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  • 11
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    Biological control of bloom algae in the southern of Caspian Sea (2018)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: In recent years the incidence of algal blooms caused by Nodularia to become one of the serious problems and is threated life of aquatic organisms in the southern Caspian Sea. Nodularia is a Blue-green algae (cyanobacteria group) and due to production of nodularin toxin is importance. In this study, the first, three species of Pseudomonas including aeruginosa, putida and fluorescens were isolated from Tajan river estuary and identified using biochemical tests and compared to standard species. The trend of Nodularia spumigena biomass (log 5) and pseudomonas species (log 7 and 8) were examined in 30 treatments for 10 days in aquarium scale. Parameters such as chlorophyll a, dissolved oxygen, phosphate and nitrate were tested at different time the same time. The results showed that the decline trend of nodularia in aeruginosa and mixed species treatments were better than other treatments and log 8 of bacterium was also more inhibitory effect than to log 7. Similar results were observed in double layer on agar medium and latter treatments had algaecide effect on nodularia. However, putida and fluorescens treatments had algaestatic properties. Concentration of chlorophyll a, dissolved oxygen and nitrate in all treatments, especially aeruginosa and mixed bacteria have been often decreased (p〈0.05). Changes of latter factors in control treatment have been relatively consistent. Although the phosphate changes at different time of relative decline, but nevertheless significant differences were observed. The parameters examined in this study were in direct contact with the algae population and decrease or increase of these factors cause significant change in algae biomass. The conclusion showed that different strains of pseudomonas are able to reduce the population of algae N. spumigena in aquarium scale and the results observed in combination treatment were better than other treatments. The challenge examination of pseudomonas and nodularia in mesocosm scale, evaluation of bacterial metabolites, and also quality and quantity analysis of chemical and biological factors involved in the process is recommended and with achieve reasonable results can be made from this indicator bacteria during algal bloom in the larger ecosystem.
    Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Nodularia ; Pseudomonas ; Algal bloom ; Biological control
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Report , Refereed
    Format: 42pp.
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  • 12
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    Study of some specific and non-specific immune responses of grass carp (C. idella) to Aeromonas hydrophila and in the present of organophosphate, diazinon (2018)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Some specific and non-specific immune variables of grass carp against Aeromonas hydropila and in the present of organophosphate, diazinon was studied at 18-20?C. Also, the toxicity of this toxicant was assessed in this species. Isolation and characterization of the fish IgM showed that fish possesses IgM with molecular weight of 480-640 KD having 15-20% of total serum protein. The LC50 96 hours of the toxicant was 15.13 mg/L and the survival fish showed erythropenia, leucopenia and a decrease in levels of blood enzymes, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase and total protein, while level of glucose increased. When fish were exposed to sublethal concentrations of diazinon (1, 2 and 4 mg/L) for 12 hours large change were then observed in hematological and biochemical variables of blood feaures plus a suppression of chemiluminuscence (CL) response by blood leucocytes during 45 days post-expposure. When fish were intraperitoneally immunized with Aeromonas hydrophila whole cell antigens and exposed to 2 mg/L of diazinon, the immunological responses consisting of lysozyme content, CL response, antibody titre were suppressed during one moth post-exposure. Also, light and electron microscopic examinations of tissues of kidney, liver, gill, spleen and nostril of fish exposed to acute and sublethal concentration of the toxicant revealded remarkable changes including hyperemia, heamorrhage, necrosis, damaging of reticulum endoplasmic of epithelial cells and vacuolation of club cell of nostril, and degeneration of mithochondria in kidney cells, reduction in excretion of amorphous proteinous materials and vesicle numbers on the cell surface and also blocking of cell surface cannals of nostril cells.
    Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Aeromonas hydrophila ; Diazinon ; Grass Carp ; Immune responses ; Organophosphate
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Report , Refereed
    Format: 100pp.
