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  • 1
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Cham :Springer International Publishing :
    Schlagwort(e): Environmental sciences Mathematics. ; Mathematical optimization. ; Calculus of variations. ; Computer simulation. ; Oceanography. ; Mathematical Applications in Environmental Science. ; Calculus of Variations and Optimization. ; Computer Modelling. ; Ocean Sciences.
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Data Assimilation for Chaotic Dynamics -- Multifidelity Data Assimilation for Physical Systems -- Filtering with One-Step-Ahead Smoothing for Efficient Data Assimilation -- Sparsity-Based Kalman Filters for Data Assimilation -- Perturbations by the Ensemble Transform -- Stochastic Representations for Model Uncertainty in the Ensemble Data Assimilation System -- Second-Order Methods in Variational Data Assimilation -- Statistical Parameter Estimation for Observation Error Modelling: Application to Meteor Radars -- Observability Gramian and Its Role in the Placement of Observations in Dynamic Data Assimilation -- Placement of Observations for Variational Data Assimilation: Application to Burgers’ Equation and Seiche Phenomenon -- Analysis, Lateral Boundary, and Observation Impacts in a Limited Area Model -- An Overview of KMA’s Operational NWP Data Assimilation Systems.
    Kurzfassung: This book contains the most recent progress in data assimilation in meteorology, oceanography and hydrology including land surface. It spans both theoretical and applicative aspects with various methodologies such as variational, Kalman filter, ensemble, Monte Carlo and artificial intelligence methods. Besides data assimilation, other important topics are also covered including adaptive observations, sensitivity analysis, parameter estimation and AI applications. The book is useful to individual researchers as well as graduate students for a reference in the field of data assimilation.
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    Seiten: XXI, 705 p. 239 illus., 224 illus. in color. , online resource.
    Ausgabe: 1st ed. 2022.
    ISBN: 9783030777227
    DDC: 333.7
    Sprache: Englisch
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 2
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-07-13
    Beschreibung: Using satellite-derived normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) data, several previous studies have indicated that vegetation growth significantly increased in most areas of China during the period 1982-99. In this letter, we extended the study period to 2010. We found that at the national scale the growing season (April-October) NDVI significantly increased by 0.0007/yr from 1982 to 2010, but the increasing trend in NDVI over the last decade decreased in comparison to that of the 1982-99 period. The trends in NDVI show significant seasonal and spatial variances. The increasing trend in April and May (AM) NDVI (0.0013/yr is larger than those in June, July and August (JJA) (0.0003/yr) and September and October (SO) (0.0008/yr). This relatively small increasing trend of JJA NDVI during 1982-2010 compared with that during 1982-99 (0.0012/yr) (Piao et al 2003 J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. 108 4401) implies a change in the JJA vegetation growth trend, which significantly turned from increasing (0.0039/yr) to slightly decreasing (0:0002/yr) in 1988. Regarding the spatial pattern of changes in NDVI, the growing season NDVI increased (over 0.0020/yr) from 1982 to 2010 in southern China, while its change was close to zero in northern China, as a result of a significant changing trend reversal that occurred in the 1990s and early 2000s. In northern China, the growing season NDVI significantly increased before the 1990s as a result of warming and enhanced precipitation, but decreased after the 1990s due to drought stress strengthened by warming and reduced precipitation. Our results also show that the responses of vegetation growth to climate change vary across different seasons and ecosystems.
    Schlagwort(e): Earth Resources and Remote Sensing
    Materialart: GSFC.JA.00434.2012 , Environmental Research Letters; 6; 4
    Format: text
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 3
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-08-26
    Beschreibung: The concept of canopy spectral invariants expresses the observation that simple algebraic combinations of leaf and canopy spectral reflectance become wavelength independent and determine two canopy structure specific variables the recollision and escape probabilities. These variables specify an accurate relationship between the spectral response of a vegetation canopy to incident solar radiation at the leaf and the canopy scale. They are sensitive to important structural features of the canopy such as forest cover, tree density, leaf area index, crown geometry, forest type and stand age. This paper presents the mathematical basis of the concept which is linked to eigenvalues and eigenvectors of the three-dimensional radiative transfer equation.
    Schlagwort(e): Earth Resources and Remote Sensing
    Materialart: Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy and Radiative Transfer (ISSN 0022-3073); 112; 4; 727-735
    Format: text
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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