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  • 1
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    Unknown
    10Be/9Be ratios reveal marine authigenic clay formation (2020)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-01-30
    Description: As reverse weathering has been shown to impact long-term changes in atmospheric CO2 levels, it is crucial to develop quantitative tools to reconstruct marine authigenic clay formation. We explored the potential of the beryllium (Be) isotope ratio (10Be/9Be) recorded in marine clay-sized sediment to track neoformation of authigenic clays. The power of such proxy relies on the orders-of-magnitude difference in 10Be/9Be ratios between continental Be and Be dissolved in seawater. On riverine and marine sediments collected along a Chilean margin transect we chemically extracted reactive phases and separated the clay-sized sediment fraction. We compare the riverine and marine 10Be/9Be ratio of this fraction. Moreover, we compare the elemental and mineralogical composition and the Nd and Sr-isotopic composition of these samples. 10Be/9Be ratios increase four-fold from riverine to marine sediment. We attribute this increase to the incorporation of Be high in 10Be/9Be from dissolved biogenic opal, which also serves as a Si-source for the precipitation of marine authigenic clays. 10Be/9Be ratios thus sensitively track reverse-weathering reactions forming marine authigenic clays.
    Keywords: 10Be; authigenic clay; beryllium; Cosmogenic nuclide; denudation; reverse weathering
    Type: Dataset
    Format: application/zip, 4 datasets
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  • 2
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    Meteoric 10Be concentrations and OSL depositional ages of Rio Bermejo floodplain sediment (2020)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-06-21
    Description: To determine the depositional age and the long-term delivery of meteoric 10Be (10Bem) to the Rio Bermejo floodplain (northern Argentina), we collected floodplain sediment samples at four locations identified as point bars of abandoned Rio Bermejo channels. We used a stainless-steel hand auger to collect sediment down to a maximum depth of ~5 m, or until refusal. For 10Bem and 9Bereac analysis, we extracted samples that integrated material from 0-20 cm below the surface, 20-50 cm, and regularly spaced 40 cm intervals for lower depths. We homogenized the material prior to packing into clean plastic bags. Sediment particle size distributions were measured on ~10 mg aliquots using a laser diffraction particle size analyzer (Horiba LA-950). The total reactive phase, including amorphous oxyhydroxides and crystalline oxide grain coatings, was extracted from the sediment samples using a procedure adapted from Wittmann et al. (2012, doi:10.1016/j.chemgeo.2012.04.031). 10Be was purified from the extracted material, spiked with a 9Be carrier solution containing 150 µg of 9Be, and packed into targets for AMS measurement at the University of Cologne Centre for Accelerator Mass Spectrometry (Cologne, Germany). 10Be/9Be measurements were normalized to the KN01-6-2 and KN01-5-3 standards (Dewald et al., 2013, doi:10.1016/j.nimb.2012.04.030) that are consistent with a 10Be half-life of 1.36 ± 0.07 x10 yrˉ¹ (Nishiizumi et al., 2007, doi:10.1016/j.nimb.2007.01.297). 10Bem was calculated from the normalized and blank-corrected 10Be/9Be ratios. The reported 1σ uncertainties include counting statistics and the uncertainties of both standard normalization and blank correction. Stable 9Be concentrations were measured on a separate aliquot of the sample solution using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES). Uncertainty of ICP-OES measurements was 5%. We used coarse quartz grain OSL analysis to determine depositional ages for each floodplain core. For OSL analysis, we collected light-sealed samples by driving an opaque tube into our floodplain cores at two select depths in each core. OSL measurements were performed using a Risø DA 15 OSL/TL reader equipped with a 90Sr beta irradiator (4.9 Gy/min). OSL signals were stimulated with blue LEDs (470 nm, 50 s, 125 ºC) and detected through an optical filter (U 340 Hoya). For each sample, 40 aliquots were measured using the single-aliquot regenerative dose (SAR) protocol (Murray and Wintle, 2000, doi:10.1016/S1350-4487(03)00053-2) for equivalent dose determination.
