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  • 1
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-06-07
    Beschreibung: The mid-infrared spectrum of a continuously increasing number of stellar objects, planetary and reflection nebulae, H-II regions and extragalactic sources show a distinctive set of broad emission features at 3.3, 3.4, 6.2, 7.7, 8.6, and 11.3 micron known collectively as the unidentified infrared emission bands. A model is summarized in which the bands arise from positively charged polycyclic hydrocarbons (PAH's) on the basis of their low ionization potential and the excellent agreement between the emission bands and laboratory spectra of auto exhaust which contains these types of molecules. The proposed presence of PAHs in such a variety of objects points to their presence in the interstellar medium. Out of a previously published collection of solid state PAH radical cation spectra five were selected on the basis of the unique thermodynamic stability of their carrier and compared directly to the wavelengths of the DIB's. Although the match seems quite favorable, strongly suggesting that PAH radicals are the long sought after carrier of the diffuse interstellar absorption bands, much laboratory work must be done to test this hypothesis.
    Schlagwort(e): ASTROPHYSICS
    Materialart: NASA, Washington. Interrelationships among Circumstellar, Interstellar and Interplanetary Dust; 2 p
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 2
    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-19
    Beschreibung: A good case has recently been made that the unidentified infrared emission features arise from positively charged, partially hydrogenated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). In this letter it is suggested that these exceedingly stable ions are also the carriers of the diffuse interstellar bands. Although a large variety of PAH isomers is possible, the more condensed forms are substantially more stable than the less condensed forms and are expected to be dominant in the harsh interstellar environment. While neutral PAHs do not absorb in the visible, their ionized counterparts do. Because of their low ionization potential, a substantial fraction of the interstellar PAHs will be ionized. Visible spectra of the most stable PAH cations isolated in glasses are compared directly to the interstellar band spectra. Although the laboratory spectra are on an extremely compressed scale and solid state shifts are present, the comparison is favorable. Since little information is available concerning the spectroscopic properties of these species in the gas phase, a considerable amount of laboratory and theoretical work is called for to test this hypothesis.
    Schlagwort(e): ASTROPHYSICS
    Materialart: Astrophysical Journal, Part 2 - Letters to the Editor (ISSN 0004-637X); 293; L45-L48
    Format: text
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  • 3
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-06-28
    Beschreibung: New infrared and submillimeter spectroscopic measurements of the gas dynamics in the central 10 pc of the Galaxy make a convincing case that the mass distribution at the center of the Galaxy is more concentrated than a spherical isothermal stellar cluster. The measurements fit a point mass of about 4 million solar masses, but are also consistent with a cluster where stellar density decreases with radius (R) at least as fast as R to the -2.7, or a combination of a point mass and a stellar cluster. The dynamical information combined with previous 2-micron observations favor a large point mass, which is presumably a massive black hole.
    Schlagwort(e): ASTROPHYSICS
    Materialart: Nature (ISSN 0028-0836); 315; 467-470
    Format: text
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  • 4
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-06-28
    Beschreibung: Observations of the 158 microns fine-structure line of C(+) toward the nuclei of six gas-rich galaxies are presented. The observations are compared with observations of the CO J = 1-0 and H I 21 cm lines, observations of far-IR continuum emission, and observations of forbidden C II emission with the Galaxy. The forbidden C II line comes from dense, warm gas in UV-illuminated photodissociation regions at the surfaces of molecular clouds. This line is probably optically thin in all but the brightest of galactic sources. The variation of forbidden C II brightness from source to source and its ratio to the integrated infrared continuum intensity agree well with the theoretical prediction that UV absorption by dust controls the C(+) column density. The forbidden C II line is a tracer of molecular clouds, especially those near intense sources of UV radiation.
    Schlagwort(e): ASTROPHYSICS
    Materialart: Astrophysical Journal, Part 1 (ISSN 0004-637X); 291; 755-771
    Format: text
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  • 5
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-06-28
    Beschreibung: The 63 micrometer (3)P(1)-(3)P(2) fine structure line emission of neutral atomic oxygen at the center of the Orion nebula with a resolution of 30'' is presented. There are three main emission peaks. One is associated with the region of strongest thermal radio continuum radiation close to the Trapezium cluster, and probably arises at the interface between the H II region and the dense Orion molecular cloud. The other two line emission peaks, associated with the Kleinmann-Low nebula, are similar in both distribution and velocity to those of the 2 micrometer S(1) line of molecular hydrogen and of the high velocity wings of rotational CO emission. The OI emission from the KL nebula can be produced in the shocked gas associated with the mass outflows in this region and is an important coolant of the shocked gas.
