ALBERT

Description: A total of 152 samples (8 cm average sample spacing) were analysed for carbonate d13C in order to identify the two characteristic positive excursions associated with the Lower and Upper Kellwasser Events. Measurements on powdered samples weighing 120-150 μg were carried out on a ThermoScientific Delta V Plus mass spectrometer at the University of Münster, using an in-house standard (Kabonat-1; δ13C = 1.46‰, δ18O = -1.19‰) for calibration and an external standard (NBS-19; δ13C = 1.95‰, δ18O = -2.20‰) for long-term performance monitoring.

Description: A total of 556 samples (3 cm average sample spacing) were collected from the 12 m long Winsenberg section in order to reconstruct a floating timescale using cyclostratigraphic methods and to investigate paleoclimatic dynamics using selected elemental ratios. Samples were measured as a powder covered with Chemplex film on a Bruker S1 Titan 800 portable XRF at the University of Münster with the following settings: 40 kV, 20 mA, no filters, 75 s. Spectra were deconvoluted in Bruker Artrax software, and linearly calibrated using a set of 10 sedimentary standards of known composition and 11 calcite-quart mixtures. The composition of these standards is also included. Selected elemental ratios were tuned via the methods described in the accompanying manuscript, and are included in this dataset as well.

Description: A total of 556 samples (3 cm average sample spacing) were collected from the 12 m long Winsenberg section in order to reconstruct a floating timescale using cyclostratigraphic methods and to investigate paleoclimatic dynamics using selected elemental ratios. Samples were measured as a powder covered with Chemplex film on a Bruker S1 Titan 800 portable XRF at the University of Münster with the following settings: 40 kV, 20 mA, no filters, 75 s. Spectra were deconvoluted in Bruker Artrax software, and linearly calibrated using a set of 10 sedimentary standards of known composition and 11 calcite-quart mixtures. The composition of these standards is also included. Selected elemental ratios were tuned via the methods described in the accompanying manuscript, and are included in this dataset as well.

Description: A total of 556 samples (3 cm average sample spacing) were collected from the 12 m long Winsenberg section in order to reconstruct a floating timescale using cyclostratigraphic methods and to investigate paleoclimatic dynamics using selected elemental ratios. Samples were measured as a powder covered with Chemplex film on a Bruker S1 Titan 800 portable XRF at the University of Münster with the following settings: 40 kV, 20 mA, no filters, 75 s. Spectra were deconvoluted in Bruker Artrax software, and linearly calibrated using a set of 10 sedimentary standards of known composition and 11 calcite-quart mixtures. The composition of these standards is also included. Selected elemental ratios were tuned via the methods described in the accompanying manuscript, and are included in this dataset as well.

Description: A total of 34 samples (35 cm average sample spacing) were analysed for organic carbon d13C in order to identify the two characteristic positive excursions associated with the Lower and Upper Kellwasser Events. Measurements were carried out at the Analytical, Environmental and Geo-Chemistry Research Group (AMGC) of the Vrije Universiteit Brussel (Belgium). The samples were decarbonated with 10% HCl in two steps, rinsed with milliQ water, and dried in an oven at 50°C. Total organic carbon (TOC) contents and δ13Corg compositions were determined on a Euro EA 150 Elemental Analyzer (CHNS) - Euro Vector HT-PyrOH combustion system coupled to a Nu-Instruments Horizon 2 isotope ratio mass spectrometer.

