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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 30 (1987), S. 928-935 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Experimental investigations on α-amylase and glucoamylase bound to porous polystyrene show that the activity of immobilized enzymes can be raised in the presence of an ultrasonic field. The maximum activity increase in a flow cuvette at 7.6 MHz and a sound intensity of 5 kW/m2 amounts to more than 200% under the given experimental conditions. A mathematical model based on the differential equation for the interior and exterior substrate transport is set up and solved numerically. From the theoretical considerations and the experiments it is evident that the mechanism of the ultrasonic effect can be explained in terms of a reduction of the unstirred diffusion layer around the matrix particles.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 1999 (1999), S. 785-787 
    ISSN: 1434-1948
    Keywords: Atom distribution ; Mixed crystals ; Scanning tunneling microscopy ; Layered compounds ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The layered compound Nb3(Se1-xIx)I7 is obtained when the I atoms at the face-capping sites of the layered compound Nb3I8 are replaced by Se atoms. The amount and distribution of the Se atoms in Nb3(Se1-xIx)I7 were examined by scanning tunneling microscopy. The analysis shows that the distribution of the Se atoms is completely random.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 112 (1979), S. 3886-3894 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Esterification and Etherification of Sterically Hindered Carbohydrate Functions Activated by Triphenylphosphane/Diethyl Azodicarboxylate6-O-Benzoyl-3-O-benzyl-1,2-0-isopropylidiene-α-D-glucofuranose(11), activated by diethyl azodicarboxylate (2) (DEAD) and triphenylphosphane (1), reacts sterically unspecifically with p-nitro benzoic acid, benzoic acid, methyl p-toluenesulfonate and methyl mesitylenesulfonate. The expected substitution (L-ido) product is formed (with inversion of configuration at C-5), but accompanied by the D-glucose-epimer, the formation of which is discussed by means of an acylation mechanism. - The reaction of the 1,2:5,6-di-O-isopropylidene-α-D-glucofuranose (7) with aryl-sulfonic methyl esters and triphenylphosphane/DEAD stops at the stage of the alkoxy phosphonium salts 8. The 3-ethers of 7are formed by treatment of these salts 8 with sodium alcoholate.
    Notes: Die 6-0-Benzoyl-3-0-Benzyl-1,2-0-isopropyliden-α-D-glucofuranose (11) reagiert unter der Einwirkung von Azodicarbonsäure-diethylester (2) (DEAD) und Triphenylphosphan (1) mit p- Nitro benzoesäure, Benzoesäure, p-Toluolsulfonsäure- und Mesitylensulfonsäure-methylester sterisch nicht einheitlich. Es bildet sich das erwartete Substitutions-(L-ido)-Produkt (unter Inversion an C-5), aber daneben auch das D-gluco-Epimere; für dessen Bildung wird ein Acylierungsmechanismus diskutiert. - Die Reaktion der 1,2:5,6-Di-O-isopropyliden α-D-glucofuranose(7) mit dem Reagenzsystem 1/2 und Arylsulfonsäure-methylesters bleibt auf der Alkoxyphosphoniumsalze 8 stehen. Durch Umsetzung mit Alkoholat erhält man aus diesen Salzen 8 3-Ether von 7.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 97 (1981), S. 179-187 
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: The porosity of the external particle surface of macroreticular functionalized polystyrenes used for enzyme immobilization could be increased by ultrasonic treatment. The spherical shape of the polymer prepared by suspension polymerization was not significantly changed by this procedure. The alterations of the surface structure of the polymer were detected by electron microscopy studies. The influence of the surface porosity in the catalytic behaviour of polystyrene-bound α-amylase as well as on the protein adsorption of the functionalized polymers was investigated. The results showed that the transport of starch and protein into the interior of the beads was favoured after ultrasonic treatment.
