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  • 1
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    Energy spectra of cosmic-ray nuclei to above 100 GeV per nucleon (1980)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2019-06-27
    Beschreibung: Energy spectra of cosmic-ray nuclei boron to iron have been measured from 2 GeV per nucleon to beyond 100 GeV per nucleon. The data were obtained using an ionization calorimeter flown on a balloon from Palestine, Texas. The 3450 kg payload floated at 7 g/sq cm for almost 24 hours. The results are in excellent agreement with those of other workers where overlaps exist. The spectra are not consistent with single power laws, and demonstrate the power of using a single technique sensitive over a large dynamic range. The data are consistent with the leaky box model of cosmic-ray propagation. The boron data indicate that the cosmic-ray escape length decreases with increasing energy as E to the -(0.4 + or - 0.1) up to 100 GeV per nucleon. Secondary nuclei from iron are also consistent with this dependence. Predicted changes in the energy dependence of the ratios of primary nuclei O/C and (Fe + Ni)/(C + O) are also observed.
    Schlagwort(e): SPACE RADIATION
    Materialart: Astrophysical Journal; vol. 239
    Format: text
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  • 2
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    Cosmic ray studies with a gas Cerenkov counter in association with an ionization spectrometer (1980)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2019-06-27
    Beschreibung: The results from a balloon-borne gas Cerenkov counter (threshold 16.5 GeV/nuc) and an ionization spectrometer are presented. The gas Cerenkov counter provides an absolute energy calibration for the response of the calorimeter for the Z range of 5-26 nuclei of cosmic rays. The contribution of scintillation to the gas Cerenkov pulse height has been obtained by independently selecting particles below the gas Cerenkov threshold using the ionization spectrometer. Energy spectra were derived by minimizing the chi-squared between a Monte Carlo simulated data and flight data. Best fit power laws were determined for C, N, O, Ne, Mg, and Si. The power laws, all consistent with E exp-2.7, are not good fits to the data. A better fit is obtained using the spectrum derived from the spectrometer.
    Schlagwort(e): SPACE RADIATION
    Materialart: Astrophysics and Space Science; 71; 1, Au; Aug. 198
    Format: text
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  • 3
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    Energy Spectra of Cosmic Ray Nuclei to Above 100 Gev/nucleon (1979)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-06-27
    Beschreibung: The chemical composition cosmic rays as a function of energy in the range of a few GeV/nucleon to some hundreds of GeV/nucleon for boron through iron are presented. The experiment combined an ionization spectrometer and a gas Cherenkov counter, which was flown on a balloon, to perform two different and independent energy measurements. The experimental apparatus is described in detail. The energy dependence of the cosmic ray escape length for boron and iron is reported and predicted changes in the energy dependence of the ratios of primary nuclei 0/C and iron/C+0 are discussed.
    Schlagwort(e): SPACE RADIATION
    Materialart: NASA-TM-80587
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 4
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    Cosmic ray studies with a gas Cherenkov counter in association with an ionization spectrometer (1980)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-06-27
    Beschreibung: The results from a balloon-borne gas Cherenkov counter (threshold 16.5 GeV/nucleon) and an ionization spectrometer are presented. The gas Cherenkov counter provides an absolute energy distribution for the response of the calorimeter for 5 or = Z 26 nuclei of cosmic rays. The contribution of scintillation to the gas Cherenkov pulse height was obtained by independently selecting particles below the gas Cherenkov threshold using the ionization spectrometer. Energy spectra were derived by minimizing the chi squared between Monte Carlo simulted data and flight data. Best fit power laws, dN/dE = AE-gamma, were determined for C, N, O, Ne, Mg, and Si. The power laws, all consistent with E (-2.7) are not good fits to the data. A better fit is obtained using the spectrum derived from the spectrometer. The data from the ionization calorimeter and the gas Cherenkov are thus completely self-consistent.
