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1525-1314.1998.00112.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Importance of thrust faulting in the tectonic development of northern Victoria Land, Antarctica (1985)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 315 (1985), S. 480-483 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Fig. 1 Geological map of northern Victoria Land (compiled from data in refs 1, 3, 4, 12). The Wilson terrane contains mainly (?Precambrian) amphibolite fades gneisses intruded by Lower Palaeozoic S-type granitoids (Granite Harbour Intrusives5'6). These gneisses have undergone four phases of ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/315480a0
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Granulite formation during continental extension in Fiordland, New Zealand (1995)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 375 (1995), S. 479-482 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Granulites in Fiordland (Fig. 1) were derived from Early Cretaceous plutonic protoliths of intermediate to basic composition and include both garnet and two-pyroxene varieties. They make up the regionally extensive Western Fiord-land Orthogneiss (WFO) and have ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/375479a0
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Margarite in kyanite- and corundum-bearing anorthosite, amphibolite, and hornblendite from central Fiordland, New Zealand (1979)
    Springer
    Contributions to mineralogy and petrology 68 (1979), S. 171-179 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0967
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract Margarite is both abundant and widespread throughout a sequence of interstratified amphibolite, hornblendite, and metamorphosed anorthosite from the upper Lyvia River, central Fiordland. These rock types comprise part of a metamorphosed layered intrusion. Assemblages recorded from these rocks are the product of two distinct phases of metamorphism. First generation assemblages typically comprise plagioclase (An84–96), hornblende, kyanite, and minor corundum. Clinozoisite and chlorite occur as late stage breakdown products of plagioclase and hornblende. Margarite developed during the second phase of metamorphism. Within the corundum-bearing rocks replacement of corundum or plagioclase by margarite can be observed directly. On the basis of these observations the following reaction is evident: 1 corundum+1 anorthite+1H2O=1 margarite. In other assemblages the formation of margarite can be attributed to the breakdown of kyanite and clinozoisite according to the reaction: 2 kyanite+2 clinozoisite=1 margarite+3 anorthite. Margarite is found, however, to contain appreciable amounts of paragonite solid-solution (up to 28 mol%) and plagioclase produced (second generation) is not pure anorthite but of intermediate compositions (An46–62). The reaction therefore involves the introduction of both soda and silica. Margarite also crystallized independently of clinozoisite according to a reaction of the general form: 5 pargasite+17 kyanite+19 H2O =8 margarite+4 chlorite+7 plagioclase. Application of available experimental data suggests that the margarite formed between 550 and 720 ° C up to a maximum pressure of 9.5 kb. Whereas the involvement of albite component (second generation plagioclase) will tend to lower the temperatures and pressures necessary for the occurrence of margarite, this effect is partially offset by the significant amounts of paragonite end-member held within the margarite. An independent estimate of the metamorphic conditions in metapelites suggests that the introduction of albite lowers equilibration temperatures by about 2 ° C for every 1% albite.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00371898
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  • 6
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    A compact holographic optical tweezers instrument (2012)
    American Institute of Physics
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-11-01
    Print ISSN: 0034-6748
    Electronic ISSN: 1089-7623
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Published by American Institute of Physics
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  • 7
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    Sedimentary basins and continental margin processes - from modern hyper-extended margins to deformed ancient analogues: an introduction (2015)
    Geological Society (of London)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-07-30
    Description: Continental margins and their fossilized analogues are important repositories of natural resources. With better processing techniques and increased availability of high-resolution seismic and potential field data, imaging of present-day continental margins and their embedded sedimentary basins, in which the majority of these resources are located, has reached unprecedented levels of refinement and definition, as illustrated by papers in this volume. This, in turn, has led to greatly improved geological, geodynamic and numerical models for the crustal and mantle processes involved in continental-margin formation from the initial stages of rifting through to continental rupture and break-up, to the eventual development of a new ocean basin. Further informing these models, and contributing to a better understanding of the features imaged in the seismic and potential field data, are observations made on fossilized fragments of exhumed subcontinental mantle lithosphere and ocean–continent transition zones preserved in ophiolites and orogenic belts of both Palaeozoic and Mesozoic age from several different continents, including Europe, South Asia and Australasia.
