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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2008-08-23
    Description: As arguably the simplest free-living animals, placozoans may represent a primitive metazoan form, yet their biology is poorly understood. Here we report the sequencing and analysis of the approximately 98 million base pair nuclear genome of the placozoan Trichoplax adhaerens. Whole-genome phylogenetic analysis suggests that placozoans belong to a 'eumetazoan' clade that includes cnidarians and bilaterians, with sponges as the earliest diverging animals. The compact genome shows conserved gene content, gene structure and synteny in relation to the human and other complex eumetazoan genomes. Despite the apparent cellular and organismal simplicity of Trichoplax, its genome encodes a rich array of transcription factor and signalling pathway genes that are typically associated with diverse cell types and developmental processes in eumetazoans, motivating further searches for cryptic cellular complexity and/or as yet unobserved life history stages.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Srivastava, Mansi -- Begovic, Emina -- Chapman, Jarrod -- Putnam, Nicholas H -- Hellsten, Uffe -- Kawashima, Takeshi -- Kuo, Alan -- Mitros, Therese -- Salamov, Asaf -- Carpenter, Meredith L -- Signorovitch, Ana Y -- Moreno, Maria A -- Kamm, Kai -- Grimwood, Jane -- Schmutz, Jeremy -- Shapiro, Harris -- Grigoriev, Igor V -- Buss, Leo W -- Schierwater, Bernd -- Dellaporta, Stephen L -- Rokhsar, Daniel S -- England -- Nature. 2008 Aug 21;454(7207):955-60. doi: 10.1038/nature07191.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center for Integrative Genomics and Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA. msrivast@berkeley.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18719581" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Adhesion ; Conserved Sequence ; Extracellular Matrix/genetics ; Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental ; Genome/*genetics ; Germ Cells ; Humans ; Invertebrates/anatomy & histology/classification/*genetics/*physiology ; Phylogeny ; Reproduction/genetics ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Sex ; Signal Transduction ; Synteny ; Transcription Factors/genetics
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2009-02-04
    Description: Sorghum, an African grass related to sugar cane and maize, is grown for food, feed, fibre and fuel. We present an initial analysis of the approximately 730-megabase Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench genome, placing approximately 98% of genes in their chromosomal context using whole-genome shotgun sequence validated by genetic, physical and syntenic information. Genetic recombination is largely confined to about one-third of the sorghum genome with gene order and density similar to those of rice. Retrotransposon accumulation in recombinationally recalcitrant heterochromatin explains the approximately 75% larger genome size of sorghum compared with rice. Although gene and repetitive DNA distributions have been preserved since palaeopolyploidization approximately 70 million years ago, most duplicated gene sets lost one member before the sorghum-rice divergence. Concerted evolution makes one duplicated chromosomal segment appear to be only a few million years old. About 24% of genes are grass-specific and 7% are sorghum-specific. Recent gene and microRNA duplications may contribute to sorghum's drought tolerance.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Paterson, Andrew H -- Bowers, John E -- Bruggmann, Remy -- Dubchak, Inna -- Grimwood, Jane -- Gundlach, Heidrun -- Haberer, Georg -- Hellsten, Uffe -- Mitros, Therese -- Poliakov, Alexander -- Schmutz, Jeremy -- Spannagl, Manuel -- Tang, Haibao -- Wang, Xiyin -- Wicker, Thomas -- Bharti, Arvind K -- Chapman, Jarrod -- Feltus, F Alex -- Gowik, Udo -- Grigoriev, Igor V -- Lyons, Eric -- Maher, Christopher A -- Martis, Mihaela -- Narechania, Apurva -- Otillar, Robert P -- Penning, Bryan W -- Salamov, Asaf A -- Wang, Yu -- Zhang, Lifang -- Carpita, Nicholas C -- Freeling, Michael -- Gingle, Alan R -- Hash, C Thomas -- Keller, Beat -- Klein, Patricia -- Kresovich, Stephen -- McCann, Maureen C -- Ming, Ray -- Peterson, Daniel G -- Mehboob-ur-Rahman -- Ware, Doreen -- Westhoff, Peter -- Mayer, Klaus F X -- Messing, Joachim -- Rokhsar, Daniel S -- England -- Nature. 2009 Jan 29;457(7229):551-6. doi: 10.1038/nature07723.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Plant Genome Mapping Laboratory, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA. paterson@uga.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19189423" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Arabidopsis/genetics ; Chromosomes, Plant/genetics ; *Evolution, Molecular ; Gene Duplication ; Genes, Plant ; Genome, Plant/*genetics ; Oryza/genetics ; Poaceae/*genetics ; Populus/genetics ; Recombination, Genetic/genetics ; Sequence Alignment ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Sequence Deletion/genetics ; Sorghum/*genetics ; Zea mays/genetics
