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  • 1
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    Cross-Border Themes in Petroleum Geology I: The North Sea (2019)
    London : The Geological Society
    Details
    Keywords: North Sea ; stratigraphy ; sedimentology ; tectonics ; oil exploration ; gas exploration
    Description / Table of Contents: 13 September 2019 --- Depositional environments of the Early to Middle Triassic northern North Sea in a syn-rift to a post-rift setting / Linn T. E. Orre and Atle Folkestad / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 494, 13 September 2019, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP494-2019-64 --- 6 September 2019 --- Identifying and de-risking near-field opportunities through reliable pre-stack broadband attributes: examples from the Paleocene North Sea (UK–Norway) injectites play / Noémie Pernin, Laurent Feuilleaubois, Tim Bird and Cyrille Reiser / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 494, 6 September 2019, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP494-2019-11 --- 30 August 2019 --- Deep-seated focused fluid migration as indicator for hydrocarbon leads in the East Shetland Platform, North Sea Province / Jens Karstens, Philipp Müller, Christian Berndt and Stefano Patruno / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 494, 30 August 2019, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP494-2019-26 --- 22 August 2019 --- One North Sea fairway analysis: revealing opportunities through data integration across scales / Paul Roberts, Oliver Jordan, Øyvind Steen, Christopher Leppard, Jose Salvadores Janssen, Emmanuelle Baudia, Alice Ramm and Geir Helgesen / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 494, 22 August 2019, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP494-2019-5 --- New insights on subsurface energy resources in the Southern North Sea Basin area / J. C. Doornenbal, H. Kombrink, R. Bouroullec, R. A. F. Dalman, G. De Bruin, C. R. Geel, A. J. P. Houben, B. Jaarsma, J. Juez-Larré, M. Kortekaas, H. F. Mijnlieff, S. Nelskamp, T. C. Pharaoh, J. H. Ten Veen, M. Ter Borgh, K. Van Ojik, R. M. C. H. Verreussel, J. M. Verweij and G.-J. Vis / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 494, 22 August 2019, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP494-2018-178 --- 19 August 2019 --- Preliminary assessment of dolomite stringers in the Upper Jurassic Farsund Formation as a potential unconventional hydrocarbon reservoir / Laura Galluccio, Nicolas Foote, Meriem Bertouche, Boris Kostic and Andrea James / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 494, 19 August 2019, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP494-2018-184 --- Influence of glaciations on North Sea petroleum systems / Sergei Medvedev, Ebbe H. Hartz, Daniel W. Schmid, Erik Zakariassen and Per Varhaug / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 494, 19 August 2019, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP494-2018-183 --- 17 July 2019 --- Exploration Performance in the UK and Norwegian North Sea / Keith Myers, Pierrick Rouillard and Edwige Zanella / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 494, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP494-2018-193
    Edition: online first
    URL: https://sp.lyellcollection.org/online-first/494
    Language: English
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  • 2
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    Cross-Border Themes in Petroleum Geology II: Atlantic Margin and Barents Sea (2019)
    London : The Geological Society
    Details
    Keywords: Atlantic Margin ; Barents Sea ; stratigraphy ; sedimentology ; tectonics ; oil exploration ; gas exploration
    Description / Table of Contents: 12 September 2019 --- Influence of structural highs on Triassic deposition on the western Barents Shelf / I. Anell, K. Indrevær and C. S. Serck / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 495, 12 September 2019, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP495-2018-76 --- 27 August 2019 --- Tectonic, provenance and sedimentological controls on reservoir characteristics in the Upper Triassic–Middle Jurassic Realgrunnen Subgroup, SW Barents Sea / Tore Grane Klausen, Reidar Müller, Miquel Poyatos-Moré, Snorre Olaussen and Eirik Stueland / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 495, 27 August 2019, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP495-2018-165 --- 14 August 2019 --- Normal fault geometric attribute variations with lithology: examples from the Norwegian Barents Sea / A. Libak, A. Torabi and B. Alaei / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 495, 30 July 2019, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP495-2018-164 --- 19 July 2019 --- Fractured basement play development on the UK and Norwegian rifted margins / Robert Trice, Cecilie Hiorth and Robert Holdsworth / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 495, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP495-1
    Edition: online first
    URL: https://sp.lyellcollection.org/online-first/495
    Language: English
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Normal faulting as a control on the stratigraphic development of shallow marine syn-rift sequences: the Nukhul and Lower Rudeis Formations, Hammam Faraun fault block, Suez Rift, Egypt (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Sedimentology 52 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3091
