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  • 1
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    The interplanetary micrometeoroid flux and lunar primary and secondary microcraters (1985)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: It is proposed that considerable care is required to properly interpret either spacecraft in situ data or lunar crater data as well as near-earth data; in the case of the former, complications may arise which may be attributed to secondary lunar ejecta impacts, in the latter, they may result from impacting earth-orbiting debris. Experimental evidence suggests that most impact pits on lunar rocks with pit diameters smaller than 7 micrometers have been generated by lunar secondary ejecta impacts and not by primary meteoroid impacts. It is also found that lunar crater production rates are more accurate when deduced from meteoroid space experiments and not from solar flare track ages. It is concluded that in so far as all of the above qualifications are taken into account, a self-consistent meteoroid flux versus mass distribution is obtained.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
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  • 2
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    Impact-driven supply of sodium and potassium to the atmosphere of Mercury (1988)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: The Mercury atmosphere is supplied with sodium atoms from both impacting meteoroids and the impacted regolith; the production of vaporized sodium due to such impact varies with the instantaneous distance of Mercury from the sun, in a way that differs from the distance-dependence of those source-and-sink processes driven by solar radiation. Such impact-driven vaporization will yield the Na/K ratio noted in the Mercury atmosphere only if both the meteoroids and the regolith of the planet are deficient in K relative to other solar system objects sampled, other than comets.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Icarus (ISSN 0019-1035); 75; 156-170
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  • 3
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    Lunar horizon glow and the Clementine mission (1994)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-08-31
    Description: The Clementine spacecraft is to be launched into Earth orbit in late January for subsequent insertion into lunar orbit in late February, 1994. There, its primary mission is to produce -- over a period of about two months -- a new photographic map of the entire surface of the Moon; this will be done, in a variety of wavelengths and spatial resolutions, in a manner greatly superior to that previously accomplished for the whole Moon. It will then go on to fly by and photograph the asteroid Geographos. A secondary goal that has been accepted for this mission is to take a series of photographs designed to capture images of, and determine the brightness and extent of, the Lunar Horizon Glow (LHG). One form of LHG is caused by the solar stimulation of emission from Na and K atoms in the lunar exosphere. The scale height of this exosphere is of the order of 100 km. There are also brighter LHG components, with much smaller scale heights, that appear to be caused by scattered off of an exospheric lunar dust cloud.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Lunar and Planetary Inst., The Twenty-Fifth Lunar and Planetary Science Conference. Part 3: P-Z; p 1573-1574
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  • 4
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    Collisional balance of the meteoritic complex (1985)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: The present study has the objective to reevaluate the size distribution of interplanetary meteoroids on the basis of the most recent data, and to analyze the probable nature of the sinks and sources of meteoritic material. The flux of interplanetary meteorites at 1 AU is discussed, taking into account general characteristics, lunar crater distribution, flux curves, spatial densities, and cross-sectional distribution and light scattering. Collisional effects are examined, giving attention to catastrophic collisions, collision rate, and destroyed mass and generated fragments. The effect of radiation pressure on small particles is considered along with the difference between the lunar and interplanetary flux models, collisional evolution at 1 AU, potential sources for large meteoroids, and observational evidence of losses of small micrometeoroids.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Icarus (ISSN 0019-1035); 62; 244-272
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  • 5
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    Examination of returned solar-max surfaces for impacting orbital debris and meteoroids (1985)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: Previous theoretical studies predicted that in certain regions of earth orbit, the man-made earth orbiting debris environment will soon exceed the interplanetary meteoroid environment for sizes smaller than 1 cm. The surfaces returned from the repaired Solar Max Mission (SMM) by STS 41-C on April 12, 1984, offered an excellent opportunity to examine both the debris and meteoroid environments. To date, approximately 0.7 sq. met. of the thermal insulation and 0.05 sq. met of the aluminum louvers have been mapped by optical microscope for crater diameters larger than 40 microns. Craters larger in diameter than about 100 microns found on the initial 75 micron thick Kapton first sheet on the MEB (Main Electronics Box) blanket are actually holes and constitute perforations through that blanket. The following populations have been found to date in impact sites on these blankets: (1) meteoritic material; (2) thermal paint particles; (3) aluminum droplets; and (4) waste particles.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Lunar and Planetary Inst. 16th Lunar and Planetary Sci. Conf.; p 42-43
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  • 6
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    On dust emissions from the jovian system (1993)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-01-25
    Description: As described by Gruen et al., the dust impact detector on the Ulysses spacecraft detected a totally unexpected series of dust streams in the outer solar system near the orbit of Jupiter. Five considerations lead us to believe that the dust streams emanate from the jovian system itself: the dust streams only occur within about 1 AU of the jovian system, with the strongest stream being the one closest to Jupiter (about 550 R(sub J) away); the direction from which they arrive is never far from the line-of-sight direction to Jupiter; the time period between streams is about 28 (+/- 3) days; the impact velocities are very high--mostly around 40 km/s; and we can think of no cometary, asteroidal, or interstellar source that could give rise to the above four phenomena (such streams have never before been detected).
