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  • 1
    ISSN: 1365-3091
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie
    Notizen: Petrographic and geochemical studies of an Upper Eocene reef and associated basinal sediments from the mixed carbonate–siliciclastic fill of the south-eastern Pyrenean foreland basin near Igualada (NE Spain) provide new insights into the evolution of subsurface hydrology during the restriction of a marine basin. The reef deposits are located on delta-lobe sandstones and prodelta marls, which are overlain by hypersaline carbonates and Upper Eocene evaporites. Authigenic celestite (SrSO4) is an important component in the observed diagenetic sequences. Celestite is a significant palaeohydrological indicator because its low solubility constrains transportation of Sr2+ and SO42− in the same diagenetic fluid. Stable isotopic analyses of carbonates in the reef indicate that meteoric recharge was responsible for aragonite stabilization and calcite cementation. Sulphur and oxygen isotope geochemistry of the celestite demonstrates that it formed from residual sulphate after bacterial sulphate reduction, but also requires that there was a prior episode of sulphate recycling. Meteoric water reaching the reef and basinal areas was most probably charged with SO42− from the dissolution of younger Upper Eocene marine evaporites. This sulphate, combined with organic matter present in the sediments, fuelled bacterial sulphate reduction in the meteoric palaeoaquifer. Strontium for celestite precipitation was partly derived in situ from dissolution of aragonite corals in the reef and basinal counterparts. However, 87Sr/86Sr data also suggest that Sr2+ was partly derived from dissolution of overlying evaporites. Mixing of these two fluids promoted celestite formation. The carbonate stable isotopic data suggest that the local meteoric water was enriched in 18O compared with that responsible for stabilization of other reefs along the basin margin. Furthermore, meteoric recharge at Igualada post-dated evaporite deposition in the basin, whereas other parts of the same reef complex were stabilized before evaporite formation. This discrepancy resulted from the spatial distribution of continental siliciclastic units that acted as groundwater conduits.
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 307 (1984), S. 697-701 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Quelle: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Notizen: [Auszug] Sm–Nd isotope systematics in mafic–ultramafic lavas from the Norseman–Wiluna greenstone belt, Western Australia, have been reinvestigated. A previous age based on mixing lavas and granites is not confirmed: instead, a Sm–Nd age of 3,262 ± 44 Myr is indicated for the ...
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Mineralogy and petrology 51 (1994), S. 277-298 
    ISSN: 1438-1168
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Zusammenfassung Kalk-alkalische Lamprophyrgänge (Minette) im östlichen Teil der südlichen schottischen Uplands sind Teil eines Gangscharensystems, das fast parallel zu der vermuteten lapetus-Suturzone, die sich von der Halbinsel von Ards in Nordirland bis nach St. Abbs Head im Osten erstreckt, verläuft. Die Gänge konzentrieren sich um kleinere Granitoidkörper, scheinen aber jünger zu sein als die Plutone und ihre assoziierten Porphyrit-Porphyry Dikes. Glimmer- (Minette und kersantitische Minette) sowie Hornblende-Lamprophyre kommen westlich von Hawick vor, wo keine intermediären bis sauren Plutone oder Dikes anzutreffen sind. Die Lamprophyre sind an LIL- und LRE-Elementen an- bzw. an HFS-Elementen abgereichert, was typisch für subduktionsbezogene ultrapotassische Magmen ist. Diese Anreicherung an inkompatiblen Elementen ist in Gesteinen mit hohen Gehalten von Mg, Ni und Cr beobachtbar, was in Verbindung mit experimentellen Untersuchungen, der feinkörnigen Natur der Gesteine und dem Auftreten von gefritteten Intrusionskontakten einen nahezu primären Zustand der am wenigsten entwickelten Varietäten impliziert. Hohe LREE-, LILE-, La/Nb-, La/Yb-, ɛSr- und niedrige ɛNd-Werte belegen die Herkunft aus einer ursprünglich metasomatschen Quelle. Die Minetten stammen vermutlich aus einer granat- und phlogopitführenden, die hornblendeführenden Gesteine aus einer seichteren im Stabilitätsbereich von Amphibol liegenden Quelle. Die Minetten lieferten keinen Beitrag zu den 410 Ma Granitoiden, die aus einer stärker verarmten Quelle stammen müssen. Die Ähnlichkeit der schottischen Lamprophyre zu jenen im Lake District südlich der lapetus-Sutur zeigt ein Unterschieben der Lake Distric Lithospäre unter die südlichen Uplands an. Die Platznahme der Lamprophyrgänge ist sehr wahrscheinlich strukturell kontrolliert und die Anwesenheit der Gangsysteme könnte den Verlauf der Iapetus-Sutur in der Tiefe nachzeichnen.
