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  • Other Sources  (33)
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  • 1
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    The black tide model of QSOs (1977)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: The paper develops certain aspects of a model wherein a QSO is a massive black hole located in a dense galactic nucleus, with its growth and luminosity fueled by tidal disruption of passing stars. Cross sections for tidal disruptions are calculated, taking into account the thermal energy of stars, relativistic effects, and partial disruption removing only the outer layers of a star. Accretion rates are computed for a realistic distribution of stellar masses and evolutionary phases, the effect of the black hole on the cluster distribution is examined, and the red-giant disruption rate is evaluated for hole mass of at least 300 million solar masses, the cutoff of disruption of main-sequence stars. The results show that this black-tide model can explain QSO luminosities of at least 1 trillion suns if the black hole remains almost maximally Kerr as it grows above 100 million solar masses and if 'loss-cone' depletion of the number of stars in disruptive orbits is unimportant.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Astrophysical Journal; vol. 212
    Format: text
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  • 2
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    The effect of primordial hydrogen/helium fractionation on the solar neutrino flux (1975)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: If hydrogen and helium are immiscible below some critical temperature, gravitational separation could occur in the proto-sun, resulting in a nearly pure helium core and a nearly pure hydrogen shell. We have constructed solar models according to this scenario and find the neutrino flux reduced to 1.5-3 SNU.
    Keywords: SOLAR PHYSICS
    Type: Astrophysical Journal; 196; Mar. 1
    Format: text
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  • 3
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    Disk instability and the spectral evolution of the 1992 outburst of the intermediate polar GK Persei (1994)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-08-31
    Description: The disk instability model can explain the previous history of dwarf-nova-like outbursts in the intermediate polar GK Per, which occur about once every three years. Disk models that reproduce the recurrence time and outburst light curves suggest that GK Per has a large effective inner disk radius (approx. 30-40 white dwarf radii) truncated by a strong magnetic field (10(exp 7) G). In this context, the effective radius is that of the portion of the disk that participates in the disk thermal instability. The radius derived is larger than the corotation radius, which must be an upper limit on the true dynamical inner radius of the disk. Disk instability models with this large effective inner radius predict that the ultraviolet continuum should be rather flat. Here we compare the predictions of the disk instability model to IUE observations of the 1981 outburst and to IUE and ROSAT observations of the recent 1992 outburst of GK Per. The model disk continuum spectral evolution is consistent with the observed UV and optical spectra, especially at maximum and in the early decay phase of the outburst. The consistency of the model with the observed UV spectra suggests that the effective inner radius of the disk is almost constant, independent of mass accretion rate, and that whatever structure lies between the effective inner radius and the corotation radius neither participates in the disk instability nor radiates substantially in the UV. The related physics of the inner disk region will be briefly discussed.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Lunar and Planetary Inst., Workshop on Physics of Accretion Disks Around Compact and Young Stars; p 2
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  • 4
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    The physics of black hole x ray novae (1994)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-08-31
    Description: X-ray transients that are established or plausible black hole candidates have been discovered at a rate of about one per year in the galaxy for the last five years. There are now well over a dozen black hole candidates, most being in the category of X-ray novae with low-mass companions. There may be hundreds of such transient systems in the galaxy yet to be discovered. Classic black hole candidates like Cygnus X-1 with massive companions are in the minority, and their census in the galaxy and magellanic clouds is likely to be complete. The black hole X-ray novae (BHXN) do not represent only the most common environment in which to discover black holes. Their time dependence gives a major new probe with which to study the physics of accretion into black holes. The BHXN show both a soft X-ray flux from an optically thick disk and a hard power law tail that is reminiscent of AGN spectra. The result may be new insight into the classical systems like Cyg X-1 and LMC X-1 that show similar power law tails, but also to accretion into supermassive black holes and AGN.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Lunar and Planetary Inst., Workshop on Physics of Accretion Disks Around Compact and Young Stars; p 11-12
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  • 5
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    A constraint on the pair-density ratio (Z+) in an electron-positron pair wind (1994)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-08-31