    Print ISSN: 0305-8719
    Electronic ISSN: 2041-4927
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Geological Society (of London)
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  • 8
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    Noninvasive, near-field terahertz imaging of hidden objects using a single-pixel detector (2016)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-05
    Description: Terahertz (THz) imaging can see through otherwise opaque materials. However, because of the long wavelengths of THz radiation ( = 400 μm at 0.75 THz), far-field THz imaging techniques suffer from low resolution compared to visible wavelengths. We demonstrate noninvasive, near-field THz imaging with subwavelength resolution. We project a time-varying, intense (〉100 μJ/cm 2 ) optical pattern onto a silicon wafer, which spatially modulates the transmission of synchronous pulse of THz radiation. An unknown object is placed on the hidden side of the silicon, and the far-field THz transmission corresponding to each mask is recorded by a single-element detector. Knowledge of the patterns and of the corresponding detector signal are combined to give an image of the object. Using this technique, we image a printed circuit board on the underside of a 115-μm-thick silicon wafer with ~100-μm (/4) resolution. With subwavelength resolution and the inherent sensitivity to local conductivity, it is possible to detect fissures in the circuitry wiring of a few micrometers in size. THz imaging systems of this type will have other uses too, where noninvasive measurement or imaging of concealed structures is necessary, such as in semiconductor manufacturing or in ex vivo bioimaging.
    Electronic ISSN: 2375-2548
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 9
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    Preservation of a fragmented late Neoproterozoic-earliest Cambrian hyper-extended continental-margin sequence in the Australian Delamerian Orogen (2015)
    Geological Society (of London)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-04-02
    Description: Mafic and ultramafic rocks intercalated with metamorphosed deep-marine sediments in the Glenelg River Complex of SE Australia comprise variably tectonized fragments of an interpreted late Neoproterozoic–earliest Cambrian hyper-extended continental margin that was dismembered and thrust westwards over the adjacent continental margin during the Cambro-Ordovician Delamerian Orogeny. Ultramafic rocks include serpentinized harzburgite of inferred subcontinental lithospheric origin that had already been exhumed at the seafloor before sedimentation commenced, whereas mafic rocks exhibit mainly enriched- and normal-type mid-ocean ridge basalt (E- and N-MORB) compositions consistent with emplacement in an oceanic setting. These lithologies and their metasedimentary host rocks predate deposition of the Cambrian Kanmantoo Group and are more likely to represent temporal equivalents of the older Normanville Group or underlying Neoproterozoic Adelaide Supergroup. The Kanmantoo Group is host to basaltic rocks with higher degrees of crustal contamination and yields detrital zircon populations dominated by 600–500 Ma ages. Except for quartz greywacke confined to the uppermost part of the sequence, metasedimentary rocks in the Glenelg River Complex are devoid of detrital zircon, and are interstratified with subordinate amounts of metachert and carbonaceous dolomitic slate suggestive of deposition in a deep-marine environment far removed from any continental margin. Seismic reflection data support the idea that the Glenelg River Complex is underlain by mafic and ultramafic rocks, and preclude earlier interpretations based on aeromagnetic data that the continental margin incorporates a thick pile of seawards-dipping basaltic flows analogous to those of volcanic margins in the North Atlantic. Correlative hyper-extended continental rift margins to the Glenelg River Complex occur along strike in formerly contiguous parts of Antarctica. Supplementary material: Geochemical data for mafic and ultramafic rocks in the Glenelg River Complex and correlative terranes, and U–Th–Pb data for western Victoria gabbros are available at http://www.geolsoc.org.uk/SUP18821 .
    Print ISSN: 0305-8719
    Electronic ISSN: 2041-4927
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Geological Society (of London)
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  • 10
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    Basin inversion and supercontinent assembly as drivers of sediment-hosted Pb-Zn mineralization in the Mount Isa region, northern Australia (2017)
    Geological Society of London
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-08-04
    Description: Deep seismic reflection imaging combined with geochronological, palaeomagnetic and stratigraphic data indicate that the world class sediment-hosted Pb–Zn deposits of northern Australia are preferentially concentrated in the post-extensional syn-inversion fraction of the Calvert and Isa superbasins. These fractions were deposited at 1650–1640 Ma and 1615–1575 Ma respectively, and overlap the age of known orogenic events in both Australia and western Laurentia, pointing to a common origin linked to crustal shortening and supercontinent assembly. Crustal shortening resulted in thrust faulting and reactivation of earlier-formed extensional faults leading to upward expulsion of mineralizing fluids at or close to the seafloor while basin inversion and sedimentation were still in progress. This is contrary to most existing models for Pb–Zn ore genesis in northern Australia where fluid flow and mineralization have been attributed to syn-extensional processes accompanying continental breakup or thermal sag. Instead, mineralization post-dates passive margin formation and more probably occurred in a contractional or foreland basin setting involving orogenic loading of the continental crust from the east during assembly or reassembly of the Nuna supercontinent. A strikingly similar history of basin inversion and Pb–Zn mineralisation is shared by the late Neoproterozoic-early Paleozoic Selwyn and older epicratonic basins of western North America.
    Print ISSN: 0016-7649
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Geological Society of London
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