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Anmerkung: CONTENTS: SECTION I. GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION. - 1. ELEMENTARY THEORY OF SEISMIC REFRACTION AND REFLECTION MEASUREMENTS / BY J. I. EWING. - 1. Introduction. - 2. Reflected waves. - 3. Refracted waves. - 4. Computation of layer velocities and thicknesses. - 5. Shear waves and complex refracted waves. - 6. Some complications and deviations from simple theory. - 2. REFRACTION AND REFLECTION TECHNIQUES AND PROCEDURE / BY G.G. SHOR, JR. - 1. Introduction. - 2. Shooting techniques. - 3. Receiving techniques. - 4. Plan of operations. - 5. Miscellaneous variations. - 6. Reflection methods. - 3. SINGLE-SHIP SEISMIC REFRACTION SHOOTING / BY M. N. HILL. - 1. Introduction. - 2 . Instrumentation. - 3. Operation. - 4 . CONTINUOUS REFLECTION PROFILING / BY J. B. HERSEY. - 1. Introduction. - 2. Design. - 3. Operations at sea. - 4. Results. - 5. Interpretations. - 6. Geophysical measurements. - 7. Concluding remarks. - 5. THE UNCONSOLIDATED SEDIMENTS / BY J. I. EWING AND J. E. NAFE. - 1. Introduction. - 2. Evidence for gradients and low-velocity sediments. - 3. Variable angle reflections. - 4. Normal-incidence reflections. - 5. Summary. - 6. THE CRUSTAL ROCKS / BY R. W. RAITT. - 1. Introduction. - 2. Layer 2. - 3. Layer 3. - 4. Average oceanic crust. - 7. THE MANTLE ROCKS / BY J. I. EWING. - 1. Introduction. - 2. Compressional-wave measurements. - 3. Shear-wave measurements. - 4. Summary. - 8. EXPLORATION OF SUB-OCEANIC STRUCTURE BY THE USE OF SEISMIC SURFACE WAVES / BY J. OLIVER AND J. DORMAN. - 1. Introduction. - 2. The general nature of seismic surface waves. - 3. Evidence from mantle surface waves. - 4. Evidence from crustal surface waves. - 5. Evidence from short-period surface waves. - 9. GRAVITY AT SEA / BY J. LAMAR WORZEL AND J. C. HARRISON. - 1. Introduction. - 2. Methods and theory. - 3. Gravity observations and geological interpretations. - 10. THE MAGNETIC FIELD OVER THE OCEANS / BY E. C. BULLARD AND R. G. MASON. - 1. Historical. - 2. Measurement of the magnetic field at sea. - 3. General features of the field. - 4. Reduction of magnetic observations. - 5. The magnetic properties of submarine rocks. - 6. The magnetic surveys of the north-east Pacific. - 7. The continental shelves. - 8. Seamounts and mid-ocean ridges. - 9. The deep trenches. - 11 . THE FLOW OF HEAT THROUGH THE FLOOR OF THE OCEAN / BY E. C. BULLARD. - 1. Method. - 2. The temperature probe. - 3. The thermal properties of sediments. - 4. The results of heat-flow measurements. - 5. Future work. - SECTION II . TOPOGRAPHY AND STRUCTURE. - 12. TOPOGRAPHY OF THE DEEP-SEA FLOOR / BY BRUCE C. HEEZEN AND H. W. MENARD. - 1 . Introduction. - 2 . Outline of submarine topography. - 3. Summary of submarine topographic forms. - 13. CONTINENTAL SHELF AND SLOPE (CONTINENTAL MARGIN) / BY A. GUILCHER. - 1. Definitions. - 2. Topography of the continental shelf. - 3. Topography of the continental slope. - 4. Structure and origins of the continental margins. - 5. Conclusion. - 14. ABYSSAL PLAINS / BY BRUCE C. HEEZEN AND A. S. LAUGHTON. - 1. Introduction. - 2. Regional description. - 3. Trench abyssal plains. - 4. Archipelagic plains. - 5. Abyssal gaps, interplain channels, mid-ocean canyons and deep-sea channels. - 6. Sediments on the abyssal plains. - 7. Geophysical characteristics. - 8. Theories of the origin of the abyssal plains. - 15. OCEANIC ISLANDS, SEAMOUNTS, GUYOTS AND ATOLLS / BY H. W. MENARD AND H. S. LADD. - 1. Introduction. - 2. Oceanic islands. - 3. Seamounts. - 4. Guyots. - 5. Atolls. - 6. Submerged atolls. - 7. Oceanic volcanoes in geological time. - 8. Importance of islands and seamounts. - 16. THE MID-OCEANIC RIDGE / BY BRUCE C. HEEZEN AND MAURICE EWING. - 1. Introduction. - 2. North Atlantic. - 3. South Atlantic. - 4. Indian Ocean. - 5. Indian and South Pacific Oceans. - 6. Iceland and the Norwegian Sea. - 7. Arctic Basin. - 8. Crustal structure. - 9. Origin. - 17. TRENCHES / BY R. L. FISHER AND H. H. HESS. - 1. Previous work. - 2. Topography