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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: The Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) Entry, Descent and Landing Instrumentation (MEDLI) hardware was a first-of-its-kind sensor system that gathered temperature and pressure readings on the MSL heatshield during Mars entry on August 6, 2012. MEDLI began as challenging instrumentation problem, and has been a model of collaboration across multiple NASA organizations. After the culmination of almost 6 years of effort, the sensors performed extremely well, collecting data from before atmospheric interface through parachute deploy. This paper will summarize the history of the MEDLI project and hardware development, including key lessons learned that can apply to future instrumentation efforts. MEDLI returned an unprecedented amount of high-quality engineering data from a Mars entry vehicle. We will present the performance of the 3 sensor types: pressure, temperature, and isotherm tracking, as well as the performance of the custom-built sensor support electronics. A key component throughout the MEDLI project has been the ground testing and analysis effort required to understand the returned flight data. Although data analysis is ongoing through 2013, this paper will reveal some of the early findings on the aerothermodynamic environment that MSL encountered at Mars, the response of the heatshield material to that heating environment, and the aerodynamic performance of the entry vehicle. The MEDLI data results promise to challenge our engineering assumptions and revolutionize the way we account for margins in entry vehicle design.
    Keywords: Spacecraft Instrumentation and Astrionics
    Type: AAS 13-078 , NF1676L-15960 , 36th AAS Guidance and Control Conference; Feb 01, 2013 - Feb 06, 2013; Breckenridge, CO; United States
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: The Mars Entry Atmospheric Data System is a part of the Mars Science Laboratory, Entry, Descent, and Landing Instrumentation project. These sensors are a system of seven pressure transducers linked to ports on the entry vehicle forebody to record the pressure distribution during atmospheric entry. These measured surface pressures are used to generate estimates of atmospheric quantities based on modeled surface pressure distributions. Specifically, angle of attack, angle of sideslip, dynamic pressure, Mach number, and freestream atmospheric properties are reconstructed from the measured pressures. Such data allows for the aerodynamics to become decoupled from the assumed atmospheric properties, allowing for enhanced trajectory reconstruction and performance analysis as well as an aerodynamic reconstruction, which has not been possible in past Mars entry reconstructions. This paper provides details of the data processing algorithms that are utilized for this purpose. The data processing algorithms include two approaches that have commonly been utilized in past planetary entry trajectory reconstruction, and a new approach for this application that makes use of the pressure measurements. The paper describes assessments of data quality and preprocessing, and results of the flight data reduction from atmospheric entry, which occurred on August 5th, 2012.
    Keywords: Spacecraft Instrumentation and Astrionics
    Type: AIAA Paper 2013-0028 , NF1676L-14793 , 51st AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting; Jan 07, 2013 - Jan 10, 2013; Grapevine, TX; United States
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2019-08-13
    Description: Objective: Scope out a low-cost instrumentation effort for Discovery and/or New Frontiers-class missions, including acquisition strategy, for FY17-19 (TBR). This is intended to be a new Game-Changing project. MEDLI and MEDLI2 cost $25-$30M each. These costs are not sustainable. Solutions are too massive and large for small planetary missions. Share various perspectives and previous experiences; discuss costs. Establish the future mission needs and measurement/sensor priorities. Determine the best acquisition and phasing approach.
    Keywords: Spacecraft Instrumentation and Astrionics
    Type: DFRC-E-DAA-TN28396-1 , Entry Descent and Landing Workshop; Aug 18, 2015; Moffett Field, CA; United States
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: The Mars Science Laboratory Entry, Descent, and Landing Instrumentation (MEDLI) Project s objectives are to measure aerothermal environments, sub-surface heatshield material response, vehicle orientation, and atmospheric density for the atmospheric entry and descent phases of the Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) entry vehicle. The flight science objectives of MEDLI directly address the largest uncertainties in the ability to design and validate a robust Mars entry system, including aerothermal, aerodynamic and atmosphere models, and thermal protection system (TPS) design. The instrumentation suite will be installed in the heatshield of the MSL entry vehicle. The acquired data will support future Mars entry and aerocapture missions by providing measured atmospheric data to validate Mars atmosphere models and clarify the design margins for future Mars missions. MEDLI thermocouple and recession sensor data will significantly improve the understanding of aeroheating and TPS performance uncertainties for future missions. MEDLI pressure data will permit more accurate trajectory reconstruction, as well as separation of aerodynamic and atmospheric uncertainties in the hypersonic and supersonic regimes. This paper provides an overview of the project including the instrumentation design, system architecture, and expected measurement response.
    Keywords: Spacecraft Instrumentation and Astrionics
    Type: 2008 IEEE Aerospace Conference; Mar 01, 2008 - Mar 08, 2008; Big Sky, MT; United States
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Objectives: Measure Pressure: a) Confirm spacecraft aerodynamics. b) Independently measure attitude. c) Determine density profile. d) Determine wind component. Measure Temperature: a) Verify heating levels on spacecraft surface. b) Determine recession amount and rate. c) Validate material response at Mars conditions. The better we understand the Mars entry environment, the better we can design the next spacecraft.
    Keywords: Spacecraft Instrumentation and Astrionics
    Type: DFRC-E-DAA-TN28396-2 , AAS/AIAA Spaceflight Mechanics Meeting; Feb 10, 2013 - Feb 14, 2013; Kauai, HI; United States
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