    Keywords: Accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS); Age, error; Age, maximum/old; Age, minimum/young; Age, optical stimulated luminescence (OSL); Age, soil; ALTITUDE; Beryllium-10; Beryllium-10, standard deviation; Beryllium-10/Beryllium-9; Beryllium-10/Beryllium-9, standard deviation; Beryllium-9; Beryllium-9, standard deviation; Clay minerals; Depth, bottom/max; DEPTH, sediment/rock; Depth, top/min; Dose recovery test; Event label; Gas sorption analyszer (Quantachrome NOVAtouch LX) and BET-method (Brunauer et al., 1938); Grain Size; HADR; Hand auger (drill); LATITUDE; LONGITUDE; Mass; Median, grain size; meteoric 10Be; Number of subsamples; OSL; Paleodose; Paleodose, standard deviation; Profile; river sediment; Sample ID; Skewness; SP_1; SP_2; SP_3; SP_4; Specific surface area
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 482 data points
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  • 3
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    Meteoric 10Be, grain size, surface area data for Rio Bermejo suspended sediment depth profile samples (2020)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-06-21
    Description: To test the potential of meteoric 10Be (10Bem) as a river sediment transit time proxy, we measured 10Bem concentrations in river suspended sediment of the Rio Bermejo (northern Argentina), which is a river with a ~1300 km lowland flowpath void of tributaries. We collected fluvial suspended sediment in vertical depth profiles at five sampling locations along the length of the Rio Bermejo (northern Argentina) during near-bankfull conditions, when discharge varied between 675 and 1080 m**3/s and banks were actively eroding. Additionally, we collected one depth profile from Rio San Francisco (RSF) and one from the Rio Bermejo 10 km upstream of the RSF confluence. Combining these profiles and weighting them by the relative proportions of their total sediment load input to the mainstem Bermejo serves as an integrated headwater depth profile. In the thalweg, we collected water and suspended sediment from a boat using a weighted 8-liter horizontal sampling bottle (Wildco Beta Plus bottle) with an attached pressure transducer to measure sampling depth. We separated sediment from the water using a custom-built 5-liter pressurized filtration unit with a 293 mm diameter, 0.2 µm polyethersulfone filter. In the laboratory, we rinsed sediment off the filters directly into an evaporating dish with ultrapure 18.2 MΩ water (pH~7; when needed, we added NH3 solution to the water to maintain pH~7). Samples were dried in an oven at 40ºC, and subsequently homogenized. Sediment particle size distributions were measured on ~10 mg aliquots using a laser diffraction particle size analyzer (Horiba LA-950). Specific surface area (SSA) of bulk sediment samples was measured on ~4 g aliquots using a Quantachrome NOVAtouch LX gas sorption analyzer and the Brunauer, Emmett, and Teller (BET) theory (Brunauer et al., 1938). The total reactive phase, including amorphous oxyhydroxides and crystalline oxide grain coatings, was extracted from the sediment samples using a procedure adapted from Wittmann et al. (2012, doi:10.1016/j.chemgeo.2012.04.031). 10Bem was purified from the extracted material, spiked with a 9Be carrier solution containing 150 µg of 9Be, and packed into targets for AMS measurement at the University of Cologne Centre for Accelerator Mass Spectrometry (Cologne, Germany). 10Be /9Be measurements were normalized to the KN01-6-2 and KN01-5-3 standards (Dewald et al., 2013, doi:10.1016/j.nimb.2012.04.030) that are consistent with a 10Be half-life of 1.36 ± 0.07 x10^6 yrˉ¹ (Nishiizumi et al., 2007, doi:10.1016/j.nimb.2007.01.297). [10Be]m was calculated from the normalized and blank-corrected 10Be/9Be ratios. The reported 1σ uncertainties include counting statistics and the uncertainties of both standard normalization and blank correction. Stable 9Be concentrations were measured on a separate aliquot of the sample solution using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES). Uncertainty of ICP-OES measurements was 5%.
