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  • 1
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    Relative Fluxes of Primary Particles in B-C-N-O Group from the ATIC Experiment (Science Flight) (2007)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-19
    Description: The ATIC balloon-born experiment measures the energy spectra of elements from H to Fe in primary cosmic rays from about 100 GeV to 100 TeV. ATIC is comprised of a fully active bismuth germinate calorimeter, a carbon target with embedded scintillator hodoscopes, and a silicon matrix that is used as a main charge detector. The silicon matrix produces good charge resolution for the protons and helium but only a partial resolution for heavier nuclei. In the present paper a charge resolution of ATIC device was improved and backgrounds were reduced in the region from Be to Si by means of the upper layer of the scintillator hodoscope that was used as charge detector together with silicon matrix. Relative fluxes of nuclei B, C, N, O in the energy region from about 20 GeV/nucleon to 200 GeV/nucleon that were obtained from new high-resolution and high-quality charge spectra of nuclei are presented.
    Keywords: Astrophysics
    Type: MSFC-386 , International Cosmic Ray Conference 2007; Jul 03, 2007 - Jul 11, 2007; Merida, Yucatan; Mexico
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  • 2
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    All-Particle Spectrum Measured by the ATIC Experiment (2007)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-19
    Description: The Advanced Thin Ionization Calorimeter (ATIC), a balloon-borne experiment, is designed to investigate the composition and energy spectra of cosmic rays of charge Z = 1 to 26 over the energy range - 10(exp 11) - 10(exp 14) ev. The instrument consists of a silicon matrix charge detector, plastic-scintillator strip hodoscopes interleaved with graphite interaction targets, and an 18 radiation length deep, fully active bismuth germanate (BGO) calorimeter. ATIC has had two successful long duration balloon (LDB) flights launched from McMurdo Station, Antarc't'ica in 2000 and 2002. In this paper, we present the all-particle spectrum extracted from data collected during the ATIC flights, and compare it with results from other experiments at both lower and higher energies.
    Keywords: Astrophysics
    Type: MSFC-381 , International Cosmic Ray Conference 2007; Jul 03, 2007 - Jul 11, 2007; Merida, Yucatan; Mexico
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  • 3
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    A Neutron Detector for the Electron Calorimeter (ECAL) Long Duration Balloon Experiment (2007)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-19
    Description: The highest energy measurements of cosmic ray electrons extend just beyond 1 TeV. High energy electrons are of particular interest because energy losses during interstellar propagation insure that they arrive primarily from nearby sources. This may produce observable structure in their spectrum. Further, it is predicted that electrons and positrons result from the annihilation of many exotic particles deposited as dark matter candidates. These electrons may appear as excesses in the cosmic ray electron spectrum from 200 GeV to 1000 GeV. A new long duration balloon experiment, ECAL, is being planned to provide direct cosmic ray electron measurements from approx.50 GeV to 〉1 TeV. To make these measurements ECAL must discriminate strongly against showers from protons and heavier ions. One of the techniques used to make this discrimination may be based on measuring the secondary neutrons produced by events in the instrument. The neutron detector configuration and technique will be discussed along with its expected performance based on Monte Carlo simulations.
    Keywords: Astrophysics
    Type: MSFC-380 , International Cosmic Ray Conference 2007; Jul 03, 2007 - Jul 11, 2007; Merida, Yucatan; Mexico
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  • 4
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    Revised Energy Spectra for Primary Elements, H - Si, above 50 GeV from the ATIC-2 Science Flight (2007)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-19
    Description: The Advanced Thin Ionization Calorimeter (ATIC) long duration balloon experiment had a successful science flight accumulating 18 days of data (12/02 - 1/03) during a single circumnavigation in Antarctica. ATIC measures the energy spectra of elements from H to Fe in primary cosmic rays using a fully active Bismuth Germanate calorimeter preceded by a carbon target, with embedded scintillator hodoscopes, and a silicon matrix charge detector at the top. Preliminary results from ATIC have been reported in previous conferences. The revised results reported here are derived from a new analysis of the data with improved charge resolution, lower background and revised energy calibration. The raw energy deposit spectra are de-convolved into primary energy spectra and extrapolated to the top of the atmosphere. We compare these revised results to previous data and comment upon the astrophysical interpretation of the results.
    Keywords: Astrophysics
    Type: MSFC-379 , International Cosmic Ray Conference 2007; Jul 03, 2007 - Jul 11, 2007; Merida, Yucatan; Mexico
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  • 5
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    Deconvolution of Energy Spectra in the ATIC Experiment (2005)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-18
    Description: The Advanced Thin Ionization Calorimeter (ATIC) balloon-borne experiment is designed to perform cosmic- ray elemental spectra measurements from below 100 GeV up to tens TeV for nuclei from hydrogen to iron. The instrument is composed of a silicon matrix detector followed by a carbon target, interleaved with scintillator tracking layers, and a segmented BGO calorimeter composed of 320 individual crystals totalling 18 radiation lengths, used to determine the particle energy. The technique for deconvolution of the energy spectra measured in the thin calorimeter is based on detailed simulations of the response of the ATIC instrument to different cosmic ray nuclei over a wide energy range. The method of deconvolution is described and energy spectrum of carbon obtained by this technique is presented.
