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  • 1
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    The physics of explosive volcanic eruptions (1998)
    London : The Geological Society
    Associated volumes
    Details Availability
    Call number: 9/M 00.0460
    In: Geological Society special publication
    Description / Table of Contents: The Physics of Explosive Volcanic Eruptions includes seven review papers that outline our current understanding of several aspects of the physical processes affecting magma during volcanic eruptions. An introductory chapter highlights research areas where our understanding is incomplete, or even completely lacking, and where work needs advancing if our knowledge of volcanic processes is to be substantially improved. The book covers topics on the physical properties of silicic magma, vesiculation processes, conduit flow and fragmentation, gas loss from magmas during eruption, models of volcanic eruption columns, tephra dispersal and pyroclastic density currents.
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: 186 S. , Ill., graph. Darst., Kt.
    ISBN: 1862390207
    Series Statement: Geological Society special publication 145
    URL: http://sp.lyellcollection.org/content/145/1
    Classification:
    Petrology, Petrography
    Note: J. S. Gilbert and R. S. J. Sparks: Future research directions on the physics of explosive volcanic eruptions / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 145:1-7, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.145.01.01 --- Donald B. Dingwell: Recent experimental progress in the physical description of silicic magma relevant to explosive volcanism / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 145:9-26, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.145.01.02 --- Oded Navon and Vladimir Lyakhovsky: Vesiculation processes in silicic magmas / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 145:27-50, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.145.01.03 --- H. M. Mader: Conduit flow and fragmentation / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 145:51-71, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.145.01.04 --- C. Jaupart: Gas loss from magmas through conduit walls during eruption / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 145:73-90, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.145.01.05 --- Andrew W. Woods: Observations and models of volcanic eruption columns / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 145:91-114, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.145.01.06 --- M. Bursik: Tephra dispersal / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 145:115-144, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.145.01.07 --- T. H. Druitt: Pyroclastic density currents / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 145:145-182, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.145.01.08
    Location: Reading room
    Branch Library: GFZ Library
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  • 2
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Volcanic plumes (1997)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley
    Details Availability
    Call number: M 99.0369
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: xii, 574 S.
    ISBN: 0471939013
    Classification:
    Tectonics
    Location: Upper compact magazine
    Branch Library: GFZ Library
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  • 3
    Unknown
    The Physics of Explosive Volcanic Eruptions (1998)
    London : The Geological Society
    Details
    Keywords: Eruption ; Geophysik ; Physik ; Vulkanismus ; Explosive volcanic eruptions ; Magmatisme ; Mathematical models ; Volcanisme ; Vulcanismo
    Description / Table of Contents: J. S. Gilbert and R. S. J. Sparks: Future research directions on the physics of explosive volcanic eruptions / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 145:1-7, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.145.01.01 --- Donald B. Dingwell: Recent experimental progress in the physical description of silicic magma relevant to explosive volcanism / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 145:9-26, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.145.01.02 --- Oded Navon and Vladimir Lyakhovsky: Vesiculation processes in silicic magmas / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 145:27-50, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.145.01.03 --- H. M. Mader: Conduit flow and fragmentation / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 145:51-71, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.145.01.04 --- C. Jaupart: Gas loss from magmas through conduit walls during eruption / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 145:73-90, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.145.01.05 --- Andrew W. Woods: Observations and models of volcanic eruption columns / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 145:91-114, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.145.01.06 --- M. Bursik: Tephra dispersal / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 145:115-144, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.145.01.07 --- T. H. Druitt: Pyroclastic density currents / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 145:145-182, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.145.01.08
    Pages: Online-Ressource (186 Seiten) , Illustrationen, Diagramme, Karten
    ISBN: 1862390207
    URL: http://sp.lyellcollection.org/content/145/1
    Language: English
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  • 4
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    Control of magma flow in dykes on cyclic lava dome extrusion (2007)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Lava dome eruptions are commonly characterized by large fluctuations in discharge rate with cyclic behaviour on time-scales ranging from hours to decades. Examples include Bezymianny volcano (Russia), Merapi (Java), Santiaguito (Guatemala), Mt St Helens (USA), Mt Unzen (Japan), and Soufrie`re Hills volcano (Montserrat). Previous models have assumed simple cylindrical conduits for magma transport, but extrusions are mainly fed by dykes, with cylindrical geometries developing only at shallow levels. The widths of dykes embedded in an elastic medium are influenced by local magma pressure, affecting flow rates and system dynamics strongly. We develop a model for magma flow in dykes, which predicts intense pulsations of magma extrusion for the case of a constant source pressure. The period time scale is determined by the elastic deformation of the dyke walls and the length-to-width ratio of the dyke. The dyke acts like a volumetric capacitor, storing magma as pressure increases and then releasing magma in a pulse of extrusion. For the Soufrie`re Hills volcano, cyclic extrusions with time-scales of a few weeks are predicted for dykes 300–500 m long and 3–6 m wide, matching observations. The model explains the sharp onset of tilt pulsations and seismic swarms.