    Keywords: Accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS); AR17DS-001; AR17MR-05; AR17MR-06; AR17MR-07; AR17MR-08; AR17MR-11; AR17MR-12; AR17MR-13; AR17MR-14; AR17MR-24; AR17MR-25; AR17MR-26; AR17MR-27; AR17MR-30; AR17MR-31; AR17MR-32; AR17MR-33; AR17MR-34; AR17MR-35; AR17MR-36; AR17MR-42; AR17MR-43; AR17MR-44; AR17MR-45; AR17MR-46; Beryllium-10; Beryllium-10, standard deviation; Beryllium-10/Beryllium-9; Beryllium-10/Beryllium-9, standard deviation; Beryllium-9; Beryllium-9, standard deviation; Calculated/normalized; CONFLUENCE; DEPTH, water; Distance; El Colgado; ELEVATION; Embarcacion; Event label; Gas sorption analyszer (Quantachrome NOVAtouch LX) and BET-method (Brunauer et al., 1938); General Mansilla; Grain Size; integrated; LATITUDE; LONGITUDE; Median, grain size; meteoric 10Be; OSL; pH; Puerto lavalle; Reserva Natural Formosa; Rio San Francisco; river sediment; Sample ID; Scattering Particle Size Distribution Analyzer LA-950 (Horiba); Size fraction 〈 0.063 mm, mud, silt+clay; Specific surface area; Suspended sediment concentration
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 401 data points
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  • 4
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    Particulate organic carbon composition, granulometric and geochemical data for suspended sediment from the Rio Bermejo (Argentina) collected in March 2017 (2020)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-06-21
    Description: To study the transformation of organic carbon through long distance transport in rivers, we measured the composition of bulk organic carbon in river suspended sediment of the Rio Bermejo (northern Argentina). This river has a ~1300 km lowland flowpath with no significant tributaries. We collected fluvial suspended sediment in vertical depth profiles at five sampling locations along the length of the Rio Bermejo (northern Argentina) during near-bankfull conditions, when discharge varied between 675 and 1080 m3/s and banks were actively eroding. Additionally, we collected one depth profile from the Rio San Francisco (RSF) and one from the Rio Bermejo 10 km upstream of the RSF confluence. Combining these profiles and weighting them by the relative proportions of their total sediment load input to the mainstem Bermejo serves as a depth profile representing the headwaters. At each depth profile location, we collected water and suspended sediment from the channel thalweg by boat. We used a weighted 8-liter horizontal sampling bottle (Wildco Beta Plus bottle) with an attached pressure transducer to measure sampling depth. We separated sediment from the water using a custom-built 5-liter pressurized filtration unit with a 293 mm diameter, 0.2 µm polyethersulfone filter. In the laboratory, we rinsed sediment off the filters directly into an evaporating dish with ultrapure 18.2 MΩ water (pH~7). Samples were dried in an oven at 40ºC, and subsequently homogenized. Sediment particle size distributions were measured on ~10 mg aliquots using a laser diffraction particle size analyzer (Horiba LA-950). Specific surface area (SSA) of bulk sediment samples was measured on ~4 g aliquots using a Quantachrome NOVAtouch LX gas sorption analyzer and the Brunauer, Emmett, and Teller (BET) theory (Brunauer et al., 1938). Aliquots for organic carbon measurements were first treated with 4% HCl solution to remove inorganic carbon, following Galy et al. (2007, doi:10.1111/j.1751-908X.2007.00864.x). Total organic carbon (TOCPOC) and δ13C of POC was measured in duplicate at Durham University using a Costech elemental analyzer (EA) coupled to a CONFLO III and Thermo Scientific Delta V Advantage isotope ratio mass spectrometer (IRMS). Radiocarbon content was measured using an EA coupled to an accelerator mass spectrometer (EA-AMS) at ETH Zurich. We report 14C content as fraction modern (F14C), by normalizing measurements to 95% of the 1950 NBS Oxalic Acid II standard (δ13C = -17.8‰) and correcting for mass-dependent fractionation using a common δ13C value of -25‰. OC loading is the mass of organic carbon in a sample normalized by the sample's specific surface area (SSA). Reactive metals in the amorphous oxyhydroxide and crystalline oxide grain coatings, were extracted from the sediment samples using a procedure adapted from Wittmann et al. (2012, doi:10.1016/j.chemgeo.2012.04.031). The extracted oxyhydroxides and oxides were dried down and diluted in 3M HNO3. A 100 μl aliquot was taken for measurement of metal concentrations. Al, Fe, Mg, and Mn concentrations were measured using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES). Uncertainty of ICP-OES measurements was 〈5%. All depth-integrated values are calculated as a function of the suspended sediment concentration relative to the depth-averaged suspended sediment concentration.
