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  • 1
    Keywords: clay ; radioactive waste
    Description / Table of Contents: Simon Norris: Radioactive waste confinement: clays in natural and engineered barriers – introduction / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 443:1-8, first published on March 1, 2017, doi:10.1144/SP443.26 --- Large-scale geological characterization --- K. Vandersteen, B. Leterme, and M. Gedeon: Regional aquifer hydrogeochemistry in the confined aquifer system below the Boom Clay (NE Belgium): data analysis and modelling / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 443:9-28, first published on June 22, 2016, doi:10.1144/SP443.7 --- Peter Gravesen, Stig A. Schack Pedersen, Bertel Nilsson, and Merete Binderup: An assessment of Palaeogene and Neogene clay deposits in Denmark as possible host rocks for final disposal of low- and intermediate-level radioactive waste / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 443:29-38, first published on June 22, 2016, doi:10.1144/SP443.3 --- General strategy for clay-based disposal systems --- S. Doudou, E. J. Harvey, P. J. Richardson, S. M. Wickham, P. Van Marcke, D. Raymaekers, and W. Wacquier: Approaches to evaluate and underpin the technical feasibility of the Belgian disposal concept / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 443:39-48, first published on June 24, 2016, doi:10.1144/SP443.11 --- S. Doudou, M. J. White, M. Johnson, J.-M. Bosgiraud, and Pär Grahm: DOPAS full-scale experiments: approaches to compliance assessment / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 443:49-58, first published on August 26, 2016, doi:10.1144/SP443.16 --- Jiří Svoboda, Jaroslav Pacovský, Markéta Dvořáková, Irena Hanusová, Petr Večerník, and Dagmar Trpkošová: DOPAS EPSP experiment / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 443:59-72, first published on August 26, 2016, doi:10.1144/SP443.17 --- Dagmar Trpkošová, Petr Večerník, Jenny Gondolli, Václava Havlová, Jiří Svoboda, and Irena Hanusová: Laboratory experiments on bentonite pellet saturation / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 443:73-83, first published on November 3, 2016, doi:10.1144/SP443.22 --- Geomechanics --- Hua Shao, Sebastian Göthling, Wenting Liu, Jürgen Hesser, Jacques Morel, and Jürgen Sönnke: Quantitative characterization of the excavation damaged zone fracture network in the Meuse/Haute-Marne Underground Research Laboratory: in situ experiment and numerical interpretation of helium injection test / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 443:85-96, first published on October 13, 2016, doi:10.1144/SP443.21 --- Xueqing Su, Son Nguyen, Ehsan Haghighat, Stanislaw Pietruszczak, Denis Labrie, Jean-Dominique Barnichon, and Hadj Abdi: Characterizing the mechanical behaviour of the Tournemire argillite / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 443:97-113, first published on October 12, 2016, doi:10.1144/SP443.20 --- L.-M. Guayacán-Carrillo, J. Sulem, D. M. Seyedi, S. Ghabezloo, A. Noiret, and G. Armand: Convergence analysis of an unsupported micro-tunnel at the Meuse/Haute-Marne Underground Research Laboratory / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 443:115-125, first published on December 20, 2016, doi:10.1144/SP443.24 --- Andrés Alcolea, Uli Kuhlmann, Paul Marschall, Andrea Lisjak, Giovanni Grasselli, Omid Mahabadi, Rémi de La Vaissière, Helen Leung, and Hua Shao: A pragmatic approach to abstract the excavation damaged zone around tunnels of a geological radioactive waste repository: application to the HG-A experiment in Mont Terri / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 443:127-147, first published on June 24, 2016, doi:10.1144/SP443.8 --- Hua Shao, Benjamin Paul, Xuerui Wang, Jürgen Hesser, Jens Becker, Benoit Garitte, and Herwig Müller: The influence of different supports on the properties of the excavation damaged zone along the FE tunnel in the Mont Terri Underground Rock Laboratory / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 443:149-157, first published on September 26, 2016, doi:10.1144/SP443.18 --- Mass transfer --- S. M'Jahad, C. A. Davy, F. Skoczylas, and J. Talandier: Characterization of transport and water retention properties of damaged Callovo-Oxfordian claystone / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 443:159-177, first published on December 22, 2016, doi:10.1144/SP443.23 --- P. Jean-Baptiste, B. Lavielle, E. Fourre, T. Smith, and M. Pagel: Vertical distribution of helium and 40Ar/36Ar in porewaters of the Eastern Paris Basin (Bure/Haute-Marne): constraints on transport processes through the sedimentary sequence / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 443:179-192, first published on December 21, 