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  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 90 (1989), S. 209-218 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Following excitation to S1, expansion-cooled NCNO undergoes nonradiative couplings to S0 and predissociates to CN and NO. Doppler profiles of selected CN B 2Σ+←X 2Σ+ rotational lines were recorded using LIF at several excess energies between 0 and 3000 cm−1. This yields NO V,R distributions associated with specific CN(X 2Σ+) rotational states. The profiles can be fit using the statistical PST/SSE model, and the correlated distributions show no evidence of dynamical bias or exit channel barriers. Doppler profiles generated with polarized lasers show little or no spatial anisotropy of recoil velocities, and are fit by anisotropy parameters β∼0, even at excess energies where predicted unimolecular lifetimes are ≤1 ps. Possible causes for the lack of spatial anisotropy are discussed. Analyses of NO fragment LIF spectra obtained at excess energies of 2348 and 2875 cm−1 show a slight preference for the Π(A') Λ-doublet component for J‘≥30.5, suggesting planar dissociation. An in-plane orientation of the singly occupied pπ lobe in NO is to be expected for dissociation on the ground (A') electronic potential energy surface.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 89 (1988), S. 6547-6548 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: The photodissociation of jet-cooled NOCl following excitation in the lowest, structured absorption band is reported. We find that NO(2∏3/2) is produced preferentially, and that the rotational distributions depend strongly on the number of bending quanta in the upper electronic state. In addition, the NO vibrational excitation depends on parent NO stretch excitation. NO(v‘=0) is predominantly produced when v'1 =0 is excited, while NO(v‘=1) is mainly formed following excitation of v1 =1.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 92 (1990), S. 4296-4307 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: NO V,R distributions are reported following photodissociation of jet-cooled NOCl from selected vibrational levels of the T1(1 3A‘) state. By varying the photolysis wavelength while monitoring selected rovibrational levels of NO, a photofragment yield spectrum showing the same diffuse vibrational structure as the absorption spectrum is obtained. NO rotational distributions are obtained at photolysis wavelengths corresponding to peaks in the absorption spectrum. We find that the NO stretching vibrations of T1 evolve adiabatically into NO vibrational excitations [i.e., excitation of v1 quanta of the T1 NO stretch yields predominantly NO(v‘=v1) ]. The NO rotational distributions depend only on the number of T1 bending quanta, v3. The shapes of the distributions reflect the number of nodes in the bending wave functions, and similar rotational distributions are obtained following excitation of vibronic levels with equal number of ν3 quanta, but different number of ν1 quanta (v1=0–2).We also find that the excited NO(2Π3/2) state is much more populated than the lower NO(2Π1/2) state, and the widths of the absorption features increase with increasing number of ν3 quanta, but decrease with increasing ν1 excitation. The results are explained in terms of a model in which the bending and NO stretch motions in the excited state are largely uncoupled. In order to explain the multimodal rotational distributions, we calculate separately the components of the NO rotational excitation that derive from the angular momentum inherent in the bending wave function and the angular anisotropy in the potential-energy surface. We find, using the momentum representation of the harmonic oscillator, that the rotational distributions map the bending wave functions and exhibit minima for v3〉0. In addition, a unidirectional torque generated by the angular anisotropy in the potential causes shifts in the distributions calculated by the pure Franck–Condon model that are bending level dependent. The observation that the absorption linewidth decreases with increasing NO stretch excitation in the parent T1 state may be a manifestation of the energy mismatch between the frequency of the NO stretch in NOCl and free NO; the increased mismatch with increasing stretch quantum number results in slower dissociation.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 91 (1989), S. 3762-3773 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: We propose a new unified field-theoretic path integral treatment of liquid–gas transition occurring in simple neutral fluids and neutral monodisperse polymer solutions. Obtained theoretical results indicate that both systems belong to the same Ising-type universality class which is strongly supported by the most recent experimental results on the liquid–gas transitions.