    Keywords: Aluminium, reactive; AR17MR-05; AR17MR-06; AR17MR-07; AR17MR-08; AR17MR-11; AR17MR-12; AR17MR-13; AR17MR-14; AR17MR-24; AR17MR-25; AR17MR-26; AR17MR-27; AR17MR-30; AR17MR-31; AR17MR-32; AR17MR-33; AR17MR-34; AR17MR-35; AR17MR-36; AR17MR-42; AR17MR-43; AR17MR-44; AR17MR-45; AR17MR-46; Carbon, organic, loading; Carbon, organic, loading, standard error; Carbon, organic, total; Carbon, organic, total, standard error; CONFLUENCE; DATE/TIME; Depth, relative; Depth comment; Distance; El Colgado; Element analyser CHN (Costech) coupled to a CONFLO III and Thermo Scientific Delta V Advantage isotope ratio mass spectrometer (IRMS); Element analyzer coupled to an accelerator mass spectrometer (EA-AMS); ELEVATION; Embarcacion; Event label; Fraction modern carbon; Fraction modern carbon, standard error; Gas sorption analyszer (Quantachrome NOVAtouch LX) and BET-method (Brunauer et al., 1938); General Mansilla; Grain Size; ICP-OES, Inductively coupled plasma - optical emission spectrometry; Iron, reactive; LATITUDE; LONGITUDE; Magnesium, reactive; Manganese, reactive; Median, grain size; Normalized; oxyhydroxide; Particulate organic carbon; Puerto lavalle; radiocarbon; Reactive minerals, total; Reserva Natural Formosa; Rio San Francisco; river sediment; Sample ID; Scattering Particle Size Distribution Analyzer LA-950 (Horiba); Sediment transit time; Sediment transit time, uncertainty; Size fraction 〈 0.030 mm; Specific surface area; surface area; Suspended sediment concentration; TOC; Weighted average; δ13C; δ13C, standard error
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 528 data points
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  • 5
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    Analysis of cosmogenic 10Be concentrations of Siwalik sediments and modern river sands from the north-western Himalaya and the calculated 10Be-derived paleoerosion rates (2021)
    GFZ Data Services
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-08-24
    Description: Abstract
    Description: These datasets were used to evaluate the main controls on last ~6 million years erosion rate variability of the northwestern Himalaya. The Earth’s climate has been cooling during the last ~15 million years and started fluctuating between cold and warm periods since ~2-3 million years ago. Many researchers think that these long-term climatic changes were accompanied by changes in continental erosion. However, quantifying erosion rates in the geological past is challenging, and previous studies reached contrasting conclusions. In this study, we quantified erosion rates in the north-western Indian Himalaya over the past 6 million years by measuring in situ-produced cosmogenic 10Be in exhumed older foreland basin sediments. The 10Be is produced by cosmic rays in minerals at the Earth's surface, and its abundance indicates erosion rates. Our reconstructed erosion rates show a quasi-cyclic pattern with a periodicity of ~1 million year and a gradual increase towards the present. We suggest that both patterns—cyclicity and gradual increase—are unrelated to climatic changes. Instead, we propose that the growth of the Himalaya by repeatedly scraping off rocks from the Indian plate (basal accretion), resulted in changes of its topography that were accompanied by changes in erosion rates. In this scenario, basal accretion episodically changes rock-uplift patterns, which brings landscapes out of equilibrium and results in quasi-cyclic variations in erosion rates. We used numerical landscape evolution simulations to demonstrate that this hypothesis is physically plausible. Datasets provided here includes summary of the location, depositional age, and stratigraphic position of 41 Siwalik sandstone samples collected from the Haripur section in Himachal Pradesh, India (Dataset S1); 10Be analysis results of Siwalik samples (2021-006_Mandal-et-al_Dataset-S1); sample location and 10Be analysis results of modern river sands from the Yamuna River and its tributaries near the Dehradun Basin (2021-006_Mandal-et-al_Dataset-S2); input parameters for the calculation of paleoerosion rates (2021-006_Mandal-et-al_Dataset-S3); and reconstructed 10Be paleoconcentrations and paleoerosion rates (Dataset S4). Moreover, the data include a compilation of published magnetostratigraphy-derived sediment accumulation rates in the late Cenozoic Himalayan foreland basin (2021-006_Mandal-et-al_Dataset-S5). We also include a movie (2021-006_Mandal-et-al_Movie-S1) that is a complete numerical landscape evolution model run with four consecutive accretion cycles of equal magnitude. For more information (for e.g., sampling method, analytical procedure, and data processing) please refer to the associated data description file and the main article (Mandal et al., 2021).