    Notes: Die Porosität der äußeren Partikeloberfläche von makroporösen Polystyrol-Enzym-Trägern ließ sich durch Ultraschallbehandlung vergrößern, ohne daß die Kugelgestalt des im Suspensionsverfahren hergestellten Polymeren signifikant verändert wurde. Die Änderungen in der Oberflächenstruktur des Polymeren wurden durch elektronenmikroskopische Aufnahmen nachgewiesen. Es wurde der Einfluß der Oberflächenporosität sowohl auf das katalytische Verhalten von immobilisierter α-Amylase als auch auf die Proteinadsorption der funktionalisierten Polystyrole untersucht. Die Resultate zeigten, daß der Transport von Stärke und Protein in das Matrixinnere nach Ultraschallbehandlung der Polymeren begünstigt wird.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 36 (1985), S. 320-324 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Hochtemperaturkorrosion von Fe-Cr-Mn-Legierungen in H2-H2S- und H2-H2O-H2S-GemischenDie Sulfidierung von Fe-20%Cr-30% Mn, Fe-25%Cr-20%Mn und Fe-25%Cr in H2-H2S wurde bei 700°C untersucht und die Oxidation und Sulfidierung dieser Legierungen in H2-H2O-H2S nach Voroxidation in H2-H2O.Die Sulfidierungsgeschwindigkeit ist für die Mn-haltigen Legierungen stark erhöht, Schichten von (Mn,Cr)S und (Mn,Fe)Cr2S4 werden gebildet. Auch die Oxidationsgeschwindigkeit unter Bildung von MnCr2O4 anstelle von Cr2O3 ist erhöht verglichen mit Fe-25%Cr.Die Sulfidierung nach Voroxidation führt zu innerer und äußerer Sulfidbildung bei den Mn-haltigen Legierungen. Mit zunehmendem Sauerstoffdruck p(O2) = 10-26… 10-26 atm. der H2-H2O-H2S Gemische wird die Sulfidierung unterdrückt, für höhere Sauerstoffdrucke 10-23 und 10-22 atm. ist schnelle Oxidation unter Bildung von MnCr2O4 vorherrschend.Das Mangan kann trotz der Stabilität und niedrigem Fehlordnungsgrad seines Sulfides, die Beständigkeit von Legierungen gegen Sulfidierung nicht erhöhen, da das Mischsulfid (Mn, Cr)S gebildet wird, das offenbar hohen Fehlordnungsgrad, hohe Diffusionsgeschwindigkeiten und hohe Wachstumsgeschwindigkeit infolge des Dotierungseffektes durch dreiwertiges Cr3+ aufweist.
    Notes: The sulfidation of Fe-20% Cr-30% Mn, Fe-25%Cr-20%Mn and Fe-25% Cr was studied at 700°C in H2-H2S and the oxidation and sulfidation in H2-H2O-H2S after preoxidation in H2-H2O.The sulfidation rate is strongly increased for the Mn-containing alloys, layers of (Mn,Cr)S and (Mn,Fe)Cr2S4 are formed. Also the oxidation rate is enhanced compared to Fe-25% Cr by formation of MnCr2O4 instead of Cr2O3.The sulfidation after preoxidation leads to internal and external sulfidation of the Mn-containing alloys. With increasing oxygen pressure p(O2) = 10-26…10-22 atm. of the H2-H2O-H2S mixtures the sulfidation is suppressed, for the higher oxygen pressure 10-23 and 10-22 atm. fast oxidation prevails under formation of MnCr2O4.Manganese cannot increase the sulfidation resistance of alloys, in spite of the stability and low degree of disorder of its sulfide, since the mixed sulfide (Mn,Cr)S is formed which has a high degree of disorder, high diffusivities and high growth rate according to the doping effect of trivalent Cr3+.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 6
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Instrumentation of rotary tableting machines. Instrumentation of rotary tableting machines has two main purposes: to control the tableting process during production and to investigate the compression behaviour of substances. While the former is routinely implemented today, the compression process itself is still under investigation. Measurements are carried out to record compression-, ejection-, residual-, die-wall-, and adhesion forces. In addition, displacement of punches is registered. Strain gauges are commonly used for force measurements. For more precise investigations, piezoelectric load washers are installed. Displacement measurements, which are seldom performed on rotary tableting machines, are carried out with inductive displacement transducers. This paper describes the present state of the art. The problems of routine compression force control in tablet production have now been solved. In contrast, a general description of the powdercompression process is not possible in detail. New methods for data collection from rotary tableting machines are described, enabling the pharmacist to reach a better understanding of the compression process.
    Additional Material: 19 Ill.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 69 (1997), S. 843-846 
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 70 (1998), S. 1004-1006 
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 9
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 43 (1971), S. 914-922 
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Bei Verbundsystemen aus chemikalienbeständigen Liner aus Polyvinylchlorid (PVC), Polypropylen (PP) oder Polyäthylen (PE) und mechanisch festem glasfaserverstärktem Kunststoff (GFK) treten neben den bei reinen Plastomer- oder bei reinen GFK- Konstruktionen bekannten Beanspruchungen zusätzliche Belastungen auf. Dies sind insbesondere behinderte Dehnungen. An unterschiedlichen Probekörpern und kleinen Bauteilen gemessene und errechnete Beanspruchungen werden eingehend dargestellt. Die daraus für den Fall des Versagens sich ergebenden Folgerungen und deren Berücksichtigung für die Dimensionierungen werden diskutiert.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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