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  • 1
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    Ross Ice Shelf Icequakes Associated With Ocean Gravity Wave Activity (2019)
    Wiley
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    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: Abstract Gravity waves impacting ice shelves illicit a suite of responses that can affect ice shelf integrity. Broadband seismometers deployed on the Ross Ice Shelf, complemented by a near‐icefront seafloor hydrophone, establish the association of strong icequake activity with ocean gravity wave amplitudes (AG) below 0.04 Hz. The Ross Ice Shelf‐front seismic vertical displacement amplitudes (ASV) are well correlated with AG, allowing estimating the frequency‐dependent transfer function from gravity wave amplitude to icefront vertical displacement amplitude (TGSV(f)). TGSV(f) is 0.6–0.7 at 0.001–0.01 Hz but decreases rapidly at higher frequencies. Seismicity of strong icequakes exhibits spatial and seasonal associations with different gravity wave frequency bands, with the strongest icequakes observed at the icefront primarily during the austral summer when sea ice is minimal and swell impacts are strongest.
    Print ISSN: 0094-8276
    Electronic ISSN: 1944-8007
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 2
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    Dynamic Heat Transfer Characteristics Modeling of Microencapsulated Phase Change Material Slurries (2012)
    Wiley
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    Publication Date: 2012-04-15
    Description: Convective heat transfer characteristics of microencapsulated phase change material slurries (MPCSs) flowing in a circular tube under constant heat flux are studied and a feasible heat transfer model is presented. The heat transfer coefficient of MPCS and the wall temperature of the circular tube are simulated. The simulation results agree qualitatively with the experimental results. The effects of Stefan (Ste) number, mass concentration, phase change temperature range, and Reynolds (Re) number on heat transfer characteristics are discussed. The results indicate that the Ste-number and mass fraction are the most important parameters influencing heat transfer properties compared to the phase change temperature range and Re-number which less affect these characteristics. The heat transfer characteristics of microencapsulated phase change slurries are analyzed and the effects of Stefan number, mass concentration, and Reynolds number are discussed. The phase change process, Stefan number, and mass fraction influence these heat transfer characteristics significantly. The heat transfer coefficient increases with higher Reynolds numbers.
    Print ISSN: 0930-7516
    Electronic ISSN: 1521-4125
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
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  • 3
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    Correlation of the Drop Size in a Modified Scheibel Extraction Column (2012)
    Wiley
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    Publication Date: 2012-09-06
    Description: Experiments were designed to ascertain the main factors for the Sauter mean drop size ( d 32 ) of the dispersed phase in a three-stage modified Scheibel extraction column with no mass transfer. A precise correlation applied to the liquid-liquid systems with low interfacial surface tension was proposed for calculating d 32 . The maximum relative error for all data was 16.0 % and the mean relative error �4.6 %. The Sauter mean drop sizes of the dispersed phase in a three-stage modified Scheibel extraction column with no mass transfer were investigated. A precise correlation with operation conditions and system physical properties applied to liquid-liquid systems with low interfacial surface tension was proposed for calculating the dispersed-phase mean drop size.
    Print ISSN: 0930-7516
    Electronic ISSN: 1521-4125
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
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  • 4
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    Dynamic Heat Transfer Characteristics Modeling of Microencapsulated Phase Change Material Slurries (2012)
    Wiley
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    Publication Date: 2012-03-07
    Description: Convective heat transfer characteristics of microencapsulated phase change material slurries (MPCSs) flowing in a circular tube under constant heat flux are studied and a feasible heat transfer model is presented. The heat transfer coefficient of MPCS and the wall temperature of the circular tube are simulated. The simulation results agree qualitatively with the experimental results. The effects of Stefan (Ste) number, mass concentration, phase change temperature range, and Reynolds (Re) number on heat transfer characteristics are discussed. The results indicate that the Ste-number and mass fraction are the most important parameters influencing heat transfer properties compared to the phase change temperature range and Re-number which less affect these characteristics. The heat transfer characteristics of microencapsulated phase change slurries are analyzed and the effects of Stefan number, mass concentration, and Reynolds number are discussed. The phase change process, Stefan number, and mass fraction influence these heat transfer characteristics significantly. The heat transfer coefficient increases with higher Reynolds numbers.
