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  • 1
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    Recommendations from NASA's Operational and Research Musculoskeletal Summit (2006)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-18
    Description: Introduction: Continuously evolving medical standards of care, limited crew training time, and the inherent constraints of space flight necessitate regular revisions of the mission medical support infrastructure and methodology. A three-day Operational and Research Musculoskeletal Summit was held to review NASA s current strategy for preflight health maintenance and injury screening, risk mitigation for musculoskeletal injuries or syndromes, treatment methods during flight, and research topics to mitigate risks to astronaut health. The Summit also undertook consideration of the best evidence-based terrestrial musculoskeletal practices to recommend their adaptation for use in space. Methods: The types and frequencies of musculoskeletal injuries sustained by short- and long-duration astronauts were obtained from the Longitudinal Study of Astronaut Health. The Summit panel was comprised of experts from the clinical and research communities, as well as representatives from NASA Headquarters, the Astronaut corps, and the offices of JSC Medical Operations, JSC Human Adaptation and Countermeasures, Glenn Research Center Human Research, and Astronaut Strength Conditioning and Rehabilitation. Before the summit, panelists participated in a Web-based review of NASA s Space Medical Conditions List (SMCL). Results: The Summit generated seventy-five operational and research recommendations to the NASA Office of Space Medicine, including changes to the SMCL and to the musculoskeletal section of the ISS debrief questionnaire. From these recommendations, seven were assigned highest value and priority, and could be immediately adopted for the exploration architecture. Discussion: Optimized exercise and conditioning to improve performance and forestall musculoskeletal damage on orbit were the primary area of focus. Special attention was paid to exercise timing and muscle group specificity. The panel s recommendations are currently in various stages of consideration or integration into the ISS and Exploration programs. This effort serves to enhance the on-orbit system so comprehensive treatment can be delivered in a more effective and standardized manner.
    Keywords: Aerospace Medicine
    Type: AsMA Annual Conference; May 06, 2007 - May 10, 2007; New Orleans, LA; United States
    Format: text
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Tritium nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy - I: Technique, internal referencing and some preliminary results (1971)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Organic Magnetic Resonance 3 (1971), S. 127-138 
    Details
    ISSN: 0030-4921
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Routine measurement of triton magnetic resonance spectra is described for the first time, using a micro-bulb sample tube assembly to obviate radiological hazards. Levels of isotope abundance and chemical concentration, the problem of self-radiolysis and the general usefulness of the technique are discussed. Results are given for a selection of compounds including glucose, amino-acids, thymidine and uridine. The self-radiolysis of the last is followed.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mrc.1270030112
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The mass spectra of amino-acid and peptide derivatives - III:For Part II, see Ref. 1.. A comparison of the utility of various N-protecting groups (1969)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 2 (1969), S. 795-799 
    Details
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Comparison of the acetyl-, trifluoroacetyl-, benzyloxycarbonyl-, methoxycarbonyl-, ethoxycarbonyl, methylaminocarbonyl, phenylaminocarbonyl-, phthanoyl-, and stearoyl-derivatives of glycylleucylphenylalanine methyl ester has shown that acetyl derivative is the most volatile. The relative abundances of the sequence ions in the mass spectra od these compounds have been determined and compared: the acetyl derivative provides the best combination of volatility and abundance of sequence ions. Evidence is presented to show that the use of acid-catalysed esterification procedure for the chemical modification of peptides prior to mas spectrometric investigation can lead to degraded derivatives.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/oms.1210020805
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy of some substituted acetophenones (1970)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Organic Magnetic Resonance 2 (1970), S. 337-339 
    Details
    ISSN: 0030-4921
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Measurements are reported on the nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of the acetyl protons of a series of substituted acetophenones. Although the extreme values of the chemical shifts, δCOCH3 for the meta- and para- substituted compounds differ only by 0·2 units, the values themselves are linearly related to the Hammett substituent constants. No such relationship exists for the ortho-substituted compounds. The magnitude of the chemical shift is independent of substrate concentration over a five-fold variation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mrc.1270020404
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Isotope effects in NMR spectroscopy. S. Berger, N. M. Sergeyev, J. M. Risley and R. L. van Etten. NMR Basic Principles and Progress, Vol. 22, edited by P. Diehl, E. Fluck. H. Günther, R. Kosfield and J. Seelig, Springer, Berlin, 1990, ISBN 3 540 51286 1, DM 128 (1990)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Organic Magnetic Resonance 28 (1990), S. 918-918 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-1581