2016, doi:10.1144/SP443.25 --- Kateřina Kolomá and Radek Červinka: Study of 85Sr transport through a column filled with crushed granite in the presence of bentonite colloids / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 443:193-203, first published on July 8, 2016, doi:10.1144/SP443.14 --- M. Aertsens, L. Van Laer, N. Maes, and J. Govaerts: An improved model for through-diffusion experiments: application to strontium and tritiated water (HTO) diffusion in Boom Clay and compacted illite / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 443:205-210, first published on June 24, 2016, doi:10.1144/SP443.9 --- Shuo Meng and Wilfried Pfingsten: Multispecies random walk simulations in radial symmetry: model concept, benchmark, and application to HTO, 22Na and 36Cl diffusion in clay / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 443:211-224, first published on August 18, 2016, doi:10.1144/SP443.15 --- Philipp Schaedle, Thomas Kaempfer, Guillaume Pépin, Jacques Wendling, and Juergen Brommundt: Combining high-resolution two-phase with simplified single-phase simulations in order to optimize the performance of PA/SA simulations for a deep geological repository for radioactive waste / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 443:225-234, first published on June 22, 2016, doi:10.1144/SP443.4 --- Erdem Toprak, Sebastia Olivella, and Xavier Pintado: Coupled THM modelling of engineered barriers for the final disposal of spent nuclear fuel isolation / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 443:235-251, first published on September 26, 2016, doi:10.1144/SP443.19 --- Olivier Bildstein, Jean-Éric Lartigue, Michel L. Schlegel, Christian Bataillon, Benoît Cochepin, Isabelle Munier, and Nicolas Michau: Gaining insight into corrosion processes from numerical simulations of an integrated iron-claystone experiment / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 443:253-267, first published on June 22, 2016, doi:10.1144/SP443.2 --- Bentonite evolution --- Klaus-Peter Kröhn: Bentonite re-saturation: different conceptual models – similar mathematical descriptions / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 443:269-279, first published on July 6, 2016, doi:10.1144/SP443.12 --- F. Dolder, U. Mäder, A. Jenni, and B. Münch: Alteration of MX-80 bentonite backfill material by high-pH cementitious fluids under lithostatic conditions – an experimental approach using core infiltration techniques / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 443:281-305, first published on June 24, 2016, doi:10.1144/SP443.10 --- Heini M. Reijonen and Nuria Marcos: Chemical erosion of the bentonite buffer: do we observe it in nature? / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 443:307-317, first published on June 24, 2016, doi:10.1144/SP443.13 --- Gas transfer --- Luc-Vincent Bénet, Étienne Blaud, and Jacques Wendling: Modelling of water and gas flow through an excavation damaged zone in the Callovo-Oxfordian argillites in the framework of a single porosity model / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 443:319-332, first published on June 24, 2016, doi:10.1144/SP443.6 --- Jan Smutek, Lucie Hausmannova, and Jiri Svoboda: The gas permeability, breakthrough behaviour and re-sealing ability of Czech Ca–Mg bentonite / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 443:333-348, first published on June 22, 2016, doi:10.1144/SP443.5 --- E. Jacops, N. Maes, C. Bruggeman, and A. Grade: Measuring diffusion coefficients of dissolved He and Ar in three potential clay host formations: Boom Clay, Callovo-Oxfordian Clay and Opalinus Clay / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 443:349-360, first published on June 22, 2016, doi:10.1144/SP443.1
    Pages: Online-Ressource (370 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9781786202734
    Language: English
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  • 2
    Keywords: radioactive waste
    Description / Table of Contents: Multiple roles of clays in radioactive waste confinement – introduction / Simon Norris / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 482, 1-9, 10 May 2019, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP482-2019-4 --- Identification of log units in clay rock formations based on local and spatial statistics of well-log properties: application to the Opalinus claystone in the Benken borehole / Alain Rabaute, Michel H. Garcia and Jens Becker / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 482, 11-24, 1 February 2019, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP482-2018-22 --- Automatic interpretation of geophysical well logs / Andrés Alcolea Rodríguez, Paul Marschall, Christophe Nussbaum and Jens Karl Becker / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 