    Keywords: Himalaya ; cosmogenic 10Be ; paleoerosion rate ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 CLIMATE INDICATORS 〉 PALEOCLIMATE INDICATORS 〉 BERYLLIUM-10 ANALYSIS ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 LAND SURFACE 〉 EROSION/SEDIMENTATION 〉 EROSION ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 LAND SURFACE 〉 EROSION/SEDIMENTATION 〉 SEDIMENTS
    Type: Dataset , Dataset
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  • 6
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    Data Supplement to: Cosmogenic 10Be in river sediment: where grain size matters and why (2019)
    GFZ Data Services
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-11-30
    Description: Abstract
    Description: Concentrations of in-situ-produced cosmogenic 10Be in river sediment are widely used to estimate catchment-average denudation rates. Typically, the 10Be concentrations are measured in the sand fraction of river sediment. However, the grain size of bedload sediment in most bedrock rivers covers a much wider range. Where 10Be concentrations depend on grain size, denudation rate estimates based on the sand fraction alone are potentially biased. To date, knowledge about catchment attributes that may induce grain-size-dependent 10Be concentrations is incomplete or has only been investigated in modelling studies. Here we present an empirical study on the occurrence of grain-size-dependent 10Be concentrations and the potential controls of hillslope angle, precipitation, lithology, and abrasion. We first conducted a study focusing on the sole effect of precipitation in four granitic catchments located on a climate gradient in the Chilean Coastal Cordillera. We found that observed grain size dependencies of 10Be concentrations in the most-arid and most-humid catchments could be explained by the effect of precipitation on both the scouring depth of erosion processes and the depth of the mixed soil layer. Analysis of a global dataset of published 10Be concentrations in different grain sizes (n=73 catchments) – comprising catchments with contrasting hillslope angles, climate, lithology, and catchment size – revealed a similar pattern. Lower 10Be concentrations in coarse grains (defined as “negative grain size dependency”) emerge frequently in catchments which likely have thin soil and where deep-seated erosion processes (e.g. landslides) excavate grains over a larger depth interval. These catchments include steep (〉 25°) and humid catchments (〉 2000mm yr-1). Furthermore, we found that an additional cause of negative grain size dependencies may emerge in large catchments with weak lithologies and long sediment travel distances (〉 2300–7000 m, depending on lithology) where abrasion may lead to a grain size distribution that is not representative for the entire catchment. The results of this study can be used to evaluate whether catchment-average denudation rates are likely to be biased in particular catchments.Samples from the Chilean Coastal Cordillera were processed in the Helmholtz Laboratory for the Geochemistry of the Earth Surface (HELGES). 10Be/9Be ratios were measured at the University of Cologne and normalized to the KN01-6-2 and KN01-5-3 standards. Denudation rates were calculated using a time-independent scaling scheme according to Lal (1991) and Stone (2002) (St scaling scheme) and the SLHL production rate of 4.01 at g-1 yr-1 as reported by Phillips et al. (2016)The global compilation exists of studies that measured 10Be concentrations in different grain sizes from the same sample location. We only included river basins of 〈5000 km2 which measured 10Be concentrations in at least one sand-sized fraction 〈2 mm and at least one coarser fraction 〉2 mm. Catchment parameters have been recalculated using a 90-m SRTM DEM.The data are presented in Excel and csv tables. Table S1 describes the characteristics of the samples catchments, Table S2 includes the grain size dependent 10Be-concentrations measured during this study and Table 3 the global compilation of grain size dependent 10Be-concentrations. All samples of this study (the Chilean Coastal Cordillera) are assigned with International Geo Sample Numbers (IGSN). The IGSN links are included in Table S2 and in the Related References Section on the DOI Landing Page. The data are described in detail in the data description file and in van Dongen et al. (2018) to which they are supplementary material to.
