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  • Springer  (66)
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  • 1
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    Sowing Legume Seeds, Reaping Cash (2021)
    Springer Nature | Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-14
    Description: This open access book shares impact stories – testimonies from various value chain actors who have been part of the Tropical Legumes (TL) projects, over the past twelve years. The Tropical Legumes projects led by ICRISAT in three parts (TLI, TLII and TLIII), constitute a major international initiative supported by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation (BMGF) and jointly implemented by the International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA) and National Agricultural Research Systems (NARS) partners from Sub-Saharan Africa and India. The project developed improved cultivars of common bean, cowpea, chickpea and groundnut (but also soya bean and pigeon pea cultivars in its initial phases) and delivers their seed to smallholders in BMGF-focus areas. It also strengthens the NARS and CGIAR's breeding programs and seed platforms to enhance their ability to deliver high and sustained outputs to smallholder farmers. The book compiles the experiences of a diversity of actors within the grain legume value chains, with a focus on groundnut and common beans in Tanzania and Uganda, groundnut and cowpea in Nigeria, and groundnut in Ghana. All stakeholders involved share their thoughts on being part of a decade-long development project family. National agricultural research institutes, knowledge brokering organizations, NGOs, public and private seed companies, agro-dealers, individual seed entrepreneurs, farm-implement makers, farmer cooperatives, farmer groups, individual men and women farmers, middlemen, processors, traders and consumers were all involved in this project, and as such this book provides valuable insights for development workers, technical staff, and project managers.
    Keywords: Agriculture ; Plant Breeding/Biotechnology ; Plant Anatomy/Development ; Plant Genetics and Genomics ; Plant Biotechnology ; Plant Development ; Plant Genetics ; Grain legume productivity ; improved varieties ; impact stories ; Sub-Saharan Africa ; multi-stakeholders ; Open access ; Agricultural science ; Botany & plant sciences ; Biotechnology ; Developmental biology ; Genetics (non-medical) ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TV Agriculture and farming::TVB Agricultural science ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PST Botany and plant sciences
    Language: English
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    E-BOOK
  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Isotopic dependence of fusion cross-sections – linear relationships (1998)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 3 (1998), S. 277-280 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-601X
    Keywords: PACS: 24.10.-i Nuclear-reaction models and methods – 25.70.-z Low and intermediate energy heavy-ion reactions – 25.70.Jj Fusion and fusion-fission reactions – 25.60.Pj Fusion reactions
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract: A systematic study of isotopic dependence of fusion cross-section is carried out by adding neutrons gradually to N=Z colliding nuclei. We find that fusion barrier position increases and height decreases, both linearly with the increase of N/Z ratio of the compound system. The increase in barrier position is larger compared to decrease in barrier height. In terms of these linear relationships, a parameterized form of fusion cross-sections is given for the neutron-rich colliding nuclei. The fusion cross-sections are also enhanced linearly with the N/Z ratio, and this enhancement is larger for lower incident centre-of-mass energies and independent of the choice of reaction partners. Experimental data and other theoretical studies are called for to verify these results.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s100500050178
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Analytical description of heavy ion potentials for collisions between nuclei of same shell (1998)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 2 (1998), S. 69-75 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-601X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract: Using Skyrme energy density formalism, we present an analytical formula of ion-ion potential (including spin-density part) in terms of the masses of colliding nuclei. The parametrization of the spin-independent part of the ion-ion potential is based on the proximity theorem whereas the spin-dependent potential is parametrized in terms of “the masses of colliding nuclei and their associated particle strength”. The particle strength accounts for the number of valence particles outside the closed core. Adding Coulomb interaction, this parametrization of ion-ion potential introduces a great simplification for the calculation of fusion barriers and cross-sections analytically. Our parametrized potentials are in good agreement with other theoretical potentials and the fusion cross-sections calculated with this potential are in good agreement with experimental data.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s100500050092
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Physico-chemical studies on samarium soaps in solid state (1989)
    Springer
    Monatshefte für Chemie 120 (1989), S. 1063-1068 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-4475
    Keywords: Soaps ; Infrared ; X-ray ; TGA ; Energy of activation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die physikochemischen Charakteristika von Samariumseifen (Caproat und Caprat) wurden im festen Zustand mittels IR, Röntgendiffraktion und TGA-Messungen untersucht. Die IR-Ergebnisse zeigten, daß die Fettsäuren durch Wasserstoffbrücken dimer vorliegen und daß die Samariumseifen partiell ionischen Charakter besitzen. Die Röntgenuntersuchungen bestätigen die Doppelschichtstruktur der Seifen. Die Zersetzungsreaktion verlief nach nullter Ordnung, und die Aktivierungsenergien für den Zersetzungsprozeß für Caproat und Caprat waren 8.0 und 7.8 kcal mol−1.