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Tectono-stratigraphic analysis of the East Tanka fault zone (ETFZ), Suez Rift, indicates that the evolution of normal fault segments was an important control on syn-rift depositional patterns and sequence stratigraphy. Sedimentological and stratigraphic analysis of the Nukhul Formation indicates that it was deposited in a narrow (ca 1–2 km), elongate (ca 5 km), fault-bounded, tidally influenced embayment during the low subsidence rift-initiation phase. The Nukhul Formation is composed of transgressive (TST) and highstand (HST) systems tract couplets interpreted as reflecting fault-driven subsidence and the continuous creation of accommodation in the hangingwall to the ETFZ. The overlying Lower Rudeis Formation was deposited during the high subsidence rift-climax phase, and is composed of forced regressive systems tract (FRST) shallow marine sandbodies, and TST to HST offshore mudstones. Activity on the ETFZ led to marked spatial variability in stratal stacking patterns, systems tracts and key stratal surfaces, as footwall uplift, coupled with regressive marine erosion during deposition of FRST sandbodies, led to the removal of intervening TST–HST mudstone-dominated units, and the amalgamation of FRST sandbodies and the stratal surfaces bounding these units in the footwall. This study indicates that the evolution of normal fault segments over relatively short (i.e. 〈1 km) length-scales has the potential to enhance or suppress a eustatic sea-level signal, leading to marked spatial variations in stratal stacking patterns, systems tracts and key stratal surfaces. Crucially, these variations in sequence stratigraphic evolution may occur within time-equivalent stratal units, thus caution must be exercised when attempting to correlate syn-rift depositional units based solely on stratal stacking patterns. Furthermore, local, tectonically controlled variations in relative sea level can give rise to syn-rift stacking patterns which are counterintuitive in the context of the structural setting and perceived regional subsidence rates.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3091.2005.00699.x
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  • 4
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    Application of three-dimensional seismic data to documenting the scale, geometry and distribution of soft-sediment features in sedimentary basins: an example from the Lomre Terrace, offshore Norway (2007)
    In:  Geological Society Special Publication 277: 253-267.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-10-08
    Description: Three-dimensional seismic data are used to document the geometry, scale and distribution of soft-sediment deformation features in the post-rift succession of the Lomre Terrace, offshore Norway. In the Cretaceous to Upper Oligocene succession a polygonal fault network, developed in the in response to compaction and dewatering of the interval, was mapped using dip and azimuth grid-based attributes. In the same stratigraphic interval a series of chaotic seismic reflection packages are developed which are visualized using a volume-based seismic coherency attribute and interpreted as the seismic expression of mobilized mud masses. Immediately overlying the mobilized mud masses are a series of fault-bounded depressions that are interpreted to have formed in response to deflation of the mobilized mud masses caused by loading of the overlying succession. A series of shallow, curvilinear erosion surfaces are present on the seismic horizon bounding the top of the Pliocene succession and represent iceberg-keel plough marks. This study demonstrates that interpretation and visualization of three-dimensional seismic data coupled with attribute analysis provide valuable insights into soft-sediment deformation features in sedimentary basins, in particular the scale, geometry and distribution of such features and their temporal and spatial inter-relationships.
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  • 5
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    Deep-Water Sediment Bypass (2015)
    Society for Sedimentary Geology (SEPM)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-09-26
    Description: :  Submarine gravity flows are a key process for transporting large volumes of sediment from the continents to the deep sea. The location, volume, and character of the sediment bypassed by these flows dictates the areal extent and thickness of the associated deposits. Despite its importance, sediment bypass is poorly understood in terms of flow processes and the associated stratigraphic expression. We first examine the relationships between the physical parameters that govern bypass in flows, before assessing the variable stratigraphic expression of bypass from modern seafloor, outcrop, and subsurface datasets. Theoretical and numerical approaches distinguish grain size, slope, flow size, and sediment concentration as parameters that exert major controls on flow bypass. From field data, a suite of criteria are established to recognize bypass in the geological record. We identify four bypass-dominated zones, each of which is associated with a set of diagnostic criteria: slope-channel bypass, slope-bypass from mass wasting events, base-of-slope bypass, and basin-floor bypass. As the expression of bypass varies spatially and is dependent on the scale of observation, a range of scale-dependent criteria are required for robust interpretation of these zones in the field or subsurface. This synthesis of deep-water sediment bypass highlights the challenge in quantitatively linking process with product. The establishment of criteria to recognize sediment bypass, qualitatively linked with flow processes, is an important step towards improving our understanding of submarine flow dynamics and resultant stratigraphic architecture.