    Keywords: Denudation ; Grain size dependent 10Be-concentrations ; Chile ; Coastal Cordillera ; Global compilation ; Cosmogenic 10Be ; Cosmogenic nuclides ; chemical element 〉 element of group II (alkaline earth metals) 〉 beryllium ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 GEOMORPHIC LANDFORMS/PROCESSES 〉 FLUVIAL PROCESSES 〉 ABRASION ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 ROCKS/MINERALS/CRYSTALS 〉 BEDROCK LITHOLOGY ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 LAND SURFACE 〉 EROSION/SEDIMENTATION 〉 LANDSLIDES ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 LAND SURFACE 〉 EROSION/SEDIMENTATION 〉 WEATHERING ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 LAND SURFACE 〉 EROSION/SEDIMENTATION 〉 SEDIMENT TRANSPORT ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 LAND SURFACE 〉 EROSION/SEDIMENTATION 〉 EROSION
    Type: Dataset
    Format: 4 Files
    Format: application/octet-stream
    Format: application/octet-stream
    Format: application/octet-stream
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  • 7
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    Sample and Modelling Data for Cosmogenic 10Be in Medial Moraine Debris of Glacier d’Otemma, Switzerland (2022)
    GFZ Data Services
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-02-08
    Description: Abstract
    Description: This data publication is supplementary to the study on headwall erosion rates at Glacier d'Otemma in Switzerland, by Wetterauer et al. (2022). Debris on glacier surfaces stems from steep bedrock hillslopes that tower above the ice, so-called headwalls. Recently, rock walls in high-alpine glacial environments experience increased destabilization due to climate warming. Since supraglacial debris alters the melt behaviour of the ice underneath, increased headwall erosion and debris delivery to glacier surfaces will modify glacial mass balances. Therefore, we expect that the response of glaciers to climate change is likely linked to how headwall erosion responds to climate change. As headwall debris is deposited on the ice surface of valley glaciers it is passively transported downglacier, both supra- and englacially. Where two glaciers join, debris along their margins is merged to form medial moraines. Since medial moraine debris tends to be older downglacier, systematic downglacier-sampling of medial moraine debris and the measurement of in situ-produced cosmogenic 10Be concentrations ([10Be]) hold the potential to assess long-term (〉10^2-10^4 yrs) headwall erosion rates through time. However, to obtain the cosmogenic signals of headwall erosion, [10Be] within supraglacial debris need to be corrected for glacial transport time, as cosmogenic nuclides continue to accumulate during exposure and transport. This additional 10Be accumulation during debris transport can be accounted for by simple downglacier debris trajectory modelling. Providing our 10Be dataset together with detailed information on our 1-D modelling approach is the main objective of this data publication. The data is presented as one single xlsx-file with three different tables. A detailed description of the sample processing and the debris trajectory model are provided in the data description file of this data publication. For more information see our study Wetterauer et al. (2022).
    Description: Other
    Description: The data were collected as part of the project “COLD”, which investigates the Climate Sensitivity of Glacial Landscape Dynamics with a focus on the European Alps. This research receives funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant agreement 759639.
