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  • 538.7  (2)
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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2021-07-26
    Description: Solar wind observations show that geomagnetic storms are mainly driven by interplanetary coronal mass ejections (ICMEs) and corotating or stream interaction regions (C/SIRs). We present a binary classifier that assigns one of these drivers to 7,546 storms between 1930 and 2015 using ground-based geomagnetic field observations only. The input data consists of the long-term stable Hourly Magnetospheric Currents index alongside the corresponding midlatitude geomagnetic observatory time series. This data set provides comprehensive information on the global storm time magnetic disturbance field, particularly its spatial variability, over eight solar cycles. For the first time, we use this information statistically with regard to an automated storm driver identification. Our supervised classification model significantly outperforms unskilled baseline models (78% accuracy with 26[19]% misidentified interplanetary coronal mass ejections [corotating or stream interaction regions]) and delivers plausible driver occurrences with regard to storm intensity and solar cycle phase. Our results can readily be used to advance related studies fundamental to space weather research, for example, studies connecting galactic cosmic ray modulation and geomagnetic disturbances. They are fully reproducible by means of the underlying open-source software (Pick, 2019, http://doi.org/10.5880/GFZ.2.3.2019.003)
    Keywords: 538.7 ; geomagnetic observatory data ; geomagnetic storm drivers ; historical geomagnetic storms ; supervised machine learning
    Language: English
    Type: article
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2021-10-15
    Description: A full-vector paleomagnetic record, comprising directional data and relative paleointensity (rPI), was derived from 16 sediment cores recovered from the southeastern Black Sea. The obtained data were used to create a stack covering the time window between 68.9 and 14.5 ka. Age models are based on radiocarbon dating and correlations of warming/cooling cycles monitored by high-resolution X-ray fluorescence (XRF) elementary ratios and by ice-rafted debris (IRD) in Black Sea sediments to the sequence of “Dansgaard-Oeschger” (D-O) events defined from the Greenland ice core oxygen isotope stratigraphy. The reconstructed prominent lows in paleointensity at about 64.5, 41.2, and 34.5 ka are coeval with the Norwegian-Greenland Sea, the Laschamps, and the Mono Lake excursions, respectively. For a further analysis, the stacked Black Sea paleomagnetic record was converted into one component being parallel to the direction expected from a geocentric axial dipole (GAD) and two components perpendicular to it (EW, inclined NS), representing definitely only non-GAD components of the geomagnetic field. Discussions of the field configurations at the Black Sea site are focused on the three excursional events. The Norwegian-Greenland Sea excursion was dominated by a decaying axial dipole and persisting weak nondipole field, with directional variations still within the range of normal secular variations. The Laschamps excursion comprises two full polarity transitions and a short stable interval of reversed polarity in between. The Mono Lake excursion was mostly dominated by a nondipole field, though with a less pronounced weakening of the axial dipole component.
    Keywords: 538.7 ; Black Sea ; Norwegian-Greenland Sea excursion ; Laschamps excursion ; Mono Lake excursion ; paleosecular variations
    Language: English
    Type: map
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