482, 25-38, 21 September 2018, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP482.9 --- A prediction–evaluation approach to the full-scale emplacement experiment (FE) in Mont Terri / A. Papafotiou, R. Senger, C. Li, A. Singh, B. Garitte, H. Müller and P. Marschall / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 482, 39-73, 8 November 2018, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP482.10 --- New results of Boda Claystone research: Genesis, mineralogy, geochemistry, petrophysics / Ferenc Fedor, Zoltán Máthé, Péter Ács and Péter Koroncz / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 482, 75-92, 7 December 2018, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP482.13 --- Site screening of clay formations in NW China as host rocks for a high-level radioactive waste disposal repository / Xiaodong Liu, Pinghui Liu, Chaocheng Dai, Shuai Liu, Juzhi Deng, Weimin Zhang and Zheng Yu / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 482, 93-99, 24 January 2019, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP482.17 --- Multiphase flow and underpressured shale at the Bruce nuclear site, Ontario, Canada / Michael R. Plampin and C. E. Neuzil / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 482, 101-114, 7 September 2018, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP482.5 --- Development of a mathematical model for gas migration (two-phase flow) in natural and engineered barriers for radioactive waste disposal / E. E. Dagher, T. S. Nguyen and J. A. Infante Sedano / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 482, 115-148, 29 November 2018, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP482.14 --- A workflow for parametric sensitivity analysis of heat and gas release from a deep geological repository for SF/HLW / Alexandros Papafotiou, Argha Namhata, Abhishek Singh, Mark Williams, Marius Jigmond and Paul Marschall / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 482, 149-173, 7 September 2018, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP482.2 --- A study of methods to prevent piping and erosion in buffer materials intended for a vertical deposition hole at the Horonobe Underground Research Laboratory / Mayumi Jo, Makoto Ono, Masashi Nakayama, Hidekazu Asano and Tomoko Ishii / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 482, 175-190, 21 September 2018, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP482.7 --- Preliminary results for natural groundwater colloids in sedimentary rocks of the Horonobe Underground Research Laboratory, Hokkaido, Japan / Hiroshi Sasamoto and Shingo Onda / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 482, 191-203, 7 September 2018, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP482.1 --- A resistivity-based approach to determining the rates of groundwater seepage into buffer materials / T. Ishii, M. Kawakubo, H. Asano, I. Kobayashi, P. Sellin, D. Luterkort and P. Eriksson / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 482, 205-212, 24 January 2019, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP482.16 --- Self-sealing of claystone under X-ray nanotomography / Richard Giot, Christophe Auvray and Jean Talandier / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 482, 213-223, 7 September 2018, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP482.4 --- Kinetics of selenite interactions with Boom Clay: adsorption–reduction interplay / Alwina L. Hoving, Melanie A. Münch, Christophe Bruggeman, Dipanjan Banerjee and Thilo Behrends / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 482, 225-239, 12 March 2019, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP482-2018-60 --- Modelling the Prototype Repository / V. Tsitsopoulos, S. Baxter, D. Holton, J. Dodd, S. Williams and S. Thompson / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 482, 241-260, 7 December 2018, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP482.15 --- Conceptual uncertainties in modelling the interaction between engineered and natural barriers of nuclear waste repositories in crystalline rocks / S. Finsterle, B. Lanyon, M. Åkesson, S. Baxter, M. Bergström, N. Bockgård, W. Dershowitz, B. Dessirier, A. Frampton, Å. Fransson, A. Gens, B. Gylling, I. Hančilová, D. Holton, J. Jarsjö, J.-S. Kim, K.