    Keywords: Alpine glaciers ; medial moraines ; cosmogenic 10Be ; grain size ; headwall erosion rates ; supraglacial debris ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 LAND SURFACE 〉 EROSION/SEDIMENTATION 〉 EROSION ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 GEOCHEMISTRY 〉 GEOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES 〉 CHEMICAL CONCENTRATIONS ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 GEOCHEMISTRY 〉 GEOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES 〉 ISOTOPES ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 GEOMORPHIC LANDFORMS/PROCESSES 〉 GLACIAL LANDFORMS 〉 MORAINES 〉 MEDIAL MORAINE
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    DATA GFZ
  • 8
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    Data of leaf wax hydrogen isotope ratios and climatic variables along an aridity gradient in Chile and globally (2023)
    GFZ Data Services
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-11-10
    Description: Abstract
    Description: This data publication is supplementary to a study on the climatic controls on leaf wax hydrogen isotopes, by Gaviria-Lugo et al. (2023). The dataset contains hydrogen isotope ratios from leaf wax n-alkanes (δ2Hwax) taken from soils, river sediments and marine surface sediments along a climatic gradient from hyperarid to humid in Chile. In addition, for each sampling site the hydrogen isotope ratios from precipitation (δ2Hpre) from the grids produced by the Online Isotopes in Precipitation Calculator (OIPC) (Bowen and Revenaugh, 2003). Furthermore, for each sampling site we report mean annual data of precipitation, actual evapotranspiration, relative humidity, and soil moisture, all derived from TerraClimate (Abatzoglou et al., 2018). Also provide data of mean annual temperature and the annual average of maximum daily temperature derived from WorldClim (Fick and Hijmans, 2017). As a final climatic parameter, we also derived data of aridity index from the Consultative Group of the International Agricultural Research Consortium for Spatial Information (CGIARCSI) (Trabucco and Zomer, 2022). In addition to climatic variables, for each site we include land cover fractions of trees, shrubs, grasses, crops, and barren land. These land cover fractions were obtained from Collection 2 of the Copernicus Global Land Cover layers (Buchhorn et al., 2020) via Google Earth Engine. For further comparison here we provide δ2Hwax compiled from 26 publications (see references) that reported both the n-C29 and n-C31 n-alkanes homologues from soils and lake sediments. For each sampling site of the global compilation, we provide δ2Hpre and the same climatic and land cover parameters as for the Chilean data (i.e., precipitation, actual evapotranspiration, relative humidity, soil moisture, aridity index, temperature, fraction of trees, fraction of grasses, etc.), using the same sources. The data is provided here as one single .xlsx file containing 9 data sheets, but also as 9 individual .csv files, to be accessed using the file format of preference. Additionally, 5 supplementary figures that accompany the publication Gaviria-Lugo et al. (2023) are provided in one single .pdf file. The samples taken for this study were assigned International Geo Sample Numbers (IGSNs), which are included in the provided tables S4, S5 and S6.
    Keywords: Leaf-wax ; n-alkanes ; compound specific isotopes ; aridity ; evapotranspiration ; apparent fractionation ; hyperaridity ; Chile ; non-linear ; river sediment ; soils ; marine surface sediments ; chemical 〉 biochemical substance 〉 lipid ; chemical 〉 organic substance 〉 hydrocarbon 〉 alkane ; climate 〉 climate type 〉 desert climate ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 ATMOSPHERE 〉 ATMOSPHERIC WATER VAPOR 〉 EVAPOTRANSPIRATION ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 CLIMATE INDICATORS 〉 PALEOCLIMATE INDICATORS 〉 BIOLOGICAL RECORDS 〉 BIOMARKER ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 CLIMATE INDICATORS 〉 PALEOCLIMATE INDICATORS 〉 PALEOCLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS 〉 DROUGHT/PRECIPITATION RECONSTRUCTION ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 LAND SURFACE 〉 LAND USE/LAND COVER 〉 LAND COVER ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 LAND SURFACE 〉 SOILS 〉 SOIL MOISTURE/WATER CONTENT ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 PALEOCLIMATE 〉 LAND RECORDS 〉 ISOTOPES ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 PALEOCLIMATE 〉 LAND RECORDS 〉 SEDIMENTS
    Type: Dataset , Dataset
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  • 9
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    Denudation and weathering rates of carbonate landscapes from meteoric 10Be/9Be ratios (2024)
    GFZ Data Services
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-05-13
    Description: Abstract
