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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Isotherm selection for band profile simulations in preparative chromatography (1991)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 37 (1991), S. 836-844 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Equilibrium adsorption data for the N-benzoyl derivatives of D- and L-phenyl alanine in water/propanol solutions have been determined on a chiral-selective stationary phase, bovine serum albumin immobilized on silica. These data are well accounted for by an isotherm equation resulting from the sum of two Langmuir terms. The first term corresponds to the chiral-selective interactions, and the second to the nonselective molecular interactions between the enantiomers and the stationary phase. The individual band profiles of the two enantiomeric amino acids, either pure or in binary mixtures of various compositions, are predicted exactly by an equilibrium dispersive model using this bi-Langmuir isotherm. A classical Langmuir isotherm fails to predict these band profiles, illustrating the importance to collect accurate adsorption data and to use a correct isotherm model when calculating chromatographic band profiles.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690370606
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Simulated moving bed under linear conditions: Experimental vs. calculated results (1997)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 43 (1997), S. 935-945 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A simulated moving bed (SMB) was operated for the separation of mixtures of 2-phenyl ethanol and 3-phenyl-1-propanol on columns packed with Zorbax C18 bonded silica, using a 60:40 (v/v) solution of methanol and water as the mobile phase. Series of four or eight columns were used. The experiments were carried out with low concentration mixtures, that is, under linear conditions. Band profiles of both compounds eluted from one of the columns during successive periods after steady state had been reached were recorded, as were the concentration histories at the extract and raffinate ports. These experimental results are compared to those predicted by two models: the linear ideal and the linear equilibrium-dispersive models of chromatography, applied to the SMB separator. These two models give excellent agreement between the experimental profiles and those calculated with the model. As expected, the profiles predicted by the ideal and the equilibrium-dispersive models differ only by the lack of dispersion in the profiles given by the former. The latter model is demonstrated to be a solid, reliable tool for further studies of the SMB design and optimization.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690430409
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Experimental study of the influence of the flow rates in SMB chromatography (1997)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 43 (1997), S. 2970-2983 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A Sorbex-type SMB separation instrument was operated for the separation of mixtures of 2-phenyl ethanol and 3-phenyl-l-propanol on a series of eight columns packed with Zorbax C18 bonded silica, using a 60:40 (u/v) solution of methanol and water as the mobile phase. The experiments were carried out with low-concentration mixtures under linear conditions. The elution profiles of both compounds between any two successive columns of the set under steady-state conditions were recorded while compositions of the raffinate and extract were measured. The four safety margin factors, βj, were divided into two groups: β1 and β4; β2 and β3 with different influence. Within the framework of the linear, ideal model of chromatography, a range of flow rates enables an SMB to operate successfully by completely separating the feed into its two components. The influence of different flow rates on the performance of the separator was studied by calculations and experiments with excellent agreement between both sets. With a simple optimization strategy, the four flow rates are selected to maximize the production rate or the concentration of extract and raffinate products, or to minimize the desorbent consumption. These optimum conditions are obtained by controlling the locations of concentration profiles inside the SMB. A reliable model for SMB operation allows a rapid and easy selection of the optimum experimental conditions.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690431110
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparison of maximum production rates and optimum operating/design parameters in overloaded elution and displacement chromatography (1993)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 41 (1993), S. 134-147 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: displacement ; elution ; optimization ; preparative chromatography ; production rate ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The results of a study of the optimization of the experimental conditions for maximum production rate in overloaded elution and displacement chromatography are discussed. This study is based on the use of the equilibrium-dispersive model of chromatography and the competitive Langmuir isotherms to calculate individual band profiles in the elution and displacement modes, and of a simplex algorithm to optimize the production rate. The operating parameters (sample size, mobile phase velocity, and the displacer concentration in the displacement model) and the column design parameters (column length and average particle diameter) are optimized simultaneously. Binary mixtures having relative concentrations 3:1 and 1:3, and separation factors of 1.2 to 1.8 are investigated. One of our major results is that, in both modes of chromatography, the maximum production rate is achieved at very low values of the retention factors, k′, much lower than those used in current practice. In all cases, unless k′ exceeds greatly that optimum value, the production rate is higher in overloaded elution than in displacement chromatography. This is particularly true for the extraction of a minor component, which is eluted second. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260410118
