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  • 11
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 97 (1992), S. 5868-5875 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: UV laser irradiation of ammonia adsorbed on GaAs(100) leads to molecular desorption, with a mean translational temperature of 〈Etrans/2k(approximately-greater-than)=300 K, independent of photon energy and isotope substitution. However, the photodesorption cross section depends strongly on isotope substitution: σNH3/σND3=4.1 at hν=6.4 eV. This isotope effect is too large to be accounted for by the mass difference in the leaving particles (NH3 vs ND3), but can be successfully explained in terms of an isotope effect in the internal N–H(D) coordinates. We take this as evidence for uv-driven photodesorption from electronically quenched, but vibrationally hot ground state ammonia.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 12
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 97 (1992), S. 5856-5867 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: UV laser irradiation of ammonia adsorbed on GaAs(100) leads to molecular desorption and dissociation. A nitride passivation layer can be formed on the GaAs surface at 100 K by simultaneous exposure to ammonia and uv photons in a UHV environment. The nitride layer consists of a mixture of Ga and As nitrides. While the dominating GaN surface species is thermally stable, AsN desorbs below 800 K. Surface NH2 is identified as an intermediate. The implication of this study for selective area passivation and GaN growth is discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 13
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 49 (1993), S. 491-496 
    ISSN: 1600-5740
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 14
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 49 (1993), S. 610-614 
    ISSN: 1600-5740
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 15
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Solid state phenomena Vol. 19-20 (Jan. 1991), p. 599-604 
    ISSN: 1662-9779
    Quelle: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Thema: Physik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 16
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 47 (1991), S. 542-548 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Schlagwort(e): Bitumen ; microbial activity ; biofilm ; degradation ; gas production
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Bitumen is commonly employed as a matrix for the long-term storage of low and intermediate level radioactive waste. As bitumen can be degraded by microbial activity, it is of great significance to determine the rates at which it may occur in nuclear waste repositories. Experiments have been carried out under optimal culture conditions using bitumen with a highly increased surface area. The potential of different microbial consortia to degrade bitumen has been examined. The investigations showed clearly that bitumen-degrading organisms are ubiquitous. In general the organisms formed biofilms on the accessible substrate surface area. Under oxic culture conditions a bitumen degradation rate of 20–50 g bitumen · m−2· y−1 leading to a CO2 liberation of 15–40 l was observed. Anoxic conditions yielded a 100 times smaller degradation rate of 0.2–0.6 g bitumen · m−2 · y−1 and a CO2 production of 0.15–0.45 l. Based on linear extrapolation the experimentally determined degradation rates would lead to a 25–70% deterioration of the bitumen matrix under oxic and 0.3–0.8% under anoxic conditions within 1000 years.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 17
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Schlagwort(e): Hypercholesterolaemia ; Fluvastatin ; cholestyramine ; drug treatment of hypercholesterolaemia ; LDL cholesterol ; HDL cholesterol ; triglycerides ; Lp(a) ; apolipoproteins
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract The aim of this study was to investigate the new synthetic HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor, fluvastatin, for efficacy, safety and tolerability in comparison to cholestyramine. One hundred fifty one primary hypercholesterolaemic patients participated in this double-blind, parallel-group, randomized study. During the first 12 weeks of the study, fluvastatin (20 mg and 40 mg daily) was compared with cholestyramine (16 g per day). In the subsequent, 6-week part of the study, the comparative efficacy, safety and tolerability of 20 mg fluvastatin, combined with cholestyramine (4 g, 8 g, or 16 g) were assessed. Fluvastatin (40 mg) reduced LDL cholesterol by 28.0%, triglycerides by 10.5% and increased HDL cholesterol by 3.7%. Cholestyramine (16 g) reduced LDL cholesterol by 35.0%, but raised triglycerides and HDL cholesterol by 12.3% (p〈0.01) and 3.7% respectively. The combination of fluvastatin 20 mg and cholesty-ramine (4 g, 8 g and 16 g) induced the following reductions in LDL cholesterol: 30.4%, 35.6% and 46.6% respectively. There was no significant change in triglycerides in either group although HDL cholesterol was raised by 4.9%, 8.3% and 7.2% respectively. One patient treated with fluvastatin and two treated with cholesty-ramine were withdrawn from the study due to elevation of liver transaminases. The most frequent subjective adverse effects in both treatment groups were mild, transient gastrointestinal complaints. Thus, fluvastatin was effective as a lipid-lowering agent; the effect was further enhanced when fluvastatin was combined with cholestyramine.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 18
    ISSN: 1438-1168