    Keywords: Astrophysics
    Type: 29th International Cosmic Ray Conference; Aug 03, 2005 - Aug 10, 2005; Pune; India
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  • 6
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    A Detailed FLUKA-2005 Monte Carlo Simulation for the ATIC Detector (2006)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: We have performed a detailed Monte Carlo (MC) calculation for the Advanced thin Ionization Calorimeter (ATIC) detector using the MC code FLUKA-2005 which is capable of simulating particles up to 10 PeV. The ATIC detector has completed two successful balloon flights from McMurdo, Antarctica lasting a total of more than 35 days. ATIC is designed as a multiple, long duration balloon Bight, investigation of the cosmic ray spectra from below 50 GeV to near 100 TeV total energy; using a fully active Bismuth Germanate @GO) calorimeter. It is equipped with a large mosaic of silicon detector pixels capable of charge identification and as a particle tracking system, three projective layers of x-y scintillator hodoscopes were employed, above, in the middle and below a 0.75 nuclear interaction length graphite target. Our calculations are part of an analysis package of both A- and energy-dependences of different nuclei interacting with the ATIC detector. The MC simulates the responses of different components of the detector such as the Simatrix, the scintillator hodoscopes and the BGO calorimeter to various nuclei. We also show comparisons of the FLUKA-2005 MC calculations with a GEANT calculation and data for protons, He and CNO.
    Keywords: Astrophysics
    Type: 36th COSPAR Scientific Assembly; Jul 16, 2006 - Jul 23, 2006; Beijing; China
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  • 7
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    The Cosmic Ray Electron Excess (2008)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: This slide presentation reviews the possible sources for the apparent excess of Cosmic Ray Electrons. The presentation reviews the Advanced Thin Ionization Calorimeter (ATIC) instrument, the various parts, how cosmic ray electrons are measured, and shows graphs that review the results of the ATIC instrument measurement. A review of Cosmic Ray Electrons models is explored, along with the source candidates. Scenarios for the excess are reviewed: Supernova remnants (SNR) Pulsar Wind nebulae, or Microquasars. Each of these has some problem that mitigates the argument. The last possibility discussed is Dark Matter. The Anti-Matter Exploration and Light-nuclei Astrophysics (PAMELA) mission is to search for evidence of annihilations of dark matter particles, to search for anti-nuclei, to test cosmic-ray propagation models, and to measure electron and positron spectra. There are slides explaining the results of Pamela and how to compare these with those of the ATIC experiment. Dark matter annihilation is then reviewed, which represent two types of dark matter: Neutralinos, and kaluza-Kline (KK) particles, which are next explained. The future astrophysical measurements, those from GLAST LAT, the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer (AMS), and HEPCAT are reviewed, in light of assisting in finding an explanation for the observed excess. Also the Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) experiment at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) could help by revealing if there are extra dimensions.
    Keywords: Astrophysics
    Type: M09-0439 , M09-0440 , Nature; 456; 362-365
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  • 8
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    POEMMA: Probe of Extreme Multi-Messenger Astrophysics (2017)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-14
    Description: The Probe Of Extreme Multi-Messenger Astrophysics (POEMMA) mission is being designed to establish charged-particle astronomy with ultra-high energy cosmic rays (UHECRs) and to observe cosmogenic tau neutrinos (CTNs). The study of UHECRs and CTNs from space will yield orders-of-magnitude increase in statistics of observed UHECRs at the highest energies, and the observation of the cosmogenic flux of neutrinos for a range of UHECR models. These observations should solve the long-standing puzzle of the origin of the highest energy particles ever observed, providing a new window onto the most energetic environments and events in the Universe, while studying particle interactions well beyond accelerator energies. The discovery of CTNs will help solve the puzzle of the origin of UHECRs and begin a new field of Astroparticle Physics with the study of neutrino properties at ultra-high energies.
    Keywords: Astrophysics
    Type: GSFC-E-DAA-TN70876 , Proceedings of Science (e-ISSN 1824-8039); 301; 542|International Cosmic Ray Conference; Jul 12, 2017 - Jul 20, 2017; Bexco, Busan; Korea, Republic of
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  • 9
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    The Electron Spectrum above 20 GeV Measured by ATIC-2 (2005)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-18
    Description: The Advanced Thin Ionization Calorimeter (ATIC) Balloon Experiment has been flown from McMurdo, Antarctica in 2000-01 (test flight) and 2002-03 (science flight). ATIC is composed of a segmented BGO calorimeter following a carbon target with scintillator tracking layers and a Silicon matrix detector at the entrance. ATIC measures the composition and energy spectra of the nuclei plus electrons. We present the electron spectrum derived from the ATIC-2 science flight, from 20 GeV to 1.5 TeV, and compare it to existing very high energy measurements from emulsion chambers and to the results of galactic propagation calculations. The good energy resolution and high statistics in the ATIC data allow detailed astrophysical interpretation of the results.
    Keywords: Astrophysics
    Type: 29th International Cosmic Ray Conference; Aug 03, 2005 - Aug 10, 2005; Pune; India
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