-P. Kröhn, D. Malmberg, V. M. Pulkkanen, A. Sawada, A. Sjöland, U. Svensson, P. Vidstrand and H. Viswanathan / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 482, 261-283, 7 December 2018, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP482.12 --- Predictions of the wetting of bentonite emplaced in a crystalline rock based on generic site characterization data / S. Baxter, D. Holton, S. Williams and S. Thompson / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 482, 285-300, 7 September 2018, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP482.8 --- Analysis of corrosion mechanisms of carbon steel in contact with FEBEX bentonite / Masao Uyama, Takashi Hitomi, Sayaka Hayagane, Naoe Kadota, Hiroyuki Saito, Sho Okamoto, Kazuki Aoshima and Motoaki Osawa / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 482, 301-312, 12 March 2019, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP482-2018-6 --- Safety concept, FEP catalogue and scenario development as fundamentals of a long-term safety demonstration for high-level waste repositories in German clay formations / A. Lommerzheim, M. Jobmann, A. Meleshyn, S. Mrugalla, A. Rübel and L. Stark / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 482, 313-329, 21 September 2018, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP482.6 --- Preliminary non-intrusive geophysical electrical resistivity tomography surveys of a mock-up scale monitoring of an engineered barrier system at URL Tournemire / Bruna de Carvalho Faria Lima Lopes, Cédric Sachet, Philippe Sentenac, Vojtěch Beneš, Pierre Dick, Johan Bertrand and Alessandro Tarantino / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 482, 331-345, 21 September 2018, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP482.11 --- The Enhanced Sealing Project (ESP): 2009–17 monitoring of a full-scale shaft seal installed in granitic rock / D. Dixon, D. Priyanto, J. Hansen, R. Farhoud and A. ŽivkoviĆ / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 482, 347-359, 7 September 2018, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP482.3
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VI, 367 Seiten) , Illustrationen, Diagramme
    ISBN: 9781786204042
    Language: English
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  • 3
    Keywords: computer tomography; X-ray analysis
    Description / Table of Contents: Applications of X-ray computed tomography in the geosciences / F. Mees, R. Swennen, M. Van Geet and P. Jacobs / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 215, 1-6, 1 January 2003, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2003.215.01.01 --- Applications of high-resolution X-ray computed tomography in petrology, meteoritics and palaeontology / W. D. Carlson, T. Rowe, R. A. Ketcham and M. W. Colbert / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 215, 7-22, 1 January 2003, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2003.215.01.02 --- Computed tomography in petroleum engineering research / S. Akin and A. R. Kovscek / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 215, 23-38, 1 January 2003, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2003.215.01.03 --- Study of the microgeometry of porous materials using synchrotron computed microtomography / K. W. Jones, H. Feng, W. B. Lindquist, P. M. Adler, J. F. Thovert, B. Vekemans, L. Vincze, I. Szaloki, R. Van Grieken, F. Adams and C. Riekel / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 215, 39-49, 1 January 2003, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2003.215.01.04 --- Porosity measurements of sedimentary rocks by means of microfocus X-ray computed tomography (μCT) / M. Van Geet, D. Lagrou and R. Swennen / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 215, 51-60, 1 January 2003, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2003.215.01.05 --- Quantitative characterization of fracture apertures using microfocus computed tomography / K. Vandersteen, B. Busselen, K. Van Den Abeele and J. Carmeliet / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 215, 61-68, 1 January 2003, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2003.215.01.06 --- Three-dimensional visualization of fractures in rock test samples, simulating deep level mining excavations, using X-ray computed tomography / E. Sellers, A. Vervoort and J. Van Cleynenbreugel / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 215, 69-80, 1 January 2003, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2003.215.01.07 --- Geostatistics and the representative elementary volume of gamma ray tomography attenuation in rock cores / J. R. Vogel and G. O. Brown / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 215, 81-93, 1 January 2003, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2003.215.01.08 --- Porosity and fluid flow characterization of granite by capillary wetting using X-ray computed tomography / Y. Géraud, F. Surma and F. Mazerolle / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 215, 95-105, 1 January 2003, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2003.215.01.09 --- Direct imaging of fluid flow in fault-related rocks by X-ray CT / T. Hirono, M. Takahashi and S. Nakashima / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 