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Zusammenfassung Die texturelle Entwicklung von festen Zylindern von Amphibolit (Hornblende 70%, Plagioklas 30%) in Goldkapseln versiegelt, wurde w:⇆rend Dehydrations-Schmelzen bei 10 kbar in einem Piston-Zylinder-Apparat bei Temperaturen von 850°C bis 1000°C für 21 bis 4 Tage untersucht. Die anisotropen Mineralstrukturen und die Gesteinstextur kontrollieren die Morphologie und Verteilung der Schmelze. Diese Parameter sowie der Anteil an Schmelze, bestimmen die Interkonnektivität der Schmelze. Im Gegensatz zu Experimenten, die fein gemahlene Pulver von fast isotropen Mineralen (z.B. Olivin oder Quarz) benützen, scheinen hier die Energieverhältnisse der Kristallstruktur die Energiebeziehungen zwischen den Kristall-Schmelzoberflächen während der texturellen Entwicklung der amphibolitischen Gesteine zu dominieren. Wenige Kristall-Schmelze Triple-Junetions entwickeln zwischen Flächen energie-kontrollierte dihedrale Winkel (θ). Die Formen der meisten Schmelzeinschlüsse sind kristallographisch kontrolliert und viele Ecken zeigen Winkel, die größer als 60° sind. Die Interkonnektivität der Schmelze wird jedoch eindeutig bei 875° C mit nur 2% Schmelze erreicht und könnte möglicherweise auch bei niedrigeren Temperaturen zustande kommen. Das Vorkommen von dihedralen Winkeln, die kleiner als 60° sind, muß nicht notwendig sein, um Interkonnektivität in teilweis aufgeschmolzenen metamorphen Gesteinen zu erzeugen. Die Oberflächen zwischen gelängten Körnern in Amphiboliten mit Lineation können Wege für die Migration von Schmelzen oder für die Diffussion von Komponenten während teilweisen Aufschmelzens werden. Bei 850° C begann die Dehydration der Hornblende an internen Nukleations-Stellen, unabhängig vom Rest des Gesteins. Zwischen 850° C und 900 °C entsteht so eine Textur von Klinopyroxenen mit Hornblenderändern. Die nicht im Gleichgewicht befindliche Dampfphase, die dabei entsteht, führt zur Bildung von Lagen von wassergesättigter granitoider Schmelze zwischen Hornblende und Plagioklasflächen, mit einer berechneten Viskosität, die gerade niedrig genug ist, um Segregation durch Kompaktion zu ermöglichen. Bei höheren Temperaturen und während längerer Zeiten, wobei mehr Schmelze entsteht, löst sich die Dampfphase in wasseruntersättigter Schmelze, mit einer Viskosität, die zu hoch ist um Segregation in geologisch realistischen Zeiten zu ermöglichen. Die Entwässerung von kalium-armen Gesteinen durch Segregation von ursprünglich wässrigen Schmelzen, die sich in dieser Weise gebildet haben, dürfte beim Amphiboht-Granulit-Übergang eine Rolle spielen.[/ p]
    Notizen: Summary Anisotropic crystal structures and rock texture control liquid morphology and distribution during dehydration-melting at 10 kbar in solid cylinders of lineated amphibolite (mode: hornblende 70%, plagioclase 30%), sealed in gold capsules, in piston-cylinder runs ranging from 21 days at 850 °C to 4 days at 1000 °C. The shapes of most liquid pockets are crystallographically-controlled, with many corners having angles greater than 60°. Few crystal/liquid triple junctions develop the interfacial energy-controlled dihedral angles (≡), which form in experiments using finely-ground powders of minerals with poor cleavage. Liquid interconnectivity probably is attained at 875 °C with only 2% liquid, indicating that dihedral angles less than 60° may not be necessary to achieve interconnectivity in partially melted metamorphic rocks. The surfaces between elongated grains in lineated rocks can become pathways for the migration of liquid or the diffusion of components. By 850 °C, hornblende begins to dehydrate at internal nucleation sites, producing a texture of hornblende rims and clinopyroxene cores (generally attributed to hydration of clinopyroxene). Within the temperature interval of 850–900 °C, transient vapor generates layers of low viscosity, H2O-saturated, granitoid liquid between hornblende and plagiocase crystal faces, potentially capable of segregation if time-temperature relationships are suitable. At higher temperatures the increased liquid fraction is H2O-undersaturated, with viscosity too high to permit segregation. There is a prospect that segregation of initially hydrous liquids could contribute to the dehydration of low-potassium amphibolites and effectively remove incompatible trace elements during the transition from amphibolite-facies to granulite-facies. Further experiments are needed to study the effects of time and temperature on textures in anisotropic rocks, particularly lineated amphibolites.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 19
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Naturwissenschaften 78 (1991), S. 414-417 
    ISSN: 1432-1904
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 20
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Schlagwort(e): food web ; trophic interactions ; production ; consumption
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract The interactions between the higher trophic levels in a shallow eutrophic lake were studied during the course of a year. Three fish species determined the main pathways of organic matter flow within the system: the predominantly planktivorous bream (Abramis brama), the obligate planktivorous smelt (Osmerus eperlanus), and the piscivorous pikeperch (Stizostedion lucioperca). Of the thirteen common zooplankton taxa Daphnia hyalina and cyclopoid copepods were utilized most by the planktivorous fish, while the large production of small cladocerans is almost left unutilized. The seasonal variations of production and consumption are large. This is mainly affected by seasonal variation of the water temperature. The production of O + smelt is efficiently utilized by the pikeperch. Being the most important zooplankton consumer, as well as the most important prey group, O + fish plays a key role in the Tjeukemeer food web.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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