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 93 (1990), S. 1107-1115 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: We report measurements of photofragment yield (PHOFRY) spectra and NO E, V, R distributions following dissociation of jet-cooled ClNO on the S1(1 1A‘) electronic surface. The dissociative S1(1 1A‘)←S0(1 1A') transition shows diffuse vibrational structure with a progression in ν1, the NO stretch. The absorption and PHOFRY spectra consist of two bands, corresponding to excitations into S1(000) and S1(100), whose widths are 1300±100 and 1000±70 cm−1, respectively. The relative partial absorption cross sections are S1(000):S1(100)=2.3:1.0. The narrowing of the absorption bands with increasing ν1 quanta is a consequence of the mismatch between ν1 and the free NO vibrational frequency. Dissociations on S1(000) and S1(100) yield NO in v‘=0 and 1, respectively. The NO(X2∏) rotational distributions in v‘=0 and 1 are inverted, peaking at J‘∼30.5 with widths of 10±1 J‘, and they do not vary significantly when the photolysis laser is scanned across the absorption band. The evolution of NO vibrational and rotational excitations appear to be largely uncoupled. In NO v‘=0 and 1, the upper spin–orbit state 2∏3/2 is more populated than the lower state 2∏1/2. For both v‘=0 and 1, the Λ-doublet ∏(A‘) component of NO(2∏1/2) is more populated than the ∏(A') component by a ratio of ∼3:1, as expected for excitation to a π* orbital of a‘ symmetry, but this propensity is much lower for NO(2∏3/2), possibly due to perturbations with another surface. The absorption spectra and NO V, R distributions are in good agreement with recent dynamical calculations on a three-dimensional (3-D) potential-energy surface (PES) calculated ab initio. The vibrational distribution appears to be determined near the Franck–Condon (FC) region, while final-state interactions affect the rotational distributions at larger Cl–NO separations.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 90 (1989), S. 3903-3914 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: The electronic absorption spectrum of NOCl in the region 620–180 nm is assigned by using vector properties of the NO photofragment and the results of ab initio calculations at the CI level. In assigning the electronic spectrum, we take into account the recoil anisotropy, rotational alignment, and Λ-doublet populations of NO, as well as the calculated vertical excitation energies, oscillator strengths, and the nature of the orbitals involved in the transitions. In the experiments, we use expansion-cooled samples and measure the recoil anisotropy parameters from the Doppler profiles of selected NO A 2Σ+←X 2Π rotational lines. The alignment parameters and Λ-doublet populations are derived from the rotational spectra using different laser polarizations and excitation–detection geometries. The theoretical calculations treat all low-lying singlet and triplet states. The calculations yield least energy paths for the excited states, with optimized rNO and ClNO angle as a function of rClN, as well as the angular dependences of the potentials and oscillator strengths of the singlet–singlet transitions. The following assignments are proposed for the main absorption bands: (1) E band—T1(1 3A‘)←S0(1 1A'); the transition borrows intensity by mixing with remote singlet states, predominantly the 4 1A' state; (2) D and C bands—S1(1 1A‘)←S0(1 1A'); the C band corresponds to excitation of ν'1 in S1; (3) B band—S3(2 1A')←S0(1 1A'); (4) A band—S5(4 1A')→S0(1 1A'). The assignments proposed here are in full agreement with all the experimental observations and the results of the calculations. Despite the shallow minima calculated for the T1 and S1 surfaces, dissociation on all the surfaces is fast, and the implications of the results to the dissociation dynamics are discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 85 (1999), S. 4454-4456 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: A large value of giant magnetoresistance ΔR/R=9% with an exchange field Hex=350 Oe has been measured from simple NiFe/CoFe/Cu/CoFe/IrMn top spin-valve films prepared by ion beam deposition (IBD) techniques. The exchange biasing was greatly enhanced when a synthetic pinned layer, CoFe/Ru/CoFe, is used in the spin-valve structures. Apparent exchange field values in excess of 2000 Oe and ΔR/R values above 8% have been obtained in synthetic spin-valve films. These IBD spin-valve films show excellent thermal stability and they are suitable for the applications in high density magnetic recording heads. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 90 (2001), S. 5152-5158 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: The blistering of Si wafers with (100), (110), and (111) orientations, induced by implantation of low energy (5–8 keV) H and/or He ions, was studied. Our earlier work had used either pure H implants at high dose (5×1016 cm−2) or low dose coimplantation (1×1016 H cm−2+1×1016 He cm−2). Here we study pure He implantation, and coimplantation with variable He/H dose ratio, in order to understand the roles of H and He, in the hope of improving the blistering efficiency (as used, e.g., in the Smart-cut® process). After room temperature implantation, the samples were vacuum annealed in three steps at 500, 550, and 600 °C. At each step, the development of blistering and exfoliation was quantified by scanning electron microscopy ("exfoliation" is here used to mean blister explosion). We found that the thermal budget required for blistering is higher than for comparable doses of high energy (〉30 keV) ions. On the Si(110) surface, H blistering is very weak, He blistering is the strongest, but exfoliation absent. On Si(111), H blistering is the strongest, He the weakest, but exfoliation a maximum. Si(100) shows intermediate behavior. Weak H blistering correlates with premature H2 desorption. H+He coimplantation efficiently increases the degree of blistering and, to some extent, exfoliation. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 9
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 87 (2000), S. 4915-4917 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Two sets of PtPdMn exchange biased films Ta 50 Å/CoFe 100 Å/PtPdMn (tAF) Å/Ta 50 Å, with PtPdMn thickness, tAF=350, 600 Å, were deposited on Si substrates by dc magnetron sputtering techniques. After magnetic annealing, these two sets of films exhibited values of exchange bias field, Hex=229 and 254 Oe, respectively. The PtPdMn layer was then thinned to various thicknesses from 600 down to 50 Å by ion beam etching. Hex does not retain its original value. It decreases with decreasing tAF and becomes zero at tAF∼75 Å. In addition, we have observed that the training effect or the anomalous hysteresis loss becomes more pronounced with decreasing tAF. This confirms that not only face-centered-tetragonal phase but, more critically, tAF plays role in determining exchange biasing and its thermal stability. The blocking temperature, TB, appears unaffected by the thinning of the PtPdMn layer, and no apparent change occurs in the local blocking temperature distribution, as suggested by the finite size effect. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 10
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 87 (2000), S. 5055-5057 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: The spin flop of synthetic antiferromagnetic pinned layers (SAF), under a magnetic field has been theoretically predicted and recently reported [J. G. Zhu and Y. Zheng, IEEE Trans. Magn. 34, 1063 (1998); J. G. Zhu, IEEE Trans. Magn. 35, 655 (1999)]. However, no experimental data have yet being reported to confirm the theoretical prediction. This article will provide direct experimental evidence to confirm the spin flop phenomenon in SAF layers. A spin valve, [CoFe/NiFe]/Cu/[CoFe(II)/Ru/CoFe(I)]/IrMn, was used to verify the spin flop in SAF layers. The exchange bias direction of CoFe(I)/IrMn was introduced by a magnetic annealing process at 225 °C with a field strength of Han(10 kOe) and the exchange bias direction was found parallel to the magnetic field. These samples serve as the reference for the remaining experiments. By magnetic annealing the reference samples at 225 °C with lower magnetic fields, we found that the magnetic field threshold for SAF spin flop is about 1 kOe. When the field is further increased, the spins of CoFe(I) and CoFe(II) scissor toward the applied magnetic field axis and the moment of the SAF reaches saturation when the applied field is equal to or greater than 10 kOe. Thus the above experiments demonstrate the flop behavior of the SAF. It also provides direct evidence that the exchange bias direction between a ferro/antiferromagnetic interface is determined by the magnetization of the ferromagnetic layer, not by the magnetic annealing field. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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