215, 107-115, 1 January 2003, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2003.215.01.10 --- Rock drying tests monitored by X-ray computed tomography — the effect of saturation methods on drying behaviour / B. Rousset-Tournier, F. Mazerolle, Y. Géraud and D. Jeannette / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 215, 117-125, 1 January 2003, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2003.215.01.11 --- Characterization by X-ray computed tomography of water absorption in a limestone used as building stone in the Oviedo Cathedral (Spain) / V. G. Ruiz de Argandoña, A. Rodriguez-Rey, C. Celorio, L. Calleja and L. M. Suárez del Rio / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 215, 127-134, 1 January 2003, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2003.215.01.12 --- Estimation of porosity and hydraulic conductivity from X-ray CT-measured solute breakthrough / S. H. Anderson, H. Wang, R. L. Peyton and C. J. Gantzer / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 215, 135-149, 1 January 2003, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2003.215.01.13 --- Assessment of soil structure using X-ray computed tomography / H. Rogasik, I. Onasch, J. Brunotte, D. Jegou and O. Wendroth / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 215, 151-165, 1 January 2003, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2003.215.01.14 --- 3D soil image characterization applied to hydraulic properties computation / J. F. Delerue, E. Perrier, A. Timmerman and R. Swennen / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 215, 167-176, 1 January 2003, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2003.215.01.15 --- Evaluation of local porosity changes in limestone samples under triaxial stress field by using X-ray computed tomography / C. O. Karacan, A. S. Grader and P. M. Halleck / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 215, 177-189, 1 January 2003, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2003.215.01.16 --- Monitoring void ratio redistribution during continuous undrained triaxial compression by X-ray computed tomography / P. R. Thomson and R. C. K. Wong / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 215, 191-198, 1 January 2003, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2003.215.01.17 --- The use of X-ray computed tomography in the investigation of the settlement behaviour of compacted mudrock / M. A. O’Neill, A. K. Goodwin and W. F. Anderson / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 215, 199-204, 1 January 2003, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2003.215.01.18 --- Industrial X-ray computed tomography studies of lake sediment drill cores / A. Flisch and A. Becker / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 215, 205-212, 1 January 2003, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2003.215.01.19 --- Analysis of analogue models by helical X-ray computed tomography / G. Schreurs, R. Hänni, M. Panien and P. Vock / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 215, 213-223, 1 January 2003, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2003.215.01.20 --- Preliminary microfocus X-ray computed tomography survey of echinoid fossil microstructure / S. R. Stock and A. Veis / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 215, 225-235, 1 January 2003, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2003.215.01.21
    Pages: Online-Ressource (243 Seiten) , Illustrationen, Diagramme, Karten
    ISBN: 9781862394636
    Language: English
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1365-3091
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: This paper examines the diagenetic history of dual (i.e. matrix and fracture) porosity reservoir lithologies in Cretaceous to Eocene carbonate turbidites of the Ionian fold and thrust belt, close to the oil-producing centre of Fier–Ballsh (central Albania). The first major diagenetic event controlling reservoir quality was early cementation by isopachous and syntaxial low-Mg calcite. These cements formed primarily around crinoid and rudist fragments, which acted as nucleation sites. In sediments in which these bioclasts are the major rock constituent, this cement can make up 30% of the rock volume, resulting in low effective porosity. In strata in which these bioclasts are mixed with reworkedmicrite, isopachous/syntaxial cements stabilized the framework, and matrixporosity is around 15%. The volumetric importance of these cements, their optical and luminescence character (distribution and dull orange luminescence) and stable isotopic signal (δ18O and δ13C averaging respectively; −0·5‰ VPDB and +2‰ VPDB) all support a marine phreatic origin. Within these turbidites and debris flows, several generations of