    Print ISSN: 1527-1404
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Society for Sedimentary Geology (SEPM)
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  • 6
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    Understanding the kinematics of salt-bearing passive margins: A critical test of competing hypotheses for the origin of the Albian Gap, Santos Basin, offshore Brazil (2015)
    Geological Society of America (GSA)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-10-28
    Description: Thin-skinned gravitational gliding and spreading drive deformation on salt-bearing passive margins. Such margins typically have an updip extensional domain kinematically linked to a downdip contractional domain. However, calculating magnitudes of extension and shortening in salt-bearing margins is difficult because the initial widths of diapirs are uncertain. Extension and shortening may be cryptic, being hidden in widening or shortening of diapirs. This uncertainty can lead to controversy in regional analysis. The Santos Basin, offshore Brazil, contains a prime example of this uncertainty in the form of an enigmatic structure known as the "Albian Gap," a zone up to 75 km wide within which the Albian section is missing. The Albian Gap has been variably interpreted as the product of post-Albian extensional faulting (the extension model) or as an Albian salt structure evacuated in response to loading by post-Albian sediments (the expulsion model). We evaluate these two models by: (1) structurally restoring a regional seismic-reflection profile across the Albian Gap using both models; (2) quantitatively analyzing the geometry of the Upper Cretaceous rollover overlying the Albian Gap; and (3) synthesizing and critically evaluating arguments previously advanced in support of extension or expulsion. We propose a revised model for the evolution of the Albian Gap that invokes Albian thin-skinned extension and post-Albian salt expulsion. Our approach shows that critical analysis of geological observations from borehole-constrained seismic-reflection data can be used to assess the relative roles of the key processes in the deformation of salt-bearing passive margins.
    Print ISSN: 0016-7606
    Electronic ISSN: 1943-2674
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Geological Society of America (GSA)
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  • 7
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    Early synrift reservoir development on the flanks of extensional forced folds: A seismic-scale outcrop analog from the Hadahid fault system, Suez rift, Egypt (2015)
    American Association of Petroleum Geologists (AAPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-06-02
    Description: Forced folds typically develop above the tips of propagating normal faults in rifts that contain thick, prerift salt or mudstone sequences. This structural style is associated with the deposition of wedge-shaped synrift deposits that thin and onlap toward monoclinal growth folds overlying the vertically restricted fault tips. Subtle stratigraphic traps may develop on the flanks of these folds although, because of limited seismic resolution and sparse well data, the architecture, thickness, and distribution of these early synrift reservoirs are difficult to predict. To improve our understanding of early synrift reservoir development on the flanks of forced folds, we focus on seismic-scale outcrop analogs along the Hadahid fault system, Suez rift, Egypt. Our data indicate that forced folding dominated during early rifting and that the onset of folding was diachronous along strike. Fluvial systems incised the rotating monocline limbs, leading to the formation of valley-like erosional relief along the base synrift unconformity. Reservoir-prone fluvial facies are only locally developed along the forced-fold flank, with their distribution related to the degree of sediment bypass downdip into the adjacent basin. Early synrift relief not filled by fluvial strata was backfilled by transgressive, tidally influenced, reservoir-prone facies, with carbonates being locally developed in areas of low clastic sediment supply. Further extension and fault-tip propagation led to amplification of the forced folds, and deposition of shallow marine-to-shelf parasequences that became thinner toward the growing folds. Although displaying greater strike continuity than the underlying fluvial or tidal reservoirs, shoreface sandstone reservoirs amalgamate onto the flanks of the forced folds and may be absent toward the fold crest. This seismic-scale outcrop analog helps us better understand the subseismic stratigraphic architecture and facies distributions of early synrift reservoirs on the flanks of extensional forced folds. Observations from this and other well-exposed outcrop analogs should help reduce subsurface uncertainty and risk when exploring for hitherto under-explored, subtle, early synrift stratigraphic traps.