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mrc.1260281015
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mass spectrometric identification of indole compounds produced by Rhizobium strains (1982)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 9 (1982), S. 429-437 
    Details
    ISSN: 0306-042X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The following indole compounds have been unequivocally identified and semi-quantitated in culture supernatants of Rhizobium strains by gas chromatography mass spectrometry: indole-3-aldehyde, trytophol, indole-3-carboxylic acid, indole-3-glycollc acid, indole-3-actic acid, indole-3-glyoxylic acid, N-acethyl-L-tryptophan and indole-3-pyruvic acid, as well as indole-3-acetic acid. The strains included a number of chosen Rhizobium mutants defective in various stages of nodule formation, and the biological implications of the findings are discussed. Two alternative approaches to sample purification were taken, one based primarily on solvent partitioning and the other on high-performance liquid chromatography. The advantages of each method are discussed. Gas chromatographic retention times and mass spectra are given for the TMS derivatives of 17 authentic indole standards.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bms.1200091005
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  • 7
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    Endoscopic surgery and telemedicine in microgravity: developing contingency procedures for exploratory class spaceflight (1999)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: OBJECTIVES: The risk of a urinary calculus during an extended duration mission into the reduced gravity environment of space is significant. For medical operations to develop a comprehensive strategy for the spaceflight stone risk, both preventive countermeasures and contingency management (CM) plans must be included. METHODS: A feasibility study was conducted to demonstrate the potential CM technique of endoscopic ureteral stenting with ultrasound guidance for the possible in-flight urinary calculus contingency. The procedure employed the International Space Station/Human Research Facility ultrasound unit for guide wire and stent localization, a flexible cystoscope for visual guidance, and banded, biocompatible soft ureteral stents to successfully stent porcine ureters bilaterally in zero gravity (0g). RESULTS: The study demonstrated that downlinked endoscopic surgical and ultrasound images obtained in 0g are comparable in quality to 1g images, and therefore are useful for diagnostic clinical utility via telemedicine transmission. CONCLUSIONS: In order to be successful, surgical procedures in 0g require excellent positional stability of the operating surgeon, assistant, and patient, relative to one another. The technological development of medical procedures for long-duration spaceflight contingencies may lead to improved terrestrial patient care methodology and subsequently reduced morbidity.
    Keywords: Aerospace Medicine
    Type: Urology (ISSN 0090-4295); Volume 53; 5; 892-7
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  • 8
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    Update of Bisphosphonate Flight Experiment (2015)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-19
    Description: Elevated bone resorption is a hallmark of human spaceflight and bed rest indicating that elevated remodeling is a major factor in the etiology of space flight bone loss. In a collaborative effort between the NASA and JAXA space agencies, we are testing whether an antiresorptive drug would provide additional benefit to in-flight exercise to ameliorate bone loss and hypercalciuria during long-duration spaceflight. Measurements of bone loss include DXA, QCT, pQCT, urinary and blood biomarkers. We have completed analysis of R+1year data from 7 crewmembers treated with alendronate during flight, as well as immediate post flight (R+〈2wks) data from 6 of 10 concurrent controls without treatment. The treated astronauts used the Advanced Resistive Exercise Device (ARED) during their missions. The purpose of this report is twofold: 1) to report the results of inflight, post flight and one year post flight bone measures compared with available controls with and without the use of ARED; and 2) to discuss preliminary data on concurrent controls. The figure below compares the BMD changes in ISS crewmembers exercising with and without the current ARED protocol and the alendronate treated crewmembers also using the ARED. This shows that the use of ARED prevents about half the bone loss seen in early ISS crewmembers and that the addition of an antiresorptive provides additional benefit. Resorption markers and urinary Ca excretion are not impacted by exercise alone but are significantly reduced with antiresorptive treatment. Bone measures for treated subjects, 1 year after return from space remain at or near baseline. DXA data for the 6 concurrent controls using the ARED device are similar to DXA data shown in the figure below. QCT data for these six indicate that the integral data are consistent with the DXA data, i.e., comparing the two control groups suggests significant but incomplete improvement in maintaining BMD using the ARED protocol. Biochemical data of the concurrent control group await sample return and analysis. The preliminary conclusion is that an antiresorptive may be an effective adjunct to exercise during long-duration spaceflight.