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Lunar and Planetary Inst., Twenty-Fourth Lunar and Planetary Science Conference. Part 3: N-Z; p 1587-1588
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  • 7
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    Meteoroid capture cell construction (1976)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: A thin membrane covering the open side of a meteoroid capture cell causes an impacting meteoroid to disintegrate as it penetrates the membrane. The capture cell then contains and holds the meteoroid particles for later analysis.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
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  • 8
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    Lunar surface processes - Report of the 12054 consortium (1978)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: A variety of lunar surface phenomena were studied using a well-characterized glass-coated ilmenite basalt, 12054, which had a simple surface residence history. Surface processes related to the following effects were studied: microcraters, solar flare and cosmic ray tracks, cosmogenic Al-26, solar wind sputtering, accreta or accretionary material, solar wind implanted noble gases, and loose dust accumulation.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Lunar and Planetary Science Conference; Mar 13, 1978 - Mar 17, 1978; Houston, TX
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  • 9
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    The state of meteoritic material on the moon (1975)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Velocity distributions obtained from earth-based meteor observations and corrected to constant meteoroid mass are transformed to meteoroid impact velocity distributions at the moon. Average velocities at the moon thus obtained range from 13 to 18 km/sec. This information is then combined with impact heating estimates to determine the amounts of resident lunar material and incoming meteoritic material that is melted or vaporized. It is found that about 5% of the resulting melt and about 25% of the impact generated vapor should be of meteoritic content. The uncertainties in these estimates are rather large, however, because of uncertainties in the various experimental results required to establish the parameters used in this analysis. The impact generated melts and impact generated vapor deposits, if the latter can be found, should provide additional means for chemically separating out the meteoritic component in the lunar soil.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Lunar Science Conference; Mar 17, 1975 - Mar 21, 1975; Houston, TX
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  • 10
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    On lunar evidence for a possible large increase in solar flare activity approximately 2 x 10 to the 4th years ago (1980)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Data from lunar materials which may be interpreted as suggesting an increase in solar cosmic ray activity approximately 20,000 years ago is examined. The evidence includes the iron track within pit data of Hartung and Storzer (1974), the lunar whole rock pit and track data, lunar C-14 radioactivity data, lunar Ni-59 radioactivity data, the impact pit and iron track data of Morrison and Zinner (1975, 1977) and the lunar thermoluminescence data. While numerous explanations are possible for each set of data, it is shown that the first four data sets may be explained by a past increase in solar cosmic ray activity, and the remaining data sets are not necessarily incompatible with solar activity a factor of 20 to 40 times higher than at present for several thousand years prior to about 20,000 years ago.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Conference on The ancient sun: Fossil record in the earth, moon and meteorites; Oct 16, 1979 - Oct 19, 1979; Boulder, CO
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