    Print ISSN: 0149-1423
    Electronic ISSN: 0149-1423
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by American Association of Petroleum Geologists (AAPG)
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  • 8
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    The influence of normal fault geometry on igneous sill emplacement and morphology (2013)
    Geological Society of America (GSA)
    In: Geology
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-03-22
    Description: Magma flow within the subsurface is heavily influenced by the pre-existing structure of the upper crust. During continental rifting, normal faults modify the geometry of igneous networks by providing preferential pathways for the intrusion of magma. However, the way in which magma intrudes into fault planes is poorly understood. Here, we quantitatively document the relationship between fault architecture and intrusion distribution and geometry using three-dimensional seismic reflection data from the Exmouth Sub-basin, offshore northwest Australia. Inclined segments of saucer-shaped sills intrude several faults along convex-into-the-hangingwall fault-plane corrugations. We suggest that stress field perturbations associated with the fault-plane corrugations provide suitable conditions for fault reactivation as magma conduits. Pre-existing faults also modify sill geometries through the offset of stratigraphic horizons that may be preferentially intruded, potentially resulting in the formation of a new sill or the development of minor intrusive steps. This work emphasizes the importance of the pre-existing structural template in controlling the growth and final geometry of intrusive networks.
    Print ISSN: 0091-7613
    Electronic ISSN: 1943-2682
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Geological Society of America (GSA)
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  • 9
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    Spatial distribution and evolution of fault-segment boundary types in rift systems: observations from experimental clay models (2016)
    Geological Society (of London)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-04-02
    Description: Fault-segment boundaries initiate, evolve and die as a result of the propagation, interaction and linkage of normal faults during crustal extension. However, little is known about the distribution, evolution and controls on the development of relay ramps, which are the key structures developed at synthetic segment boundaries. In this study, we use a series of scaled physical models (wet clay) to investigate the distribution and evolution of fault-segment boundaries within an evolving normal-fault population during orthogonal extension. From the models, we can establish a simple geometrical classification for segment boundaries, analyse their spatial and temporal evolution, and identify key factors that influence their variability. Development of overlapping fault tips is a prerequisite for fault growth via segment linkage. Synthetic segment boundaries are the most common segment boundary type developed in the models. The proportion of synthetic segment boundaries in the total fault population increases with increasing strain, whereas conjugate (antithetic) segment boundaries are very rare. Hanging-wall-breached relay ramps are the most common type (〉70%) of breached-segment boundary, followed by footwall-breached relay ramps (〈25%). Transfer faults are uncommon in our models. The type of breached segment boundary that develops cannot be predicted based on fault overlap to fault spacing aspect ratio alone. Instead, we show that fault linkage occurs in a range of styles across a wide range of fault overlap to fault spacing ratios (1:1–7:1). Furthermore, we show that fault spacing is constrained by stress-reduction shadows at the time of fault nucleation, whereas fault overlap changes during fault growth and interaction. Our study thus shows that scaled physical models are a powerful tool to assess the style, distribution and controls on the evolution of synthetic segment boundaries developing in rifts. Predictions from these models must now be assessed with data from natural examples exposed in the field or imaged in the subsurface.
    Print ISSN: 0305-8719
    Electronic ISSN: 2041-4927
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Geological Society (of London)
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  • 10
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    Lateral magma flow in mafic sill complexes (2016)
    Geological Society of America (GSA)
    In: Geosphere
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-05-29
    Description: The structure of upper crustal magma plumbing systems controls the distribution of volcanism and influences tectonic processes. However, delineating the structure and volume of plumbing systems is difficult because (1) active intrusion networks cannot be directly accessed; (2) field outcrops are commonly limited; and (3) geophysical data imaging the subsurface are restricted in areal extent and resolution. This has led to models involving the vertical transfer of magma via dikes, extending from a melt source to overlying reservoirs and eruption sites, being favored in the volcanic literature. However, while there is a wealth of evidence to support the occurrence of dike-dominated systems, we synthesize field- and seismic reflection–based observations and highlight that extensive lateral magma transport (as much as 4100 km) may occur within mafic sill complexes. Most of these mafic sill complexes occur in sedimentary basins (e.g., the Karoo Basin, South Africa), although some intrude crystalline continental crust (e.g., the Yilgarn craton, Australia), and consist of interconnected sills and inclined sheets. Sill complex emplacement is largely controlled by host-rock lithology and structure and the state of stress. We argue that plumbing systems need not be dominated by dikes and that magma can be transported within widespread sill complexes, promoting the development of volcanoes that do not overlie the melt source. However, the extent to which active volcanic systems and rifted margins are underlain by sill complexes remains poorly constrained, despite important implications for elucidating magmatic processes, melt volumes, and melt sources.
    Electronic ISSN: 1553-040X
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Geological Society of America (GSA)
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