Description: This high-resolution multiproxy dataset was collected in Fall 2021 from the Winsenberg road cut section (Rhenish Massif, Germany, 51°22'17.1N, 8°47'51.0E) in order to construct a precession-scale paleoclimatological record of the Kellwasser Crisis at the Devonian Frasnian-Famennian boundary (ca. 372 Ma). Samples were collected every 3 cm from a ca. 12 m long section spanning both the Lower and Upper Kellwasser black shales. The lithology of the section consists of marls, shales, and carbonates, and represents a shelf basin setting south of the paleocontinent Laurentia. Rock samples were collected with a hammer and chisel and subsequently pulverized with a dremel drill to a particle size of 〈180 microns. A total of 556 samples (3 cm average sample spacing) were collected from the 12 m long Winsenberg section in order to reconstruct a floating timescale using cyclostratigraphic methods and to investigate paleoclimatic dynamics using selected elemental ratios. Samples were measured as a powder covered with Chemplex film on a Bruker S1 Titan 800 portable XRF at the University of Münster with the following settings: 40 kV, 20 mA, no filters, 75 s. Spectra were deconvoluted in Bruker Artrax software, and linearly calibrated using a set of 10 sedimentary standards of known composition and 11 calcite-quart mixtures. The composition of these standards is also included. Selected elemental ratios were tuned via the methods described in the accompanying manuscript, and are included in this dataset as well. A total of 152 samples (8 cm average sample spacing) were analysed for carbonate d13C in order to identify the two characteristic positive excursions associated with the Lower and Upper Kellwasser Events. Measurements on powdered samples weighing 120-150 μg were carried out on a ThermoScientific Delta V Plus mass spectrometer at the University of Münster, using an in-house standard (Kabonat-1; δ13C = 1.46‰, δ18O = -1.19‰) for calibration and an external standard (NBS-19; δ13C = 1.95‰, δ18O = -2.20‰) for long-term performance monitoring. A total of 34 samples (35 cm average sample spacing) were analysed for organic carbon d13C in order to identify the two characteristic positive excursions associated with the Lower and Upper Kellwasser Events. Measurements were carried out at the Analytical, Environmental and Geo-Chemistry Research Group (AMGC) of the Vrije Universiteit Brussel (Belgium). The samples were decarbonated with 10% HCl in two steps, rinsed with milliQ water, and dried in an oven at 50°C. Total organic carbon (TOC) contents and δ13Corg compositions were determined on a Euro EA 150 Elemental Analyzer (CHNS) - Euro Vector HT-PyrOH combustion system coupled to a Nu-Instruments Horizon 2 isotope ratio mass spectrometer. The results were calibrated using two international standards, IAEA-C6 (sucrose: δ13C = -10.45‰) and IA-R068 (soy protein: δ13C = -25.22‰), together with reference material IVA33802151, which is calibrated against these international standards (organic-rich sediment: δ13C = -28.85‰). This calibration was verified with a further reference material, IVA33802153 (organic-rich soil: δ13C = -22.88‰). 4 samples were analysed for their relative clay mineral content. Glass smear slides were prepared and measured on a Philips X'Pert Modular Powder Diffractometer at the University of Münster, equipped with a Cu anode (1.5405 Å) and operated with the following settings: 45 kV voltage, 40 mA current, 0.02°θ step size, 1 s per measurement step, 3-50°2θ measuring range, 30 runs per sample, and no sample rotation. Note that the data obtained via this analysis is not quantitative.

Description: 4 samples were analysed for their relative clay mineral content. Glass smear slides were prepared and measured on a Philips X'Pert Modular Powder Diffractometer at the University of Münster, equipped with a Cu anode (1.5405 Å) and operated with the following settings: 45 kV voltage, 40 mA current, 0.02°θ step size, 1 s per measurement step, 3-50°2θ measuring range, 30 runs per sample, and no sample rotation. Note that the data obtained via this analysis is not quantitative.

Description: A total of 34 samples (35 cm average sample spacing) were analysed for organic carbon d13C in order to identify the two characteristic positive excursions associated with the Lower and Upper Kellwasser Events. Measurements were carried out at the Analytical, Environmental and Geo-Chemistry Research Group (AMGC) of the Vrije Universiteit Brussel (Belgium). The samples were decarbonated with 10% HCl in two steps, rinsed with milliQ water, and dried in an oven at 50°C. Total organic carbon (TOC) contents and δ13Corg compositions were determined on a Euro EA 150 Elemental Analyzer (CHNS) - Euro Vector HT-PyrOH combustion system coupled to a Nu-Instruments Horizon 2 isotope ratio mass spectrometer. The results were calibrated using two international standards, IAEA-C6 (sucrose: δ13C = -10.45‰) and IA-R068 (soy protein: δ13C = -25.22‰), together with reference material IVA33802151, which is calibrated against these international standards (organic-rich sediment: δ13C = -28.85‰). This calibration was verified with a further reference material, IVA33802153 (organic-rich soil: δ13C = -22.88‰).