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  • 13
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    Study on Macrobenthic communities in the range of fish cage-culture area (before breeding) in the southern Caspian Sea (Mazandaran coast-Kelarabad) (2018)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: The abundance and biomass of benthic macroinvertebrates were studied in the place of fish cage culture in southern coasts of Caspian sea (Mazandaran waters- kelarabad). The goal of this study was to consider of fish cage culture effects on the abundance and biomass of benthic macroinvertebrates. The sampling was carried out in 3 stations in depth of 20 meter of Kelarabad waters monthly. In this study 7 species were identified belonged to 5 genus of 4 family. Totally 23442 sample of benthic invertebrates were counted that the lowest and highest abundance were in station 1(23.4%) and station 2(46.8%) respectively. The results of stations study showed that the highest abundance and biomass were in stations 2 and 3 with the average of 646 ± 1230.4 n/m2 and 0.526 ± 1.001 gr/m2 respectively. This coulld be respectively dependant to not settling of cage (witness station) and appearance of Cerastoderma glaucum because of its large body in station 1. The difference of abundance and biomass between different stations was not significant (p ›0.05). The study on abundance and biomass in different seasons showed that the highest abundance in autumn with the avarage of 888.13 ± 1371.58 n/m2 belonged to Strblospio gynobranchiata and the highest biomass belonged to C. glaucum which was because of appearance of not native species of polychaeta and also the species with shell covering from bivalvia. The results showed that the specie of S. gynobranchiata from polychaeta including 93.3% of abundance was the dominant specie that could be related to appropriate ecological conditions for living and high adaptability.It was concluded that the abundance and biomass of benthic macroinvertebrates in station 1 was lower than other stations which was related to fish cage culture activity and its effects on benthic macroinvertebrates. So it is suggested that each mariculture activity in southern coasts of Caspian sea should be carried out with regarding to environmental considerations and performance of comparative evaluation project of environmental effects.
    Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Marine Cages ; Benthic Macroinvertebrates ; Abundance ; Biomass ; Cerastoderma glaucum ; Strblospio gynobranchiata ; Species
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Report , Refereed
    Format: 38pp.
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  • 14
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    Evaluation of blood characteristics of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) after exposure to organophosphate, Diazinon (2018)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: The effect of different sublethal concentrations of diazinon at 1, 2 and 4 mg/L on some hematological and biochemical parameters of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) weighing 850±155g was studied after 1, 7, 15, 30 and 45 days post exposure to the toxicant as a bath for 12 hours at 18-22 C. In one day exposure fish to the toxicant, the values of neutrophiles exposed to 2 and 4mg/L were significantly higher than control fish, while lymphocyte and monocyte counts in fish exposed to 2 and 1mg/L were significantly lower than control one (P〈0.05). Also, no significant differences were found in levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) among experimental fish and between experimental fish and control one (p〉0.05). Seven day after exposing fish to the toxicant, values of WBC in all experimental fish were significantly higher than control fish, while level of neutrophiles in fish exposed to 1mg/L and values of lymphocytes in fish exposed to 2 and 4mg/L were significantly higher and lower than control fish, respectively. Also, values of ALT, AST and ALP in all experimental fish were significantly lower, higher and lower than control fish, respectively (p〈0.05). Fifteen days post-exposing fish to the toxicant, values of MCH, ALT and AST in all experimental fish were significantly lower than control group, while levels of WBC and RBC were significantly higher and lower than control fish, respectively (p〈0.05). Thirty days post-exposing fish to toxicant, the values of neutrophiles, WBC and RBC in fish exposed to 2 mg/L were lower than control fish (p〈0.05). Also, levels of heterocytes and lymphocytes in all experimental fish were significantly higher and lower than control fish, respectively. Also, levels of AST, ALP and LDH in almost all experimental fish were significantly lower than control fish (p〈0.05), while no significant differences was found in the level of AST among experimental fish and between experimental and control fish (p〉0.05). Forty five days post-exposing fish to the toxicant, the values of WBC and heterocytes in all experimental fish were significantly higher than control one, while levels of lymphocytes, ALT and ALP were lower than control fish (p〈0.05). Also, the level of AST in fish exposed to 4mg/L and level of LDH in fish exposed to 1 and 4 mg/L were significantly lower than control fish (p〈0.05).