    Schlagwort(e): SPACE RADIATION
    Materialart: NASA-TM-80639
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 5
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    Mass resolution optimization in a large isotopic composition experiment (1985)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-06-28
    Beschreibung: A range-energy experiment was built to measure the isotopic composition of galactic cosmic rays. An enrichment of neutron rich isotopes, 22Ne and (25Mg + 26Mg) in particular, when compared to the solar composition is shown. A rich statistics measurement of these and other neutron-rich isotopes in the galactic flux yields information to the source of these particles. A computer simulation of the experiment was used to estimate the instrument resolution. The Cherenkov detector light collection efficiency, was calculated. Absorption of light in the radiator was considered to determine the optimum Cherenkov medium thickness. The experiment will determine the isotopic composition for the elements neon through argon in the energy range 300 to 800 MeV per nucleon.
    Schlagwort(e): SPACE RADIATION
    Materialart: OG-9.1-9 , 19th Intern. Cosmic Ray Conf - Vol. 3; p 278-281; NASA-CP-2376-VOL-3
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 6
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    Propagation of injected cosmic rays under distributed reacceleration (1985)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-06-28
    Beschreibung: The cosmic ray acceleration model in which the particles gain continuously energy from stochastic processes in the interstellar space by encountering shocks leads to a logarithmic increase in the secondary to primary ratios with energy, which is inconsistent with observations. The observed decrease of the secondary to primary ratios may therefore suggest that a considerable part of the acceleration has taken place rapidly at the sources. Astronomical observations on the other hand indicate that shocks from supernovae do exist in the galaxy and observations in the interplanetary space show clear evidence that shock acceleration works.
    Schlagwort(e): SPACE RADIATION
    Materialart: OG-8.3-3 , 19th Intern. Cosmic Ray Conf - Vol. 3; p 230-233; NASA-CP-2376-VOL-3
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 7
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    An instrument to measure the spectrum of cosmic ray iron and other nuclei to above 100 GeV-nucleon (1978)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-06-27
    Beschreibung: A balloon-borne detector system for extending the study of cosmic ray composition to the energy region beyond 100 GeV/nucleon is described. The instrument incorporates an ionization calorimeter and a gas Cherenkov counter filled with freon for the determination of energies, and a charge module, consisting of scintillation and a lucite Cherenkov counter, for determining the charge of the incoming particle. The scintillators were utilized to determine the position of the incoming particle in addition to its charge. The characteristics of these detectors with respect to resolution, and the methods employed in laboratory calibration, cross-checks with flight data and actual performance in the flights are described in detail. Monte Carlo simulation of the ionization calorimeter and comparison of the response of the calorimeter and gas Cherenkov counter for complex nuclei was used to convert the observed calorimeter signal to absolute energy in a consistent manner.
    Schlagwort(e): SPACE RADIATION
    Materialart: NASA-TM-79677
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 8
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    Coronal densities and magnetic fields from K- coronameter and type IV radio burst data. (1969)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2019-06-27
    Beschreibung: Coronal electron densities and magnetic fields determined from K-coronameter and type 4 radio burst data
    Schlagwort(e): SPACE RADIATION
    Materialart: ; 84 (
    Format: text
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  • 9
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    Response of a tungsten-scintillator ionization spectrometer to hadrons with primary energies in the range 5-300 GeV (1975)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-07-13
    Schlagwort(e): SPACE RADIATION
    Materialart: International Cosmic Ray Conference; Aug 15, 1975 - Aug 29, 1975; Munich
    Format: text
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  • 10
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    A large area experiment to determine cosmic ray isotopic abundances (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2019-07-13
    Beschreibung: Measurements of the isotopic composition of cosmic rays have shown that the cosmic ray isotope ratios, Ne-22/Ne-20 and (Mg-25 + Mg-26)/Mg-24, exceed the solar abundance ratios by factors of 2.7 and 1.8, respectively. There are several processes which could be responsible for the observed excess of neutron-rich isotopes. The considered models imply neutron enrichment in the case of other, less abundant species, and a measurement of the involved isotopic abundances could provide a basis for the determination of the dominating processes occurring in cosmic ray sources. However, an experiment utilizing special equipment is necessary to conduct the required measurements. Such an experiment, the Aluminum Isotopic Composition Experiment (Alice), is being designed in a joint effort involving NASA and a West German university. Alice uses a Cherenkov-range technique to determine the isotopic composition of elements from oxygen through argon.
    Schlagwort(e): SPACE RADIATION
    Materialart: International Cosmic Ray Conference; Aug 22, 1983 - Sep 03, 1983; Bangalore; India
    Format: text
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