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2007-07-07
    Description: Sea anemones are seemingly primitive animals that, along with corals, jellyfish, and hydras, constitute the oldest eumetazoan phylum, the Cnidaria. Here, we report a comparative analysis of the draft genome of an emerging cnidarian model, the starlet sea anemone Nematostella vectensis. The sea anemone genome is complex, with a gene repertoire, exon-intron structure, and large-scale gene linkage more similar to vertebrates than to flies or nematodes, implying that the genome of the eumetazoan ancestor was similarly complex. Nearly one-fifth of the inferred genes of the ancestor are eumetazoan novelties, which are enriched for animal functions like cell signaling, adhesion, and synaptic transmission. Analysis of diverse pathways suggests that these gene "inventions" along the lineage leading to animals were likely already well integrated with preexisting eukaryotic genes in the eumetazoan progenitor.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Putnam, Nicholas H -- Srivastava, Mansi -- Hellsten, Uffe -- Dirks, Bill -- Chapman, Jarrod -- Salamov, Asaf -- Terry, Astrid -- Shapiro, Harris -- Lindquist, Erika -- Kapitonov, Vladimir V -- Jurka, Jerzy -- Genikhovich, Grigory -- Grigoriev, Igor V -- Lucas, Susan M -- Steele, Robert E -- Finnerty, John R -- Technau, Ulrich -- Martindale, Mark Q -- Rokhsar, Daniel S -- 5 P41 LM006252-09/LM/NLM NIH HHS/ -- THL007279F/PHS HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Jul 6;317(5834):86-94.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Walnut Creek, CA 94598, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17615350" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Cell Adhesion ; Evolution, Molecular ; Genes ; Genetic Linkage ; *Genome ; Genome, Human ; Genomics ; Humans ; Introns ; Metabolic Networks and Pathways ; Multigene Family ; Muscles/physiology ; Nervous System Physiological Phenomena ; Phylogeny ; Sea Anemones/*genetics/metabolism ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Signal Transduction ; Synteny
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2011-05-10
    Description: Vascular plants appeared ~410 million years ago, then diverged into several lineages of which only two survive: the euphyllophytes (ferns and seed plants) and the lycophytes. We report here the genome sequence of the lycophyte Selaginella moellendorffii (Selaginella), the first nonseed vascular plant genome reported. By comparing gene content in evolutionarily diverse taxa, we found that the transition from a gametophyte- to a sporophyte-dominated life cycle required far fewer new genes than the transition from a nonseed vascular to a flowering plant, whereas secondary metabolic genes expanded extensively and in parallel in the lycophyte and angiosperm lineages. Selaginella differs in posttranscriptional gene regulation, including small RNA regulation of repetitive elements, an absence of the trans-acting small interfering RNA pathway, and extensive RNA editing of organellar genes.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3166216/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3166216/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Banks, Jo Ann -- Nishiyama, Tomoaki -- Hasebe, Mitsuyasu -- Bowman, John L -- Gribskov, Michael -- dePamphilis, Claude -- Albert, Victor A -- Aono, Naoki -- Aoyama, Tsuyoshi -- Ambrose, Barbara A -- Ashton, Neil W -- Axtell, Michael J -- Barker, Elizabeth -- Barker, Michael S -- Bennetzen, Jeffrey L -- Bonawitz, Nicholas D -- Chapple, Clint -- Cheng, Chaoyang -- Correa, Luiz Gustavo Guedes -- Dacre, Michael -- DeBarry, Jeremy -- Dreyer, Ingo -- Elias, Marek -- Engstrom, Eric M -- Estelle, Mark -- Feng, Liang -- Finet, Cedric -- Floyd, Sandra K -- Frommer, Wolf B -- Fujita, Tomomichi -- Gramzow, Lydia -- Gutensohn, Michael -- Harholt, Jesper -- Hattori, Mitsuru -- Heyl, Alexander -- Hirai, Tadayoshi -- Hiwatashi, Yuji -- Ishikawa, Masaki -- Iwata, Mineko -- Karol, Kenneth G -- Koehler, Barbara -- Kolukisaoglu, Uener -- Kubo, Minoru -- Kurata, Tetsuya -- Lalonde, Sylvie -- Li, Kejie -- Li, Ying -- Litt, Amy -- Lyons, Eric -- Manning, Gerard -- Maruyama, Takeshi -- Michael, Todd P -- Mikami, Koji -- Miyazaki, Saori -- Morinaga, Shin-ichi -- Murata, Takashi -- Mueller-Roeber, Bernd -- Nelson, David R -- Obara, Mari -- Oguri, Yasuko -- Olmstead, Richard G -- Onodera, Naoko -- Petersen, Bent Larsen -- Pils, Birgit -- Prigge, Michael -- Rensing, Stefan A -- Riano-Pachon, Diego Mauricio -- Roberts, Alison W -- Sato, Yoshikatsu -- Scheller, Henrik Vibe -- Schulz, Burkhard -- Schulz, Christian -- Shakirov, Eugene V -- Shibagaki, Nakako -- Shinohara, Naoki -- Shippen, Dorothy E -- Sorensen, Iben -- Sotooka, Ryo -- Sugimoto, Nagisa -- Sugita, Mamoru -- Sumikawa, Naomi -- Tanurdzic, Milos -- Theissen, Gunter -- Ulvskov, Peter -- Wakazuki, Sachiko -- Weng, Jing-Ke -- Willats, William W G T -- Wipf, Daniel -- Wolf, Paul G -- Yang, Lixing -- Zimmer, Andreas D -- Zhu, Qihui -- Mitros, Therese -- Hellsten, Uffe -- Loque, Dominique -- Otillar, Robert -- Salamov, Asaf -- Schmutz, Jeremy -- Shapiro, Harris -- Lindquist, Erika -- Lucas, Susan -- Rokhsar, Daniel -- Grigoriev, Igor V -- GM065383/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM84051/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- HG004164/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM043644/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM084051/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM084051-01A1/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 HG004164/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HG004164-02/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HG004164-03/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HG004164-04/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- T32 GM007757/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- T32-HG00035/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 May 20;332(6032):960-3. doi: 10.1126/science.1203810. Epub 2011 May 5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA. banksj@purdue.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21551031" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Angiosperms/chemistry/genetics ; *Biological Evolution ; Bryopsida/genetics ; Chlamydomonas/chemistry/genetics ; DNA Transposable Elements ; Evolution, Molecular ; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant ; Genes, Plant ; *Genome, Plant ; MicroRNAs/genetics ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Phylogeny ; Plant Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Proteome/analysis ; RNA Editing ; RNA, Plant/genetics ; Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid ; Selaginellaceae/*genetics/growth & development/metabolism ; Sequence Analysis, DNA
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2010-08-06
    Description: Sponges are an ancient group of animals that diverged from other metazoans over 600 million years ago. Here we present the draft genome sequence of Amphimedon queenslandica, a demosponge from the Great Barrier Reef, and show that it is remarkably similar to other animal genomes in content, structure and organization. Comparative analysis enabled by the sequencing of the sponge genome reveals genomic events linked to the origin and early evolution of animals, including the appearance, expansion and diversification of pan-metazoan transcription factor, signalling pathway and structural genes. This diverse 'toolkit' of genes correlates with critical aspects of all metazoan body plans, and comprises cell cycle control and growth, development, somatic- and germ-cell specification, cell adhesion, innate immunity and allorecognition. Notably, many of the genes associated with the emergence of animals are also implicated in cancer, which arises from defects in basic processes associated with metazoan multicellularity.