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Diazinon ; Grass carp ; Haematology ; Serum biochemistry
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed
    Format: pp.1-18
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  • 15
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    Light and electron microscope of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) organs following exposure to various sublethal concentrations of diazinon (2018)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Histopathological effects of different sublethal concentrations (1, 2 and 4 mg/l) of diazinon, an organophosphorus pesticide, on gill, liver, spleen and kidney of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) were studied after 1, 7, 15, 30 and 45 days post-exposing fishes weighting 850 ± 155 g to the toxicant for 12 hours at 18-22ºC. In addition, tissues of nostril were examined for transmission electron microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Results of light microscopic examinations of tissues showed that toxicant was causing severe histopathological effects such as congestion of blood vessels, haemorrhage, cellular infiltration, pyknosis of cells nuclei, vacuolar degeneration and general necrosis in the kidney, spleen and liver. There were also degenerative changes of interstitial tissue and detachment of tubular basement membrane in kidney observed. Hyperplasia and fusion of secondary lamellae, separation and sloughing of epithelium from the underlying basement membrane were also observed in gill sections. transmission electron microscopy (TEM) examination of nostril revealed, damages of epithelial cells (vacuolated club cells and abnormality in cells' nuclei). scanning electron microscopy (SEM) examination of nostril showed a reduction in excretion of amorphous proteinous materials, reduction in vesicle numbers on the cell surface and also closing of cell surface canals.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) ; Diazinon ; Histopathology ; TEM ; SEM
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed
    Format: pp.111-136
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  • 16
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    Parasites and bacteria isolated from ctenophore invaders, Mnemiopsis leidyi and Beroe ovata (2018)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Mnemiopsis leidyi (Comb Jelly) is an exotic species which has not been reported from the Caspian Sea till 1999, but it was observed and reported from the southern coasts of Caspian Sea in 1999 (Esmaili Sari, 1999). Invasion of the Mnemiopsis leidyi to the Caspian Sea pelagic ecosystem has been one of the main difficulties in the past decade (Parafkandeh Haghighi and Kaymaram, 2011). Mnemiopsis leidyi has been brought from the Black Sea to the Caspian Sea by ballast water of ships and it has settled in the southern Caspian Sea through the time.There is a little information regarding the microbial flora in comb jelly (Estes et al., 1997) but a large number of comb jelly carry natural flora and pathogens located in the coastal waters such as Aeromonas and Vibrio. However, it might have been entered into the Caspian Sea many years ago, but it has recently caused execessive reduction in kilka fish stocks because it is considered as a food competitors for them. The comb jelly may also carry some new microrganisms like parasites and microbial flora to the Caspian Sea. This study was carried out to investigate the parasites and bacterial flora of B. ovata and M. leidyi as probable dangers for the Caspian Sea ecosystem.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Fish disease ; Parasites ; Bacteria ; Beroe ovata ; Mnemiopsis leidyi
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed
    Format: pp.733-736
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  • 17
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    Chemiluminescent response of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) following exposure to sublethal concentration of diazinon (2018)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Chemiluminescent response of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) was assessed to determine the effect of various concentrations of diazinon on the phagocytosis of grass carp in order to evaluate the fish immunity after exposure to this toxic chemical. One hundred and twenty specimens with individual weight of 850±155g were exposed to various concentrations of diazinon at 1, 2 and 4mg/L provided as a bath for 12 hours at 20±2°C in Institute of the Caspian Sea Ecology, Sari in 2003. Maximal values of spontaneous chemiluminescent responses (SCL) were found in all experimental fish only on days 1 and 7 post-exposing to the toxicant compared to control one (p〈0.05). Also, such values on days 15, 30 and 45 post-exposure to toxicant were insignificantly higher than control group (p〉0.05). Generally, the level of chemiluminescent response activated by zymosan (CRAZ) at all concentrations of toxicant were significantly higher than control group after 1, 7, 15, 30 and 45 days post-exposure to the toxicant (p〈0.05).