    Description: Published
    Description: L02303
    Description: 3.6. Fisica del vulcanismo
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Control ; magma flow ; dykes ; cyclic lava ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.03. Magmas ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.04. Thermodynamics
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 5
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    Volcanic Eruptions: Cyclicity During Lava Dome Growth (2007)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: We consider the process of slow extrusion of very viscous magma that forms lava domes. Domebuilding eruptions are commonly associated with hazardous phenomena, including pyroclastic flows generated by dome collapses, explosive eruptions and volcanic blasts. These eruptions commonly display fairly regular alternations between periods of high and low or no activity with time scales from hours to years. Usually hazardous phenomena are associated with periods of high magma discharge rate, thus, understanding the causes of pulsatory activity during extrusive eruptions is an important step towards forecasting volcanic behaviour, especially the transition to explosive activity when magma discharge rate increases by a few orders of magnitude. In recent years the risks have increased because the population density in the vicinity of many active volcanoes has increased.
    Description: Submitted
    Description: 3.6. Fisica del vulcanismo
    Description: N/A or not JCR
    Description: open
    Keywords: Volcanic Eruptions ; Cyclicity ; During Lava ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.03. Magmas ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.04. Thermodynamics
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: manuscript
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  • 6
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    Controls of conduit geometry and wallrock elasticity on lava dome eruptions (2007)
    elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Many lava dome building eruptions show periodic to complex non-periodic pulsatory activity. Typical time-scales associated with this activity range from hours to decades. Previous studies modelled the ascent of magma using a set of transient 1-D transport equations, accounting for degassing induced crystallization kinetics, gas exsolution and viscosity increase due to crystal growth. These models assumed flow in a cylindrical conduit with a fixed cross-section area. Since several observations suggest that extrusions are mainly fed by dykes, with cylindrical geometries developing only at shallow levels, here we generalised the model to the flow geometry represented by an elliptical dyke with major and minor semi-axes changing with depth. Quasi-static elastic deformation of the dyke is accounted by an analytical solution that couples cross-section area with the magmatic overpressure. The effects of the main dyke geometrical parameters and boundary conditions on the eruption dynamics were investigated. The presence of a deformable dyke can lead to a more complex periodic behaviour with a wider range of time-scales and cyclicity patterns with respect to a uniform cylindrical conduit. There is a regime where the period of pulsations is controlled by the elasticity of the dyke and a regime where the period is controlled by the volume of the magma chamber. Intermediate regimes are possible. Periodic variations in discharge rate are also possible for both fixed pressure in dyke source region and fixed influx rate into the dyke. Our study emphasizes the strong nonlinearities and complex behaviours of lava dome eruptions. From a forecasting and hazard perspective, intrinsic uncertainties in governing parameters may make volcanic systems in some circumstances unpredictable. On the other hand, lava dome systems may also develop episodic and systematic behaviours so that behaviour becomes predictable for a while.
    Description: Published
    Description: 137–151
    Description: 3.6. Fisica del vulcanismo
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: lava dome ; extrusive eruption ; dyke ; wallrock elasticity ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.03. Magmas ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.04. Thermodynamics
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 7
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    Effects of wall-rock elasticity on magma flow in dykes during explosive eruptions (2009)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Magma flow during explosive volcanic eruptions has been described assuming rigid conduits with simple cylindrical or planar geometries. Here we study the dynamics of explosive volcanic flows to take account of the role of elastic deformation of the conduit influenced by local magmatic pressure. Three cases are investigated: a dyke with elliptical cross-section, a cylindrical conduit and a deep dyke connected to a shallow cylinder. The model CPIUC (Macedonio et al., 2005) was used for simulations and generalized to account for elastic deformations of the conduit cross-section area due to magmatic overpressure. Fragmentation level is typically deeper in a dyke than in a cylinder. For flows in wide dykes pressure at the fragmentation depth can be lower than the surrounding lithostatic pressure by several tens of MPa, indicating that the wall-rocks of the dyke will be unstable, constraining the dyke width and eventually blocking the eruption. On the other hand, when the fragmentation level is shallow the corresponding lithostatic pressure is not large enough to close the dyke and eruptions from wide dykes are possible. The behaviour changes drastically when we assume the conduit is a dyke at depth that evolves to a cylinder near the surface. In this case even very wide dykes can be stable because the fragmentation level moves into the cylindrical region where deformation is negligible.