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Prediction of a protein band profile in preparative reversed-phase gradient elution chromatography (1992)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 39 (1992), S. 877-885 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: adsorption ; chromatography ; gradient-elution ; isotherms ; proteins ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The overloaded band profiles of lysozyme in reversedphase preparative chromatography were recorded on a C18 chemically bonded silica column, with acetonitrile/water as the mobile phase. These experiments were carried out under isocratic conditions at 31.6, 31.9, and 32.2% acetonitrile (ACN) for loading factors up to 43% of the column saturation capacity and under linear-solvent-strength gradientelution with gradient slopes of 0.5 and 1% ACN/min, for loading factors up to 11.3%. The adsorption isotherms of lysozyme were measured for the same solvent compositions and found to be accurately accounted for by a bi-Langmuir isotherm model.With the use of a Craig model implementation of the equilibrium-dispersive model of chromatography, the band profiles of lysozyme were calculated. An excellent agreement was observed between these calculated profiles and the experimental profiles recorded at loading factors below 5%. By contrast, band profiles calculated using a Langmuir isotherm failed to describe the experimental bands. At column loadings exceeding 8%, a slight but systematic deviation takes place between calculated and experimental profiles. It is most probably explained by the considerable concentration effect of the gradient, making the band experience phase equilibrium in a concentration range that exceeds largely the one where the isotherm data have been measured.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260390810
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Measurement of transverse and axial apparent dispersion coefficients in packed beds (1996)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 42 (1996), S. 3041-3054 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The axial and transverse apparent dispersion coefficients of three solvents in two packed chromatographic columns were determined by pulsed-field-gradient nuclear-magnetic resonance in a range of mobile phase velocity. The column beds were packed with 5- μm particles of porous C18 silica or 30-μm particles of silica. The solvents used were methanol and acetonitrile (in an 80:20 ACN/water solution) in the former case and acetone in the latter. The coefficients were determined over a range of particle Peclet numbers from less than 0.1 to approximately 10 in the former case and 40 in the latter. The data obtained with short dispersion times were fitted to the correlations suggested by Giddings, Horvath and Lin, Huber, and Knox. These data agreed well only with the Giddings equation.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690421106
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Prediction of binary, overloaded elution profiles using the simple wave effect (1990)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 36 (1990), S. 1722-1730 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The separation of binary mixtures in overloaded elution chromatography has been investigated experimentally and theoretically using the Rouchon-Golshan-Shirazi implementation of the semiideal model (equilibrium-dispersive model). A competitive Langmuir isotherm with parameters determined from single-component data gives good prediction of the experimental data. Improved predictions, however, can be obtained by directly measuring the binary isotherm using the method of the hodograph transform.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690361113
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Theoretical study of recycling in preparative chromatography (1993)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 39 (1993), S. 809-819 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Using the equilibrium-dispersive model of chromatography, we have investigated recycling as a means to improve the recovery yields and possibly the production rates of chromatographic separations. When compared with the optimal values obtained for the conventional single-cycle regime, our results prove the potential for recycling in preparative chromatography. The analysis performed for the separation of two binary mixtures demonstrates that recycling not only improves the recovery yield but can increase the production rate under certain conditions. Different possibilities of collecting sufficiently separated fractions during recycling are compared. The mathematical model developed can be used effectively for designing optimal recycling strategies in preparative liquid chromatography.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690390509
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Prediction of the profiles of the elution bands of proteins in preparative liquid chromatography (1990)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 36 (1990), S. 288-292 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A semiequilibrium model of chromatography has been developed to account for the elution profile of high concentration bands. The use of this model requires the prior determination of the equilibrium isotherms of the studied compounds in the chromatographic phase system. The model is applied here to a study of the isocratic elution bands of chicken albumin and conalbumin on a weak anion exchanger in aqueous buffered solutions. Satisfactory agreement is observed between the experimental elution profiles of large-sample-size bands of chicken albumin and conalbumin.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260360311
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Optimizing experimental conditions for minimum production cost in preparative chromatography (1994)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 40 (1994), S. 594-605 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Optimum experimental conditions and column design parameters are calculated for most economical separation of binary mixtures by preparative liquid chromatography. The solvent consumption and capital costs are regarded as the two major cost contributions. Calculations were performed by using the numerical solution of the equilibrium-dispersive model of chromatography and a nonlinear simplex algorithm. Solvent consumption depends only on the column efficiency, the retention factor, and the loading factor. The production rate depends on the particle size, the column length, the mobile-phase flow velocity, the retention and the loading factors, and can be optimized with or without recovery yield constraints. A hybrid objective function was constructed to find the tradeoffs between the production rate and the solvent consumption.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690400404
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