    Print ISSN: 0930-7516
    Electronic ISSN: 1521-4125
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
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  • 5
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    Condensation Heat Transfer Characteristics of a Separate Heat Pipe in Cool Storage Air-Conditioning Systems (2011)
    Wiley
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    Publication Date: 2011-02-09
    Description: The condensation characteristics model of the condensation part of a separate heat pipe in a cool storage air-conditioning system is presented. In this model, the shear stress between gas and liquid two-phase flow is considered. R134a is taken as working medium of the heat pipe. The liquid film thickness, shear stress, and heat transfer coefficient of the heat pipe are calculated. The effect of the shear stress on the film thickness and the variations of the heat transfer coefficient with heat pipe diameter and heat flux are analyzed. Influences of the heat pipe incline angle and heat flux on the heat transfer coefficient are also considered. The results indicate that the liquid film based on this model is thinner and the condensation heat transfer coefficient is larger than that based on the Nusselt model. The condensation heat transfer characteristics of the condensation part of a separate heat pipe in cool storage air-conditioning systems are studied by analyzing variations of the shear stress, liquid film thickness, and condensation heat transfer coefficient with the heat pipe length at various diameters, incline angles, and heat fluxes. The shear stress between gas and liquid two-phase flow is considered.
    Print ISSN: 0930-7516
    Electronic ISSN: 1521-4125
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
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  • 6
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    Tidal and Thermal Stresses Drive Seismicity Along a Major Ross Ice Shelf Rift (2019)
    Wiley
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    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: Abstract Understanding deformation in ice shelves is necessary to evaluate the response of ice shelves to thinning. We study microseismicity associated with ice shelf deformation using nine broadband seismographs deployed near a rift on the Ross Ice Shelf. From December 2014 to November 2016, we detect 5,948 icequakes generated by rift deformation. Locations were determined for 2,515 events using a least squares grid‐search and double‐difference algorithms. Ocean swell, infragravity waves, and a significant tsunami arrival do not affect seismicity. Instead, seismicity correlates with tidal phase on diurnal time scales and inversely correlates with air temperature on multiday and seasonal time scales. Spatial variability in tidal elevation tilts the ice shelf, and seismicity is concentrated while the shelf slopes downward toward the ice front. During especially cold periods, thermal stress and embrittlement enhance fracture along the rift. We propose that thermal stress and tidally driven gravitational stress produce rift seismicity with peak activity in the winter.
    Print ISSN: 0094-8276
    Electronic ISSN: 1944-8007
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 7
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    Electron‐Driven Dissipation in a Tailward Flow Burst (2019)
    Wiley
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    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: Abstract Traditionally, the magnetotail flow burst outside the diffusion region is known to carry ions and electrons together (Vi = Ve), with the frozen‐in condition well satisfied (E + Ve × B = 0). Such picture, however, may not be true, based on our analyses of the high‐resolution MMS (Magnetospheric Multiscale mission) data. We find that inside the flow burst the electrons and ions can be decoupled (Ve ≠ Vi), with the electron speed 5 times larger than the ion speed. Such super‐Alfvenic electron jet, having scale of 10 di (ion inertial length) in XGSM direction, is associated with electron demagnetization (E + Ve × B ≠ 0), electron agyrotropy (crescent distribution), and O‐line magnetic topology but not associated with the flow reversal and X‐line topology; it can cause strong energy dissipation and electron heating. We quantitatively analyze the dissipation and find that it is primarily attributed to lower hybrid drift waves. These results emphasize the non‐MHD (magnetohydrodynamics) behaviors of magnetotail flow bursts and the role of lower hybrid drift waves in dissipating energies.