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Ctenopharyngodon idella ; Diazinon ; Chemiluminescence ; Grass carp
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed
    Format: pp.57-68
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  • 18
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    Isolation and characterization of microsatellite loci in the Persian sturgeon (Acipenser persicus, Borodine, 1897) and cross-species amplification in four commercial sturgeons from the Caspian Sea (2018)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: In order to have a sustainable management on Persian sturgeon as a highly commercial species in the South Caspian Sea, we need to identify its population structure and the level as well as its conservation status in their natural habitat. To develop a conservation program for this all Caspian Sea' sturgeon species it requires knowledge of its genetic diversity using reliable molecular marker to study population genetic structure. For these purposes, an enriched library was prepared based on a modified biotin-capture method. Approximately 1800 positive clones were screened for microsatellites in an Acipenser persicus genomic library. Of these 350 positively hybridizing clones were sequenced, and 81 clones were identified as having microsatellites with adequate flanking regions. We developed and tested 68 microsatellite primer pairs for Persian sturgeon. Out of 68 primer pairs developed, 11 pairs resulted in poor or no amplification, 13 were ambiguous, 6 were monomorphic, 20 were tetrasomic and 18 were octosomic in Persian sturgeon. While none of the markers showed disomic inheritance in Persian sturgeon and Russian sturgeon (A. gueldenstaedtii). Several of the markers appeared useful for studies stellate sturgeon (A. stellatus), ship sturgeon (A.nudiventris) and beluga (Huso huso). Nearly all the polymorphic pattern for ship, stellate and beluga displayed the simple banding patterns characteristic of disomic loci, while those for Russian sturgeon displayed banding patterns characteristic of tetraploid or higher polyploid levels. These markers may prove useful in a variety of future sturgeon population genetic studies in the Caspian Sea.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Russian sturgeon ; A. gueldenstaedtii ; Persian sturgeon ; Acipenser persicus ; Caspian Sea ; Microsatellite ; Population genetic ; Genetics ; Population ; Structure ; Species
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed
    Format: pp.548-558
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  • 19
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    Distribution and Molecular identification of some causative agents of streptococcosis isolated from farmed rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss, Walbaum) in Iran (2018)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Over the past few years, the syndrome of streptococcosis has been associated with outbreaks in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss, Walbaum) and caused significant economic losses in the aquaculture industry in Iran. The main purpose of this work was molecular identification of some causative agents of streptococcosis in rainbow trout. A total of 520 samples were collected from the head kidney of diseased fish (weight, 50_200g) in 72 farms of 8 provinces in Iran, during 2008 to 2009. Bacterial isolates representing morphology and biochemical profiles of Streptococcus spp. were further confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). DNA extraction was carried out from a single colony by using the extraction promega kit following the conditions described by the supplier. The PCR assay was developed based on the 16S rRNA and glucose kinase genes of Streptococcus spp. for the rapid and specific detection and identification of this pathogen from different sources. Approximately 40% of specimens were infected to Streptococcus spp. Consequently, five pathogenic species have been identified, including S. iniae in Fars province, S. faecium in Mazandaran province, S. agalactiae in Gilan and Mazandaran provinces, S. dysgalatiae in Lorestan, Kohgiluyeh and Boyerahmad, Gilan and Kermanshah provinces and S. uberis, which was common in all provinces (except Mazandaran and Lorestan). The dominant species (based on important species index) were S. uberis, S. dysgalactiae and S. agalactiae, respectively.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Oncorhynchus mykiss ; Streptococcosis ; Rainbow trout ; Syndrome ; PCR ; DNA ; Distribution ; Molecular identification
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed
    Format: pp.109-122
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  • 20
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    Determination of diazinon LC50 in grass carp (Cetenopharyngodon idella) and the effect of sublethal concentration of toxin on some hematological and biochemical indices (2018)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Toxicity of the organophosphate, diazinon was studied in grass carp (Cetenopharyngodon idella) weighing 5±1.0g, under static water quality condition at 16°C. Also, some hematological and biochemical variables of fish weighing 50±5.0g were studied 12 hours post-exposing fish to the toxicant at sublethal concentration of 5.6mg/L at 16°C. Values of 18.19, 17.21, 16.68, and 15.13mg/L, were obtained as LC50 after 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours post-exposing fish to the toxicant, respectively. Levels of red blood cells (RBC), hematocrit (PCV), hemoglobin (Hb), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), leukocyte count (WBC), lymphocyte and monocyte were significantly lower in the exposed fish than control fish (p〈0.05), whilst values of polymorphonuclear cells (PMN) and myelocytes counts were higher in the test group (p〈0.05). In addition, the levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were significantly lower in fish exposed to the toxicant (p〈0.05), while the level of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) was higher in experimental fish (p〈0.05) than control fish. The levels of glucose and triglyceride were higher in fish exposed to toxicant than control fish. However, such differences were only significant for glucose level (p〈0.05). In contrast, the levels of total protein and cholesterol decreased insignificantly in fish exposed to the toxicant compared to those in control fish (p〉0.05). The obtained results show that although diazinon can be classified as a slight toxic chemical for grass carp, the toxicant negatively affects some immunophysiological functions of the fish including immunocompent cells.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Beluga ; Diazinon ; Hematology ; Grass carp ; Acute toxicity and LC50 ; Blood ; Serum
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed
    Format: pp.67-82
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