    Keywords: Aerospace Medicine
    Type: JSC-CN-32238 , 2015 Human Research Program Investigators'' Workshop (HRP IWS 2015); Jan 13, 2015 - Jan 15, 2015; Galveston, TX; United States
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 9
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    Heart Rhythm Monitoring in the Constellation Lunar and Launch/Landing EVA Suit: Recommendations from an Expert Panel (2008)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-19
    Description: Currently there are several physiological monitoring requirements for Extravehicular Activity (EVA) in the Human-Systems Interface Requirements (HSIR) document, including continuous heart rhythm monitoring. However, it is not known whether heart rhythm monitoring in the lunar surface space suit is a necessary capability for lunar surface operations or in launch/landing suit the event of a cabin depressurization enroute to or from the moon. Methods: Current US astronaut corps demographic information was provided to an expert panel of cardiovascular medicine experts, including specialists in electrophysiology, exercise physiology, interventional cardiology and arrhythmia. This information included averages for male/female age, body mass index (BMI), blood pressure, cholesterol, inflammatory markers, echocardiogram, ranges for coronary artery calcium (CAC) scores for long duration astronauts, and ranges for heart rate (HR) and metabolic (MET) rates obtained during microgravity and lunar EVA. Results: The panel determined that no uncontrolled hazard was likely to occur in the suit during lunar surface or contingency microgravity ops that would require ECG monitoring in the highly screened US astronaut population. However having the capability for rhythm monitoring inside the vehicle (IVA) was considered critical to manage an astronaut in distress. Discussion: Heart rate (HR) monitoring alone allows effective monitoring of astronaut health and function. Consequently, electrocardiographic (ECG) monitoring capability as a clinical tool is not essential in the lunar or launch/landing space suit. However, the panel considered that rhythm monitoring could be useful in certain clinical situations, it was not considered required for safe operations. Also, lunar vehicles should be required to have ECG monitoring capability with a minimum of 5-lead ECG (derived 12- lead) for IVA medical assessments.
    Keywords: Aerospace Medicine
    Type: Aerospace Medical Association Annual; May 03, 2009 - May 07, 2009; Los Angeles, CA; United States
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  • 10
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    Use of Potassium Citrate to Reduce the Risk of Renal Stone Formation During Spaceflight (2008)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-19
    Description: Introduction: NASA s Vision for Space Exploration centers on exploration class missions including the goals of returning to the moon and landing on Mars. One of NASA s objectives is to focus research on astronaut health and the development of countermeasures that will protect crewmembers during long duration voyages. Exposure to microgravity affects human physiology and results in changes in the urinary chemical composition favoring urinary supersaturation and an increased risk of stone formation. Nephrolithiasis is a multifactorial disease and development of a renal stone is significantly influenced by both dietary and environmental factors. Previous results from long duration Mir and short duration Shuttle missions have shown decreased urine volume, pH, and citrate levels and increased calcium. Citrate, an important inhibitor of calcium-containing stones, binds with urinary calcium reducing the amount of calcium available to form stones. Citrate inhibits renal stone recurrence by preventing crystal growth, aggregation, and nucleation and is one of the most common therapeutic agents used to prevent stone formation. Methods: Thirty long duration crewmembers (29 male, 1 female) participated in this study. 24-hour urines were collected and dietary monitoring was performed pre, in, and postflight. Crewmembers in the treatment group received two potassium citrate (KCIT) pills, 10 mEq/pill, ingested daily beginning 3 days before launch, all inflight days and through 14 days postflight. Urinary biochemical and dietary analyses were completed. Results: KCIT treated subjects exhibited decreased urinary calcium excretion and maintained the levels of calcium oxalate supersaturation risk at their preflight levels. The increased urinary pH levels in these subjects reduced the risk of uric acid stones. Discussion: The current study investigated the use of potassium citrate as a countermeasure to minimize the risk of stone formation during ISS missions. Results suggest that supplementation with potassium citrate decreases the risk of stone formation during and immediately after spaceflight.
    Keywords: Aerospace Medicine
    Type: 80th Annual Meeting of the Aerospace Medical Medical Association; May 03, 2009 - May 07, 2009; Los Angeles, CA; United States
    Format: text
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