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  • 1
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    Repetitive DNA Sequences (2021)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Repetitive DNA is ubiquitous in eukaryotic genomes, and, in many species, comprises the bulk of the genome. Repeats include transposable elements that can self-mobilize and disperse around the genome, and tandemly-repeated satellite DNAs that increase in copy number due to replication slippage and unequal crossing over. Despite their abundance, repetitive DNA is often ignored in genomic studies due to technical challenges in their identification, assembly, and quantification. New technologies and methods are now providing the unprecedented power to analyze repetitive DNAs across diverse taxa. Repetitive DNA is of particular interest because it can represent distinct modes of genome evolution. Some repetitive DNA forms essential genome structures, such as telomeres and centromeres, which are required for proper chromosome maintenance and segregation, whereas others form piRNA clusters that regulate transposable elements; thus, these elements are expected to evolve under purifying selection. In contrast, other repeats evolve selfishly and produce genetic conflicts with their host species that drive adaptive evolution of host defense systems. However, the majority of repeats likely accumulate in eukaryotes in the absence of selection due to mechanisms of transposition and unequal crossing over. Even these neutral repeats may indirectly influence genome evolution as they reach high abundance. In this Special Issue, the contributing authors explore these questions from a range of perspectives.
    Keywords: QH426-470 ; QH301-705.5 ; Q1-390 ; transgene ; zebra finch ; transcription ; endogenous retrovirus ; transposable element ; centromere drive ; arthropods ; PSR (Paternal sex ratio) ; Alu ; gene evolution ; nuclear rDNA ; epigenetics ; heterochromatin ; alpha satellite ; Su(Hw) ; repeated elements ; karyotype ; piRNA cluster ; gene duplication ; super-Mendelian ; estrildidae ; genomic conflict ; GC-content ; segregation ; CENP-A ; drift ; germline ; hobo ; I element ; repetitive DNA ; transposons ; human satellites ; retrotransposons ; genome assembly ; LTR retrotransposons ; satellite DNA ; structural variation ; selection ; host genome ; Uraeginthus cyanocephalus ; LINE-1 ; B chromosomes ; ERV ; arms race ; sequence variation ; secondary structure ; HeT-A and TART telomeric retrotransposons ; database ; genetic conflict ; coevolution ; ncRNAs (non coding RNAs) ; repeat ; centromeric transcription ; nucleolus ; satellite ; insulator ; Rhino ; population genetics ; centromere ; genome annotation ; horizontal transfer ; rRNA ; genome elimination ; genome evolution ; evolution ; chromosome evolution ; genome size ; genome ; drosophila ; transposable elements ; selfish elements ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAK Genetics (non-medical)
    Language: English
    Format: application/octet-stream
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Population Genetic Aspects of Gametophytic Self incompatibility (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant species biology 11 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1442-1984
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract In gametophytic self-incompatibility, the S-locus encodes an S-protein whose expression results in successful pollination only when the pollen allele differs from both maternal alleles. Analysis of nucleotide and amino acid sequences of a number of S-alleles has revealed extraordinary allelic sequence divergence and an excess of interspecific shared polymorphism. Population genetic theory and analysis of the distribution of the number of shared polymorphic sites verifies that the sequence diversity is consistent with the alleles being extraordinarily old. Theory also predicts that S-alleles will exhibit less population structuring in a subdivided population than will a neutral locus, and data are being collected to test this. Self-incompatibility must involve two features - a pollen component that specifies the identity of the pollen and a pistil component that recognizes and elicits a response to self-pollen. The S-locus clearly determines the pistil component, but lack of expression of S in pollen leaves open the possibility that there may be another pollen factor. Experiments with transgenic plants have demonstrated that the S-protein expression in the pistil is necessary and sufficient to determine the pistil phenotype. However, several lines of evidence suggest that the degree of elimination of self-pollen in plants with gametophytic self-incompatibility depends on additional genetic factors besides the S-locus. Modifiers may affect self-incompatibility by affecting either the pollen component, the pistil component or both. Population genetic models that test the consequences of modification of these two components are reviewed and extended. Conditions for invasion of reduced degree of self-incompatibility depend in part on the level of inbreeding depression.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1442-1984.1996.tb00104.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Conjuring SNPs to detect associations (2007)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature genetics 39 (2007), S. 815-816 
    Details
    ISSN: 1546-1718
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: [Auszug] Genetic mapping has always relied on statistical inference, but this enterprise has never been so utterly dependent on rigorous analytical methods as it is with genome-wide association studies (GWASs). For each of the nearly 500,000 SNPs in the human genome scored by widely used genotyping ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ng0707-815
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hot spots unglued (2005)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature genetics 37 (2005), S. 563-564 
    Details
    ISSN: 1546-1718
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: [Auszug] Localized regions of exceptionally high recombination rate in the human genome attracted a great deal of attention when it was suggested that they might punctuate the genome into blocks of high linkage disequilibrium (LD). If most human recombination were punctate, it could mean that fewer SNPs ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ng0605-563
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sequence variation in the human angiotensin converting enzyme (1999)
    [s.l.] : Nature America Inc.
    Nature genetics 22 (1999), S. 59-62 
    Details
    ISSN: 1546-1718
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: [Auszug] Angiotensin converting enzyme (encoded by the gene DCP1, also known as ACE) catalyses the conversion of angiotensin I to the physiologically active peptide angiotensin II, which controls fluid-electrolyte balance and systemic blood pressure. Because of its key function in the renin-angiotensin ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/8760
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chips for chimps (1999)
    [s.l.] : Nature America Inc.
    Nature genetics 22 (1999), S. 119-120 
    Details
    ISSN: 1546-1718
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: [Auszug] If you ordered a pizza and found a chimpanzee standing at the door with your meal, you would probably have no trouble distinguishing the beast from the typical pizza delivery man. But given a short DNA fragment from the chimpanzee genome, it may be difficult or even impossible to distinguish ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/9619
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dynamic evolution of the innate immune system in Drosophila (2007)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature genetics 39 (2007), S. 1461-1468 
    Details
    ISSN: 1546-1718
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: [Auszug] The availability of complete genome sequence from 12 Drosophila species presents the opportunity to examine how natural selection has affected patterns of gene family evolution and sequence divergence among different components of the innate immune system. We have identified orthologs and paralogs ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ng.2007.60
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evolutionary changes in cis and trans gene regulation (2004)
    [s.l.] : Macmillian Magazines Ltd.
    Nature 430 (2004), S. 85-88 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Differences in gene expression are central to evolution. Such differences can arise from cis-regulatory changes that affect transcription initiation, transcription rate and/or transcript stability in an allele-specific manner, or from trans-regulatory changes that modify the activity or ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature02698
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evolutionary biology Protamine wars (2000)
    [s.l.] : Macmillan Magazines Ltd.
    Nature 403 (2000), S. 261-263 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Proteins that evolve with unusual speed pique our interest because the mere rapidity of their change may be a clue to their function and adaptive significance. Proteins involved in sexual reproduction are particularly exciting because of their potential function in determining the success of ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/35002236
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Population genetics Malaria variorum (2002)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 418 (2002), S. 283-285 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Understanding genetic variation in the malarial parasite, Plasmodium falciparum, is of major importance to public health, especially as we contemplate widespread programmes of vaccination. If a vaccine controls only part of the P. falciparum population, then it might alter the genetic composition ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/418283a
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