fractures alternated with episodes of cementation. A detailed reconstruction of this history was based on cross-cutting relationships of fractures and compactional and layer-parallel shortening (LPS) stylolites. The prefolding calcite veins possess orange cathodoluminescence similar to that of the host rock. Their stable isotope signatures (δ18O of −3·86 to −0·85‰ VPDB and δ13C of – 0·14 to + 2·98‰ VPDB) support a closed diagenetic rock-buffered system. A similar closed system accounts for the selectively reopened and subsequently calcite-cemented LPS stylolites (δ18O of −1·81 to −1·14‰ VPDB and δ13C of +1·52 to +2·56‰ VPDB). Within the prefolding veins, brecciated host rock fragments and complex textures such as crack and seal features resulted from hydraulic fracturing. They reflect expulsion of overpressured fluids within the footwall of the frontal thrusts. After folding and thrust sheet emplacement, some calcite veins are still rock buffered (δ18O of −0·96 to +0·2‰ VPDB and δ13C of +0·79 to +1·37‰ VPDB), whereas others reflect external (i.e. extraformational) and thus large-scale fluid fluxes. Some of these veins are linked to basement-derived fluid circulation or originated from fluid flow along evaporitic décollement horizons (δ18O around +3·0‰ VPDB and δ13C around +1·5‰ VPDB). Others are related to the maturation of hydrocarbons in the system (δ18O around −7·1‰ VPDB and δ13C around +9·3‰ VPDB). An open joint system reflecting an extensional stress regime developed during or after the final folding stage. This joint system enhanced vertical connectivity. This open joint network can be explained by the high palaeotopographical position and the folding of the reservoir analogue within the deformational front. The joint system is pre-Burdigalian in age based upon a dated karstified discordance contact. Sediment-filled karst cavity development is linked to meteoric water infiltration during emergence of some of the structures. Despite its sediment fill, the karst network is locally an important contributor to reservoir matrix porosity in otherwise tight lithologies. Development of secondary porosity along bed-parallel and bed-perpendicular (i.e. layer-parallel shortening) stylolites is interpreted as a late-stage diagenetic event associated with migration of acidic fluids during hydrocarbon maturation. Development of porosity along the LPS system enhanced the vertical reservoir connectivity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2003-01-01
    Description: Porosity of reservoir rocks is an important petrophysical characteristic, used as a basic parameter in simulation studies for predicting reservoir quality. An extensive debate continues about the techniques that are available for porosity measurements and visualization. One aspect is the fact that petrophysical measurements are performed on volumetric samples, whereas classical geological petrography using a petrographical microscope is restricted to 2D analysis. This leads to a discrepancy between petrographical and petrophysical studies. This paper aims to evaluate microfocus X-ray computed tomography ({micro}CT) as a technique that can link petrography and petrophysics. A short overview of the {micro}CT technique is given, together with a discussion of its limitations, mainly due to artefacts. Optimization of image quality and procedures for quantification are outlined. {micro}CT results for porosity measurements of a limestone and a sandstone are compared with results obtained by other techniques.
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2016-10-08
    Description: Concrete and bentonite are being considered as engineered barriers for the deep geological disposal of high-level radioactive waste in argillaceous rocks. Three hydrothermal laboratory experiments of different scalable complexity were performed to improve our knowledge of the formation of calcium aluminate silicate hydrates (C-A-S-H) at the interface between the two materials: concrete-bentonite transport columns, lime mortar-bentonite transport columns and a portlandite- (bentonite and montmorillonite) batch experiment. Precipitation of C-A-S-H was observed in all experiments. Acicular and fibrous morphologies with certain laminar characteristics were observed which had smaller Ca/Si and larger Al/Si ratios with increasing temperature and lack of accessory minerals. The compositional fields of these C-A-S-H phases formed in the experiments are consistent with Al/(Si+Al) ratios of 0.2–0.3 described in the literature. The most representative calcium silicate hydrate (C-S-H) phase from the montmorillonite–cement interface is Al-tobermorite. Structural analyses revealed a potential intercalation or association of montmorillonite and C-A-S-H phases at the pore scale.
