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  • Temperature  (2)
  • Springer  (2)
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  • Springer  (2)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The 11-year cycle in human births (1993)
    Springer
    International journal of biometeorology 37 (1993), S. 72-77 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1254
    Keywords: Human births ; Conception ; 11-Year cycles ; Magnetic disturbances ; Sunspots ; Temperature
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geography , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The annual numbers of human births were analyzed with regard to an 11-year cycle. The annual values were obtained from seven different regions: Australia, Germany, England and Wales, New Zealand, Japan, Switzerland, and the USA. Fifty-five annual values were obtained from each region for the years 1930 to 1984, comprising approximately five sunspot cycles. For each region the annual values were formed into 5 by 11 matrices; the eleven column means obtained were standardized, and plotted. A periodic regression technique, utilizing the fitting functions of the Fourier series, was used to evaluate the temporal order in the column means. Eleven-year rhythms were found and compared with solar and geophysical variables. Correlations were found with sunspots and solar flares, with terrestrial measures of magnetic disturbances (the magnetic indices derived from the K-index), and with temperature. The correlation of conceptions with the 11-year solar cycle may be a potential guide in the selection of further variables for the control and regulation of the rhythms in human conceptions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01214384
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Photoperiod, temperature, and regional patterns of conceptions in the USA (1993)
    Springer
    International journal of biometeorology 37 (1993), S. 52-60 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1254
    Keywords: Human births ; Rhythms ; Bimodal ; Temperature ; Photoperiod
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geography , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Twenty-two years of monthly values of birth data for the USA, 1967 through 1988, were analyzed by visual inspection. The data were transformed to remove the influence of length of month and of linear trend, and the values were lagged 9 months to approximate the time of conception. Then, 11-year monthly averages were obtained and plotted as standard scores. Thus two 11-year sets of data were independently analyzed, providing the opportunity of replication. Four distinct temporal patterns were found, differing in month of occurrence of the initial trough and peak and the relative sizes of the two troughs; these characteristics of the temporal pattern change systematically with latitude in the eastern and midwestern states. Data from two other continents, the United Kingdom and Australia, also were analyzed using the same method and found to exhibit a temporal pattern during the year similar to the northern states of the USA. Two biologically relevant variables, temperature and photoperiod, were considered as possible controllers and regulators of the annual rhythmicity. Comparisons of the trends in conceptions with these environmental variables, and inspections of the temperatures and photoperiods at which peaks and troughs in conceptions were found, indicated that these environmental variables could not account for the annual rhythmicity in conceptions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01212768
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