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3130542/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3130542/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Srivastava, Mansi -- Simakov, Oleg -- Chapman, Jarrod -- Fahey, Bryony -- Gauthier, Marie E A -- Mitros, Therese -- Richards, Gemma S -- Conaco, Cecilia -- Dacre, Michael -- Hellsten, Uffe -- Larroux, Claire -- Putnam, Nicholas H -- Stanke, Mario -- Adamska, Maja -- Darling, Aaron -- Degnan, Sandie M -- Oakley, Todd H -- Plachetzki, David C -- Zhai, Yufeng -- Adamski, Marcin -- Calcino, Andrew -- Cummins, Scott F -- Goodstein, David M -- Harris, Christina -- Jackson, Daniel J -- Leys, Sally P -- Shu, Shengqiang -- Woodcroft, Ben J -- Vervoort, Michel -- Kosik, Kenneth S -- Manning, Gerard -- Degnan, Bernard M -- Rokhsar, Daniel S -- R01 HG004164/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HG004164-03/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HG004164-04/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2010 Aug 5;466(7307):720-6. doi: 10.1038/nature09201.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center for Integrative Genomics and Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA. mansi@wi.mit.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20686567" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Apoptosis/genetics ; Cell Adhesion/genetics ; Cell Cycle/genetics ; Cell Polarity/genetics ; Cell Proliferation ; *Evolution, Molecular ; Genes/genetics ; Genome/*genetics ; Genomics ; Humans ; Immunity, Innate/genetics ; Models, Biological ; Neurons/metabolism ; Phosphotransferases/chemistry/genetics ; Phylogeny ; Porifera/anatomy & histology/cytology/*genetics/immunology ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Signal Transduction/genetics
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2010-07-10
    Description: The multicellular green alga Volvox carteri and its morphologically diverse close relatives (the volvocine algae) are well suited for the investigation of the evolution of multicellularity and development. We sequenced the 138-mega-base pair genome of V. carteri and compared its approximately 14,500 predicted proteins to those of its unicellular relative Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Despite fundamental differences in organismal complexity and life history, the two species have similar protein-coding potentials and few species-specific protein-coding gene predictions. Volvox is enriched in volvocine-algal-specific proteins, including those associated with an expanded and highly compartmentalized extracellular matrix. Our analysis shows that increases in organismal complexity can be associated with modifications of lineage-specific proteins rather than large-scale invention of protein-coding capacity.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2993248/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2993248/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Prochnik, Simon E -- Umen, James -- Nedelcu, Aurora M -- Hallmann, Armin -- Miller, Stephen M -- Nishii, Ichiro -- Ferris, Patrick -- Kuo, Alan -- Mitros, Therese -- Fritz-Laylin, Lillian K -- Hellsten, Uffe -- Chapman, Jarrod -- Simakov, Oleg -- Rensing, Stefan A -- Terry, Astrid -- Pangilinan, Jasmyn -- Kapitonov, Vladimir -- Jurka, Jerzy -- Salamov, Asaf -- Shapiro, Harris -- Schmutz, Jeremy -- Grimwood, Jane -- Lindquist, Erika -- Lucas, Susan -- Grigoriev, Igor V -- Schmitt, Rudiger -- Kirk, David -- Rokhsar, Daniel S -- 5 P41 LM006252/LM/NLM NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM078376/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM078376-01/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM078376-02/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM078376-03/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM078376-04/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM078376-04S1/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM078376-05/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Jul 9;329(5988):223-6. doi: 10.1126/science.1188800.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉U.S. Department of Energy, Joint Genome Institute, Walnut Creek, CA 94598, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20616280" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Algal Proteins/*chemistry/*genetics/metabolism ; Biological Evolution ; Chlamydomonas reinhardtii/cytology/*genetics/growth & development/physiology ; DNA, Algal/genetics ; Evolution, Molecular ; Extracellular Matrix Proteins/chemistry/genetics ; Genes ; *Genome ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Species Specificity ; Synteny ; Volvox/cytology/*genetics/growth & development/physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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