    Description: Published
    Description: 455–462
    Description: 3.6. Fisica del vulcanismo
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: conduit geometry ; explosive eruption ; elastic effect ; dyke deformation ; 04. Solid Earth::04.01. Earth Interior::04.01.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.06. Rheology, friction, and structure of fault zones ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.99. General or miscellaneous
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 8
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    Modelling ground deformation caused by oscillating overpressure in a dyke conduit at Soufrière Hills Volcano, Montserrat (2009)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: A dyke conduit has been shown to be a realistic model for the shallow magmatic feeder system for the dome forming eruption at Soufrière Hills Volcano, Montserrat. Here we use a three-dimensional Finite Element model to examine the ground deformation that can be expected due to the pressurization of a dyke conduit. We find that the generated deformation has a bilateral symmetry with nearly no displacement in the direction of dyke strike, and a maximal ground deformation about 1 km away from the vent in the perpendicular direction. Resultant surface deformation is mainly triggered by the upper part of the feeder system, where the dyke opens into a cylindrical conduit. We apply our deformation model to investigate tilt data collected in 1997 in order to infer the orientation of the dyke. We obtain a best-fit for a NNW–SSE trending dyke, which matches observations of the ground displacement field obtained by differential GPS and the alignment of main structural geologic features of southern Montserrat.
    Description: Published
    Description: 87–95
    Description: 3.5. Geologia e storia dei vulcani ed evoluzione dei magmi
    Description: 3.6. Fisica del vulcanismo
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Soufrière Hills Volcano ; Dyke conduit ; Finite Element Model ; Ground deformation ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.08. Volcanic arcs ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.08. Volcanic risk ; 05. General::05.01. Computational geophysics::05.01.03. Inverse methods
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 9
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    Volcanic Eruptions:Cyclicity during Lava Dome Growth (2008)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: We consider the process of slow extrusion of very viscous magma that forms lava domes. Dome-building eruptions are commonly associated with hazardous phenomena, in- cluding pyroclastic flows generated by dome collapses, explosive eruptions and volcanic blasts. These eruptions commonly display fairly regular alternations between pe- riods of high and low or no activity with time scales from hours to years. Usually hazardous phenomena are asso- ciated with periods of high magma discharge rate, thus, understanding the causes of pulsatory activity during ex- trusive eruptions is an important step towards forecasting volcanic behavior, especially the transition to explosive ac- tivity when magma discharge rate increases by a few orders of magnitude. In recent years the risks have increased be- cause the population density in the vicinity of many active volcanoes has increased.
    Description: Published
    Description: 3.6. Fisica del vulcanismo
    Description: open
    Keywords: Volcanic Eruptions ; Cyclicity ; During Lava ; 04. Solid Earth::04.01. Earth Interior::04.01.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.04. Thermodynamics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.08. Volcanic risk
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: book chapter
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  • 10
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    A stress-controlled mechanism for the intensity of very large magnitude explosive eruptions (2012)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Large magnitude explosive eruptions are the result of the rapid and large-scale transport of silicic magma stored in the Earth's crust, but the mechanics of erupting teratonnes of silicic magma remain poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate that the combined effect of local crustal extension and magma chamber overpressure can sustain linear dyke-fed explosive eruptions with mass fluxes in excess of 1010 kg/s from shallow-seated (4–6 km depth) chambers during moderate extensional stresses. Early eruption column collapse is facilitated with eruption duration of the order of few days with an intensity of at least one order of magnitude greater than the largest eruptions in the 20th century. The conditions explored in this study are one way in which high mass eruption rates can be achieved to feed large explosive eruptions. Our results corroborate geological and volcanological evidences from volcano-tectonic complexes such as the Sierra Madre Occidental (Mexico) and the Taupo Volcanic Zone (New Zealand).
    Description: Published
    Description: 161-166
    Description: 4.3. TTC - Scenari di pericolosità vulcanica
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: conduit model ; large explosive eruption ; extensional stress ; linear fissure eruptions ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.99. General or miscellaneous
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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