    Description: We derive a constraint on the pair density ratio, z(sub +) = n(sub +)/n(sub p), in an electron-positron pair wind flowing away from the central region of an accretion disk around a compact object under the assumption of a coupling between electrons, positrons, and protons. The minimum rate at which positrons are injected into the annihilation volume is given by the observed annihilation flux per unit volume. This rate is then used to determine a minimum mass loss rate per unit area, M(dot)(sub *) for a given pair density ratio at the base of the streamline. The requirement that M(dot)(sub *) less than M(dot)(sub *)(sub Edd) (the mean Eddington mass loss rate per unit area) then places a lower limit on the pair density ratio, z(sub +,)(sub min). A positron annihilation line was observed in Nova Muscae 1991 by GRANAT/SIGMA. The narrow width and redshift of the line suggest that the pair production and annihilation regions are physically distinct. We hypothesize that an electron-positron pair wind transports the pairs from the production to the annihilation region and calculate z(sub +),(sub min). We then determine constraints on the physical parameters on the pair production region by comparing z(sub +),(sub min) with previous studies of two-temperature and one-temperature accretion disks with electron-positron pairs.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Lunar and Planetary Inst., Workshop on Physics of Accretion Disks Around Compact and Young Stars; p 5
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  • 6
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    Disk irradiation and light curves of x ray novae (1994)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-08-31
    Description: We study the disk instability and the effect of irradiation on outbursts in the black hole X-ray nova system. In both the optical and soft X-rays, the light curves of several X-ray novae, A0620-00, GH 2000+25, Nova Muscae 1991 (GS 1124-68), and GRO J0422+32, show a main peak, a phase of exponential decline, a secondary maximum or reflare, and a final bump in the late decay followed by a rapid decline. Basic disk thermal limit cycle instabilities can account for the rapid rise and overall decline, but not the reflare and final bump. The rise time of the reflare, about 10 days, is too short to represent a viscous time, so this event is unlikely to be due to increased mass flow from the companion star. We explore the possibility that irradiation by X-rays produced in the inner disk can produce these secondary effects by enhancing the mass flow rate within the disk. Two plausible mechanisms of irradiation of the disk are considered: direct irradiation from the inner hot disk and reflected radiation from a corona or other structure above the disk. Both of these processes will be time dependent in the context of the disk instability model and result in more complex time-dependent behavior of the disk structure. We test both disk instability and mass transfer burst models for the secondary flares in the presence of irradiation.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Lunar and Planetary Inst., Workshop on Physics of Accretion Disks Around Compact and Young Stars; p 2
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  • 7
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    Convective accretion disks and the onset of dwarf nova outbursts (1982)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Vertically integrated, steady state convective models of accretion disks have been constructed to explore the mechanism of instability in dwarf novae. The models and observations of dwarf novae suggest a picture in which transferred matter piles up in an optically thin torus. The torus eventually becomes optically thick, and the resulting convective structure is thermally unstable. Matter then flows inward, and the sudden conversion of gravitational potential energy to radiation is identified as the dwarf nova outburst. At sufficiently high mass accretion rates, the inflow is continuous.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Astrophysical Journal; vol. 260
    Format: text
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  • 8
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    Time-dependent, optically thick accretion onto a black hole (1980)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: A fully relativistic hydrodynamics code which incorporates diffusive radiation transport is used to study time-dependent, spherically symmetric, optically thick accretion onto a black hole. It is found that matter free-falls into the hole regardless of whether the diffusion time scale is longer or shorter than the dynamical time. Nonadiabatic heating due to magnetic field reconnection is included. The internal energy thus generated affects the flow in a purely relativistic way, again ensuring free-fall collapse of the inflowing matter. Any matter enveloping a black hole will thus be swallowed on a dynamical time scale with relatively small net release of energy. The inclusion of angular momentum will not necessarily affect this conclusion.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: PB81-138646 , Astrophysical Journal; vol. 239
    Format: text
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  • 9
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    Anisotropic velocity distributions in M87 - Is a supermassive black hole necessary (1980)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: A collisionless distribution of stars with an anisotropic velocity distribution is considered as a model for the cores of spherical galaxies. The first moment of the corresponding Boltzmann equation is integrated to give the resulting density and velocity dispersion profiles. These distributions plus a central point source of light give a good fit to the data from recent observations of M87 without requiring a supermassive central object. This model requires one less fitting parameter than published models incorporating a central black hole. The same model with no point source of light also provides a good fit to the normal E1 galaxy NGC 3379. The success of this model in describing the cores of both M87 and NGC 3379 suggests that a supermassive black hole is not necessary in either.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Astrophysical Journal; vol. 237
    Format: text
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  • 10
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    X-ray bursts from magnetized accretion disks (1977)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: A model for the X-ray bursts of MXB 1730-335 and 3U 1820-30 (identified with the globular cluster NGC 6624) is presented in which a burst is due to the flarelike release of magnetic energy generated and stored as a toroidal field in an accretion disk. To fit the observed parameters, this model requires compact objects of the order of 10 solar masses, presumably black holes.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Astrophysical Journal; vol. 214
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