of trenches. - 3. Structure of trenches. - 18. MICROTOPOGRAPHY / BY A. S. LAUGHTON. - 1. Introduction. - 2. Classification of microtopographic features. - 19. UNDERWATER PHOTOGRAPHY / BY H. E. EDGERTON. - 1. Introduction. - 2. Camera details. - 3. Cables and winches for cameras. - 20. SUBMARINE CANYONS / BY F. P. SHEPARD. - 1. Introduction. - 2. Classification of submarine valleys. - 3. Canyon descriptions. - 4. East coast U.S. (New England type) canyons. - 5. Trough-shaped valleys. - 6. Delta foreset-slope gullies. - 7. Shallow straight-walled valleys of submarine escarpments. - 8. Origin of submarine canyons. - 9. Subaerial erosion. - 10. Pleistocene canyon cutting by turbidity currents. - SECTION III. SEDIMENTATION. - 21. BEACH AND NEARSHORE PROCESSES. - PART I. MECHANICS OF MARINE SEDIMENTATION / BY R. A. BAGNOLD. - 1. Definition, origin and relevant physical properties. - 2. Transport during fall through the sea. - 3. Transport of sediment over the sea bed. - 4. Transport rate and fluid "power". - 5. Auto-suspension of sediment: turbidity currents , etc. - 6. Wave drift. - 7. Threshold of bed disturbance by fluid action. - PART II. LITTORAL PROCESSES / BY D. L. INMAN AND R. A. BAGNOLD. - 8. Introduction. - 9. Littoral profile: two-dimensional case. - 10. Migration of sand grains by wave action. - 11. Littoral processes: three-dimensional case. - 12. Discussion. - 22. SHALLOW-WATER CARBONATE SEDIMENTS / BY R. N. GINSBURG, R. MICHAEL LLOYD, K. W. STOCKMAN AND J. S. MCCALLUM. - 1. Introduction. - 2. Types of skeletal particles. - 3. Skeletal particles in sediments. - 4. Distribution of skeletal particles. - 5. Discussion of the distribution of skeletal particles. - 6. Non-skeletal particles. - 7. Distribution of non-skeletal particles. - 23. BASIN SEDIMENTATION AND DIAGENESIS / BY I. R. KAPLAN AND S. C. RITTENBERG. - 1. Introduction. - 2. Physical aspects of sedimentation. - 3. Diagenesis in sediments. - 4. Isotopic studies related to biological processes in sediments. - 5. Special problems. - 24. ESTUARIES, DELTAS, SHELF, SLOPE / BY A. GUILCHER. - 1. Estuaries, tidal marshes and flats, and deltas. - 2. Continental shelf. - 3. Continental slope. - 25. PELAGIC SEDIMENTS / BY G. ARRHENIUS. - 1. Concept of pelagic sedimentation. - 2. Composition. - 3. Productivity control of pelagic sedimentation. - 4. Physical stratification. - 5. Topographic and tectonic control of sedimentation. - 26. CLAY-MINERAL DISTRIBUTIONS IN THE PACIFIC OCEAN / BY J. J. GRIFFIN AND E. D. GOLDBERG. - 1. Introduction. - 2. The clay minerals. - 3. Surface distribution of clay minerals. - 4. Vertical distribution. - 5. Summary. - 27. TURBIDITY CURRENTS / BY BRUCE C. HEEZEN. - 1. Early views. - 2. Full-scale experiment. - 3. Alternative explanations. - 4. Physiographic evidence. - 5. Sediments. - 6. Requirements of turbidity currents. - 7. Tectonic significance of turbidity currents. - 8. Biological significance of turbidity currents. - 9. Other processes of deep-sea erosion and transportation. - 10. Conclusion. - 28. ORGANIC TRANSPORTATION OF MARINE SEDIMENTS / BY K. O. EMERY. - 1. Introduction. - 2. Kelp. - 3. Driftwood . - 4. Sea mammals. - 5. Fishes. - 6. Birds. - 7. Invertebrates. - 8. Comparison with inorganic transporting agents. - 9. Criteria for recognition of rafting agent. - 29. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF MARINE SEDIMENTS / BY J. E. NAFE AND C. L. DRAKE. - 1. Introduction. - 2. Relationships among observables. - 3. Methods of measurement. - 4. Summary of results. - 5. Conclusions. - 30. AGE DETERMINATION IN SEDIMENTS BY NATURAL RADIOACTIVITY / BY F. F. KOCZY. - 1. Introduction. - 2. Theoretical considerations. - 3. Geochemical considerations. - 4. Practical methods of age determination. - 5. Rate of sedimentation. - 31. CROSS-CORRELATION OF DEEP-SEA SEDIMENT CORES AND DETERMINATION OF RELATIVE RATES OF SEDIMENTATION BY MICRO-PALEONTOLOGICAL TECHNIQUES / BY D. B. ERICSON. - 1. Introduction. - 2. Methods of correlation. - 3. Time-equivalence of the faunal zones. - 4. Some example