    Print ISSN: 0094-8276
    Electronic ISSN: 1944-8007
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 8
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    Net terrestrial CO2 exchange over China during 2001-2010 estimated with an ensemble data assimilation system for atmospheric CO2 (2014)
    Wiley
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    Publication Date: 2014-02-24
    Description: [1]  Natural carbon sources and sinks over China's terrestrial land ecosystems have an uncertain magnitude, but possibly an important role in the global carbon budget. In this paper we present an estimate of net ecosystem exchange of CO 2 (NEE) over China for the years 2001-2010 using the CarbonTracker Data Assimilation System for CO 2 (CTDAS). Additional Chinese and Asian CO 2 observations are used in CTDAS to improve our estimate. We found that the combined terrestrial ecosystems in China absorbed about –0.33 Pg Cy r -1 during 2001-2010, compensating approximately 20% of the total CO 2 emissions from fossil fuel burning and cement manufacturing from China (+1.70 Pg C yr -1 ). The uncertainty on Chinese terrestrial carbon exchange estimates as derived from a set of sensitivity experiments suggests a range of –0.29 to –0.64 Pg C yr -1 . This total Chinese terrestrial CO 2 sink is attributed to the three major biomes (forests, crop lands and grass/shrub lands) with estimated CO 2 fluxes of –0.12 Pg C yr -1 (range from –0.09 to –0.19 Pg C yr -1 ), –0.12 Pg C yr -1 (range from –0.09 to –0.26 Pg C yr -1 ) and –0.09 Pg C yr -1 (range from –0.09 to –0.17 Pg C yr -1 ), respectively. The peak-to-peak amplitude of inter-annual variability (IAV) of the Chinese terrestrial ecosystem carbon flux is 0.21 Pg C yr -1 (~64% of mean annual average), with the smallest CO 2 sink (–0.19 Pg C yr -1 ) in 2003 and the largest CO 2 sink (–0.40 Pg C yr -1 ) in 2007 corresponding with favorable temperature in spring/winter. We stress that our estimate of terrestrial ecosystem CO 2 uptake based on inverse modeling strongly depends on a limited number of atmospheric CO 2 observations used. More observations in China specifically, and in Asia in general are needed to improve the accuracy of terrestrial carbon budgeting for this region.
    Print ISSN: 0148-0227
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 9
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    Electrocatalytic Oxidation of C3 Alcohols on Au, Pt and Pt-Modified Au Electrodes (2012)
    Wiley
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    Publication Date: 2012-05-31
    Description: The reactivity of 1-propanol, 1,3-propanediol, 1,2-propanediol and glycerol in electrocatalytic oxidation on Au, Pt and Pt-modified Au electrodes in alkaline solution has been investigated. Pt-modified Au electrodes have been prepared by depositing platinum on Au polycrystalline electrodes by the linear sweep voltammetric method. The oxidation of C 3 alcohols on an individual electrode shows only a little difference in peak potential but a significant difference in peak current, and peak current is determined by the number and position of hydroxyl groups in the molecular chain. The oxidation of an individual C 3 alcohol on Au and Pt electrodes shows the advantages of the Au electrode in peak current and of the Pt electrode in oxidation potential. Pt modification significantly improves the catalytic activity of Au electrodes. The catalytic activity shown by Pt-modified Au electrodes reflects the advantages of both Pt and Au electrodes. The electrocatalytic oxidation of C 3 alcohols on Au, Pt and Pt-modified Au electrodes in alkaline solution shows that the reactivity of these alcohols depends on the number and position of hydroxyl groups in the molecular chain. The catalytic activity exhibited by Pt-modified Au electrodes reflects the advantages of Au and Pt electrodes in oxidation potential and/or peak current.
    Print ISSN: 0930-7516
    Electronic ISSN: 1521-4125
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
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  • 10
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    Synthesis of Phenylethenyl Methyl Carbonate by Methoxycarbonylation of Phenylacetaldehyde with Dimethyl Carbonate (2013)
    Wiley
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    Publication Date: 2013-06-05
    Description: A novel and convenient route for the synthesis of phenylethenyl methyl carbonate by the methoxycarbonylation of phenylacetaldehyde with dimethyl carbonate was developed in the presence of solid base catalysts. The results showed that solid bases with moderate strength such as MgO favored the formation of phenylethenyl methyl carbonate, and the yield of phenylethenyl methyl carbonate could be linearly correlated with the amount of moderate basic sites. The function of basic catalysts was mainly ascribed to the activation of phenylacetaldehyde via the abstraction of α-H by the base sites. Phenylethenyl methyl carbonate was synthesized by the methoxycarbonylation of phenylacetaldehyde with dimethyl carbonate in the presence of solid base catalysts. Solid bases with moderate strength favored the formation of phenylethenyl methyl carbonate and the yield could be linearly correlated with the amount of moderate basic sites.
    Print ISSN: 0930-7516
    Electronic ISSN: 1521-4125
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
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