    Notizen: Summary Cale-alkaline lamprophyre (minette) dykes in the eastern Southern Uplands of Scotland form part of a swarm nearly parallel to the inferred Iapetus Suture, stretching from the Ards Peninsula of Northern Ireland to St. Abbs Head in the east. The dykes are clustered close to several small granitoid bosses, but appear to be younger than the plutons and their associated porphyrite-porphyry dykes. Mica- (minette and kersantitic-minette) and hornblende-lamprophyres are present further west near Hawick where no intermediate-acid plutons or dykes occur. The lamprophyres have enrichments in LILE and LREE and relative depletions of HFS elements typical of subduction-related ultrapotassic magmas. These incompatible element enrichments are present in rocks with high Mg number and Ni and Cr contents, which combined with experimental constraints, their fine-grained nature and presence of chilled margins, imply a near-primary status for the least evolved varieties. High values of LREE, LILE, La/Nb, La/Yb, s Sr and low ɛ Nd imply derivation from a previously metasomatised source. The minettes were probably derived from a source containing garnet and phlogopite, and the hornblende varieties from a shallower source in the stability field of amphibole. The minettes of the eastern Southern Uplands have not provided a parental component to the 410 Ma. granitoids which were derived from a more depleted source. The similarity of the lamprophyres to those in the Lake District south of the Iapetus Suture is taken to indicate underthrusting of Lake District lithosphere beneath the Southern Uplands. Emplacement of lamprophyre dyke swarms is likely to be structurally controlled, and the presence of the main swarm in the Southern Uplands may indicate the sub-surface trace of the Iapetus Suture.
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Quelle: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Notizen: [Auszug] Kerguelen and Heard Islands are built on the northern half of the older Kerguelen Plateau, above a geoid high which is indicative of upwelling mantle material8. Although there have been proposals that the plateau represents a continental remnant of the breakup of Gondwana9, recent drilling by the ...
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 362 (1993), S. 530-533 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Quelle: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Notizen: [Auszug] The volcanoes studied here span 1,500 km of arc length and two very different tectonic settings. In Java, oceanic lithosphere of the Indian plate is subducting beneath Eurasia at a rate7 of 6 cm yrl (Fig. 1). Flores is situated in an arc-continent collision zone and the Australian continental ...
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 306 (1983), S. 327-332 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Quelle: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Notizen: [Auszug] MOUNT Cameroon is a large (4,095 m) basanite composite volcano situated on the west African coast (Fig. 1) and is the only active member of the volcanic Cameroon line1,2. The earliest well-authenticated eruption occurred in April 1909 on the northern flank3,4 although earlier eruptions are reported ...
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Quelle: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Notizen: [Auszug] Figure 2 illustrates the tectonic evolution of the southern Indian Ocean, and the development of tectono-magmatic features that may be attributable to the Kerguelen-Heard plume. The diagrams suggest that the plume has been involved in the development of several major features of the Indian Ocean ...
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Contributions to mineralogy and petrology 96 (1987), S. 455-464 
    ISSN: 1432-0967
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie
    Notizen: Abstract Twelve138Ce/136Ce isotope determinations, 31 Nd isotope analyses, and 31 REE profiles are presented for Tertiary basic to intermediate igneous rocks from the Isle of Skye, NW Scotland. The aim of this work is to precisely identify the contamination mechanisms of basic magmas emplaced through old crust, and to test the effectiveness of Ce isotope analysis as a petrogenetic tool. Combined Ce/Nd isotope analysis enables the modelling of the light REE profiles of the mantle-derived precursors to contaminated lavas, using different crustal end-members, in order to compare these with the magmatic lineage of uncontaminated Skye lavas. The geochemical data support a contamination mechanism involving a granitic melt, produced either by large degree melting of Scourian granulitefacies acid sheets, or (possibly) by melting of intermediate gneiss out of isotopic equilibrium. Basaltic lavas showing strong isotopic contamination effects yield calculated degrees of crustal contamination by large degree granitic melts of ca. 8 or 9% based on Ce and Nd isotopic data respectively. However, for lavas with liquidus temperatures of over 1250° C, the temperature dependence of the degree of contamination is weak. The combination of this evidence with new and published Pb isotope data suggests that the bulk of crustal contamination of the Skye lavas occurred in sill complexes at distinct levels in the crust, rather than during the actual ascent of magma through the crust in dykes. It is suggested on the basis of published fluid dynamic and field evidence that the assimilation of large degree melts of acid gneiss by turbulently flowing magma is more likely than assimilation of small degree disequilibrium melts from more refractory intermediate gneisses. It is concluded that Ce isotope analysis is a viable and useful adjunct to Nd isotope data in petrogenetic studies of continental igneous rocks emplaced through old basement.