    Description: We provide sample information and geochemical data for obtaining erosion, weathering, and denudation rates from a framework based cosmogenic meteoric 10Be versus stable 9Be (10Be/9Be) ratios. We modified this published silicate framework (von Blanckenburg et al., 2012) to carbonate landscapes, and performed thorough ground-truthing and testing of assumptions, as this is the first application of the framework for carbonate lithologies. The most important methodological findings are as follows: 1) We amended a sequential extraction step specific for solubilizing total carbonate-bound Be using acetic acid. As this extraction cannot distinguish between secondary and primary carbonate, we employed carbon stable isotopes to obtain the fraction of Be associated with secondary carbonate. We find that 〉90% of total carbonate-bound Be is bound to secondary carbonate, meaning that distinguishing between secondary and primary carbonate and employing carbon stable isotopes may not be necessary. 2) Using radiogenic strontium isotope ratios we found that about a third of the 9Be contained in secondary carbonate is derived from the dissolution of silicate phases, likely clastic impurities such as clays. These silicate phases also adsorb meteoric 10Be during weathering. The method is thus applicable to pure limestone as well as mixed carbonate-siliciclastic lithologies. 3) Total 9Be concentrations in bedrock are heterogeneous in the Jura, and are potentially controlled by the amount of silicate impurities contained in limestone. Yet the average 9Beparent in summed carbonate- and silicate-bound fractions (0.07 ug/g) is about 9 times lower than values from existing rock databases. In limestones studies, 9Beparent must be thus determined case-by-case on local bedrock. 4) The analysis of partition coefficients Kd for 10Be and 9Be, respectively, and very similar 10Be/9Be ratios show that dissolved Be has equilibrated between reactive (amorphous and crystalline Fe-oxides) and secondary carbonate phases. Secondary carbonate phases are thus part of the reactive Be pool in limestone settings. 5) As in previous studies in silicate lithologies 10Be and 9Be concentrations show pronounced differences between soil and sediment samples that we attribute to grain size dependence and sorting. The 10Be/9Be ratios however cover a remarkably narrow range for all samples, resulting a in narrow range in denudation rates. 6) The fraction of 9Be released by weathering and partitioned into the secondary reactive or dissolved phase serves as a Be-specific proxy for the degree of weathering. 7) The atmospheric depositional flux of 10Be estimated for the Jura mountains from concentrations of dissolved and particulate 10Be and river gauging is about 80% of estimates from independent global GCM-based distribution maps. The GCM estimates thus provide sufficient accuracy. From application of these new principles, weathering and erosion in the French Jura Mountains can be described as follows: The proportion of weathering in total denudation W/D is 〉0.9, due to the high purity of the limestone that almost completely dissolved except for a small silicate mineral fraction that, however, carries 50% of the bedrock’s 9Be. Resulting 10Be/9Be-derived denudation rates are on average 300 t/km2/yr for soils and 580 t/km2/yr for river sediments. The soil-derived values agree well with previous estimates from gauging data despite their entirely different (decadal vs. millennial) integration time scales. That sediment-derived denudation rates exceed those from soil we attribute to a 30-60% contribution from subsurface bedrock weathering. On a global scale, our data provides the first cosmogenic-based denudation rates for the precipitation (MAP) range of 1200 to 1700 mm/yr under a temperate climate and dense vegetation cover. Previous millennial-scale denudation rates from in situ-36Cl in calcite from less vegetated sites do not exceed 250 t/km2/yr in this precipitation range. With 500-600 t/km2/yr our denudation rates peak at MAP of 1200-1300 mm/yr, and then show a trend of decreasing D with increasing MAP.
    Keywords: Meteoric 10Be; meteoric cosmogenic nuclides; 10Be/9Be; carbonate landscapes; weathering; erosion; denudation ; chemical element 〉 element of group II (alkaline earth metals) 〉 beryllium ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 CLIMATE INDICATORS 〉 PALEOCLIMATE INDICATORS 〉 BERYLLIUM-10 ANALYSIS ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 CLIMATE INDICATORS 〉 PALEOCLIMATE INDICATORS 〉 LAND RECORDS 〉 ISOTOPES ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 LAND SURFACE 〉 EROSION/SEDIMENTATION 〉 EROSION ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 LAND SURFACE 〉 GEOMORPHOLOGY 〉 KARST LANDFORMS/PROCESSES ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 GEOCHEMISTRY 〉 GEOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES 〉 ISOTOPE RATIOS ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 GEOMORPHIC LANDFORMS/PROCESSES 〉 KARST PROCESSES 〉 WEATHERING
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