    Print ISSN: 0009-8558
    Electronic ISSN: 1471-8030
    Topics: Geosciences
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2016-10-08
    Description: Many safety functions required of the compacted bentonite buffer in the KBS-3 concept rely on processes influenced by the composition of the pore water. Important safety-relevant processes are related to the bentonite buffer, e.g. swelling, precipitation and dissolution reactions, and transport of water, colloids and ions. One of the methods used in analysing pore water in compacted bentonite is the ‘squeezing technique’. Various possible artefacts which can occur during squeezing, such as mixing of different pore-water types, dissolution of accessory minerals and cation exchange, need special attention. The present work describes the methodology for studying the composition of the non-interlamellar pore water by combining squeezing methods, chemical analyses, microstructure measurements and geochemical modelling. Four different maximum pressures were used to squeeze the compacted bentonite pore water. The origin of the pore water was studied by analysing the bentonite microstructure both before and after squeezing using SAXS and NMR, the cation exchange and dissolution reactions were studied by chemical analyses and geochemical modelling. The pore-water yield increased from 32 to 48 wt.% from the initial amount of pore water in the samples when the maximum squeezing pressure was increased from 60 MPa to 120 MPa. About 35 wt.% of the water collected originated from the interlamellar (IL) pores. The ratio between IL and non-IL pore waters as well as the composition of the squeezed pore water was constant in the squeezing-pressure range used. The results of microstructural measurements by SAXS were in perfect agreement with previous studies ( e.g . Muurinen & Carlsson, 2013 ). The dissolving accessory minerals have an effect on the ratio of the cations in the squeezed solution while the migration of anions in bentonite seems to be diffusion limited. According to geochemical modelling the chloride concentration of the non-IL pore water in compacted bentonite before squeezing was 0.34 M greater than in the squeezed pore water due to the mixing of two main water types.
    Print ISSN: 0009-8558
    Electronic ISSN: 1471-8030
    Topics: Geosciences
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2016-10-08
    Description: One of today's big challenges is to store safely the increasing amount of high-level radioactive waste (HLRW) in the world. In some of the concepts devised for this challenge, bentonite, a natural swelling clay, plays a key role in encasing the canisters containing the waste. The use of bentonite as a geotechnical barrier in HLRW repositories is a new venture; specifications to ensure either optimum performance or that a minimum standard is reached at least do not exist yet. The present study summarizes relevant research and discusses possible HLRW-bentonite specifications. The importance of these specifications for any given repositories has to be assessed on a case by case basis, depending on the concept being employed and any special circumstances for the individual repositories. Ten key issues were identified which were used to discuss bentonite specifications. In some of these key issues the optimum bentonite performance depended more on processing and production (compaction) than on the bentonite type ( e.g. swelling pressure and thermal conductivity). In contrast, in some of the other key issues, the type of bentonite was found to influence possible specifications: the bentonite should not alter its mineral composition or its geotechnical parameters such as the swellability. Therefore, the bentonite should contain neither soluble nor reactive phases ( e.g. organic matter, pyrite, gypsum). The structural Fe content of the smectites should be small because of the lesser stability and greater reactivity of the Fe-rich bentonites. Also, a large layer-charge density of the swelling clay minerals leads to less corrosion at the iron–bentonite interface (relevant if iron canisters are used). The hydraulic conductivity and swelling pressure can be tailored by compaction of the bentonite resulting in different dry densities. From an engineering point of view, a bentonite with least dependence of the hydraulic conductivity/swelling pressure on the dry density would be best. Using a bentonite which has been investigated extensively over many years means less uncertainty compared to unknown materials.
    Print ISSN: 0009-8558
    Electronic ISSN: 1471-8030
    Topics: Geosciences
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2016-10-08
    Description: Alteration of cement–bentonite interfaces and accompanying changes in diffusivity of tritiated water (HTO) was investigated experimentally using intact, hardened cement-paste specimens. The alteration by carbonate solution was accompanied by mineralogical changes at the interface and a decrease in the HTO diffusivity to ~70 ± 7% of the initial value after a 180-day period. Another alteration in contact with compacted bentonite was accompanied by mineralogical changes at the interface and a decrease in the HTO diffusivity to ~71 ± 10% of the initial value after a 600-day period. The changes in the diffusivity were considerably less than those observed for mixed specimens of ground, granulated hardened cement paste and bentonite where the diffusivity decreased to 20% of the initial value over 180 days. The results were extrapolated to 15 y under simple assumptions and showed good agreement with those observed in the cement–argillite interface at Tournemire URL (France). Such an explanation enhances confidence in the assessment of the alteration of cement-bentonite systems and might be a basis for using the data and models obtained in the long-term assessment of radioactive waste disposal.
    Print ISSN: 0009-8558
    Electronic ISSN: 1471-8030
    Topics: Geosciences
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2016-10-08
    Print ISSN: 0009-8558
    Electronic ISSN: 1471-8030
    Topics: Geosciences
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