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1432-0967
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie
    Notizen: Abstract Anhydrous spinel peridotite xenoliths from the Ray Pic Quaternary alkali basalt volcano (French Massif Central) show a wide range of mineralogical and geochemical compositions, reflecting significant heterogeneities in the shallow sub-continental lithospheric mantle. Variations in modal mineralogy, mineral chem istry, REE patterns and radiogenic isotope data suggest that depletion by partial melting and enrichment by cryptic metasomatism were the major mantle processes which caused the heterogeneity. The lithospheric mantle beneath Ray Pic contains two contrasting types of peridotite: (i) lherzolites with LREE-depleted compositions, high 143Nd/144Nd, low 87Sr/86Sr and unradiogenic Pb isotope ratios; (ii) lherzolites, harzburgites and a wehrlite with LREE-enriched patterns, low 143Nd/144Nd, high 87Sr/86Sr and radiogenic Pb isotope ratios. The former closely resemble depleted MORB-source mantle. The latter are related to enrichment by recent infiltration of small degree partial melts or fluids from the asthenospheric mantle, possibly related to the “low velocity component” observed by Hoernle et al. (1995) in European Neogene alkaline magmas. Thus, the Ray Pic peridotite xenoliths represent interaction between asthenospheric mantle-derived melts/fluids and depleted lithospheric mantle. This is probably linked to the upwelling mantle plume imaged beneath the Massif Central (Granet et al. 1995). A relationship between textural deformation, equilibration temperature and geochemistry of the xenoliths suggests that the hotter (〉 900 °C) undeformed regions are LREE-enriched and tend to have more enriched isotope ratios, whereas the cooler (〈 900 °C) regions have undergone more deformation and are more depleted both in LREE and in isotope compositions.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1432-0967
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie
    Notizen: Abstract The origin of the Sondalo gabbroic complex has been unravelled by means of a petrological study of the least evolved rocks, troctolites to norites containing up to 20% of anhedral clinopyroxene and titanian pargasite. Pyroxenes and titanian pargasite from the troctolites have higher Mg, Al and Cr, and lower Mn than those from the norites, whereas plagioclase does not show systematic compositional variations (An ca. 65 mol%). The variation trend of anorthite content of plagioclase versus the forsterite content of olivine differs from that of arc-related gabbroic rocks. Plagioclase, clinopyroxene, orthopyroxene and titanian pargasite were analyzed for REE and selected trace elements by ion microprobe. Application of crystal/liquid partition coefficients to trace element mineral compositions suggests that the parental liquids of both troctolites and norites had tholeiitic affinity and were slightly LREE and LILE enriched relative to N-MORB. A troctolite and a norite give Sm-Nd mineral isochron ages of 300 ± 12 Ma and 280 ± 10 Ma. Plagioclase-amphibole Rb-Sr isochron ages are 266 ± 10 Ma and 269 ± 16 Ma for the same rock samples, and they are interpreted to represent cooling ages. The Nd-Sr-O isotopic compositions indicate that a substantial crustal contribution was involved in the petrogenesis of the norite, which has low ɛNd(290 Ma), high 87Sr/86Sr(290 Ma) and high δ18OPx (−2.6, 0.7057 and +7.9‰, respectively) compared with the troctolites. We thus conclude that the troctolite/norite association formed by concomitant fractional crystallization and crustal assimilation. The somewhat elevated δ18OCpx (+6.4‰) and the relatively low forsterite contents in olivine suggest that the parental liquids of the troctolites had already been evolved through an AFC type process. The ɛNd(290 Ma) and 87Sr/86Sr(290 Ma) of these rocks (ranging from +2.8 to +4.4 and from 0.7037 to 0.7040, respectively) probably do not reflect the ɛNd and Sr isotopic compositions of their mantle source, and it is thus unclear whether the primary melts were derived from a slightly enriched or from a depleted mantle source. The Sondalo gabbroic complex was most likely associated with the post-Variscan gabbroic complexes of the Alpine belt. These gabbroic complexes can be ascribed to the intrusion at different crustal levels of tholeiitic mantle-derived melts and were emplaced in the time span of 300–270 Ma.
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