    Schlagwort(e): ASTROPHYSICS
    Materialart: Astrophysical Journal, Part 2 - Letters to the Editor (ISSN 0004-637X); 282; L81-L84
    Format: text
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  • 6
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-07-12
    Beschreibung: Measurements of several far-infrared emission line profiles in the Orion-KL region are reported. The emission from the CO, OH, and forbidden O I emission lines toward the BN-KL and H2 peak 1 positions probably comes from dense, hot molecular gas in the Orion-KL shock. The CO and forbidden O I lines have similar profiles, suggesting that the high-velocity forbidden O I emission also arises in magnetohydrodynamic 'cloud' shocks. The velocity centroids of the lines are somewhat blueshifted. The far-infrared data thus support the interpretation that the blue asymmetry of the H2 2 micron lines is not mainly due to differential dust extinction, but rather to the kinematics and geometry of the shocked gas in the Orion-KL outflow. The forbidden O I and CO lines, however, have significantly less extreme blueshifted emission than the H2 lines. Both the forbidden O I 63 micron and forbidden C II 158 micron lines have features strongly supporting a common origin near the surface of the Orion molecular cloud.
    Schlagwort(e): ASTROPHYSICS
    Materialart: Astrophysical Journal, Part 2 - Letters to the Editor (ISSN 0004-637X); 303; L57-L60
    Format: text
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  • 7
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-07-12
    Beschreibung: Rotationally excited carbon monoxide has been detected in the Galactic H II region/molecular cloud complex G333.6-0.2 in the 163-micron J = 16 to 15 and 186-micron J = 14 to 13 transitions. These detections, together with an upper limit to the J = 21 to 20 transition at 124 microns indicate that the excited CO emission comes from gas of kinetic temperature 200 to 800 K and pressure of about 5 x 10 to the 7th/cu cm. A high-resolution spectrum of the J = 14 to 13 transition shows CO emission over more than 80 km/s, possibly with a double peaked profile centered near the systemic velocity of G333.6-0.2. The far-infrared CO emission probably comes from shocked gas in the mass outflow from newly formed, massive stars. The detection of the J = 14 to 13 transition is the first to be made of this line in any source, and is the longest wavelength line yet detected in interstellar space by nonheterodyne techniques.
    Schlagwort(e): ASTROPHYSICS
    Materialart: Royal Astronomical Society, Monthly Notices (ISSN 0035-8711); 237; 1001-100
    Format: text
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  • 8
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-07-12
    Beschreibung: The spatial distribution of the 158 micron forbidden C II emission in the central 1 kiloparsec of the infrared galaxy M82 is discussed, and the detection of two fine-structure lines of forbidden O I and forbidden O III at 146 and 52 microns is reported. Within 500 pc of the nucleus, the far-infrared emission lines contain about 200 million solar luminosities. The neutral gas in the inner disk is in dense, relatively small clouds, thin filaments, or sheets of very low volume filling factor, associated with a lower density ionized medium of moderately high filling factor. Within 500 pc of the nucleus, about 30 million solar masses is contained in H II regions and 30 million solar masses in photodissociation regions. There is a component of ionized and neutral gas near LSR of roughly 150 km/s centered near the compact radio source 41.9 + 58 and elongated along the minor axis of M82. The gas is especially dense in this region and appears to be associated with X-ray emission and the inner H-alpha filaments.
    Schlagwort(e): ASTROPHYSICS
    Materialart: Astrophysical Journal, Part 2 - Letters to the Editor (ISSN 0004-637X); 311; L51-L56
    Format: text
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  • 9
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-07-12
    Beschreibung: Based on data obtained with the NASA Kuiper Airborne Observatory 91.4 cm telescope, the 158-micron fine structure line emission of C(+) is mapped near the galactic center. The strongest emission comes from a 10-pc FWHM diameter disk centered on Sgr A West whose dominant motion is rotation. Extended C(+) emission is also found from the +50 km/s galactic center molecular cloud, and a second cloud at v(LSR) of about -35 km/s. The rotation curve and mass distribution within 10 pc of the galactic center are derived, and the C(+) profiles show a drop-off of rotation velocity between 2 and 10 pc. A mass model is suggested with 2-4 million solar masses in a central point mass, and a M/L ratio of the central stellar cluster of 0.5 solar masses/solar luminosities, suggesting a large abundance of giants and relatively recent star formation in the center.
    Schlagwort(e): ASTROPHYSICS
    Materialart: Astrophysical Journal, Part 1 (ISSN 0004-637X); 306; 691-702
    Format: text
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  • 10
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-07-12
    Beschreibung: The mapping of far-infrared C(+) and O(0) fine-structure lines and the first detection of far-infrared CO and OH rotational line emission and OH absorption toward the Galactic center are reported. These measurments are compared with far-infrared and radio continuum maps, with recent observations of the 12.8 micron forbidden Ne II line, and with measurements of CO 2.6 mm emission and H I 21 cm absorption. The new observations clearly show that there is a 10 pc diameter neutral gas disk or torus of several times 10,000 solar masses surrounding the inner ionized cavity. The disk has an inner radius of 1.7 pc, is inclined by about 20 deg to the Galactic plane, and may be quite thin. The atomic gas in the neutral disk is dense and fills less than 10 percent of the volume. The disk rotates about the Galactic center about an axis remarkably similar to that of the Galactic rotation at much larger scales.
    Schlagwort(e): ASTROPHYSICS
    Materialart: Astrophysical Journal, Part 1 (ISSN 0004-637X); 297; 766-786
    Format: text
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