    Notes: Summary The physico-chemical characteristics of samarium soaps (caproate and caprate) in solid state were investigated by IR, X-ray diffraction and TGA measurements. The IR results revealed that the fatty acids exist in dimeric state through hydrogen bonding and samarium soaps possess partial ionic character. The X-ray diffraction measurements were used to calculate the long spacings and the results confirmed the double layer structure of samarium soaps. The decomposition reaction was found kinetically of zero order and the values of energy of activation for the decomposition process for caproate and caprate were found to be 8.0 and 7.8 kcal mol−1, respectively.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00809286
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Relativistic effects in heavy-ion collisions at SIS energies (1995)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 351 (1995), S. 59-69 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-601X
    Keywords: 25.75.+r
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The covariant and non-covariant Quantum Molecular Dynamics models are applied to investigate possible relativistic effects in heavy ion collisions at SIS energies. These relativistic effects which arise due to the full covariant treatment of the dynamics are studied at bombarding energiesE lab=50, 250, 500, 750, 1000, 1250, 1500, 1750 and 2000 MeV/nucl. A wide range of the impact parameter fromb=0 fm tob=10 fm is also considsered. In the present study, five systems12C-12C,16O-16O,20Ne-20Ne,28Si-28Si and40Ca-40Ca are investigated. The full covariant treatment at low energies shows quite good agreement with the corresponding non-covariant whereas at higher energies it shows less stopping and hence less thermal equilibrium as compared to the non-covariant approach. The collisions dynamics is less affected. The density using RQMD rises and drops faster than with QMD. The relativistic effects show some influence on the resonance matter production. Overall, the relativistic effects at SIS energies (≦2000 MeV/nucl.) are less significant.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01292786
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Polymorphic genotypes of the HRES-1 human endogenous retrovirus locus correlate with systemic lupus erythematosus and autoreactivity (1999)
    Springer
    Immunogenetics 49 (1999), S. 829-834 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1211
    Keywords: Key words HRES-1 ; Endogenous retroviral element ; Sle
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Antinuclear autoantibodies are a hallmark of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Autoantibodies to HRES-1/p28, a 28 000 M r nuclear protein, commonly occur in patients with SLE. HRES-1 is a single-copy endogenous retroviral element mapped to human Chromosome 1 at q42. A polymorphic Hin dIII site defines two different allelic forms of the genomic locus. The HRES-1/1 probe [5.5 kilobases (kb)] anneals to three polymorphic fragments and three genotypes can be differentiated: I, 5.5 kb fragment only; II, 3.7 kb and 1.8 kb fragments only; and III, all three polymorphic fragments. By cloning of the HRES-1 locus from homozygous type I and type II human DNA samples, the polymorphic Hin dIII site was identified as a G to C transition at position 653 of the long terminal repeat region. Family studies showed that Hin dIII genotypes of the HRES-1 locus are inherited in a Mendelian pattern. The relative frequency of genotype I with respect to genotype III was 3.1-fold lower in patients with SLE (14 : 40=0.35) in comparison to 100 ethnically matched control donors (47 : 43=1.09;P=0.0084). Frequency of genotype I vs genotype II alleles was lower in SLE (68/52) than in normal donors (137/63;P=0.033), suggesting that a genotype I allele of the HRES-1 locus may be protective against SLE. Western blot seroreactivity with recombinant HRES-1/p28 was noted in 4/14 (29%) of genotype I patients and 13/19 (68%) of genotype III patients (P〈0.025). These data raise the possibility that the HRES-1 element or a gene in linkage disequilibrium with this genomic locus may influence autoimmunity in SLE.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002510050561
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Corruption and government size: A disaggregated analysis (1998)
    Springer
    Public choice 97 (1998), S. 107-120 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7101
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Abstract Using annual state-level data over 1983–1987, this paper examines the effect of government size on corruption by public officials by including both demand and supply side incentives for engaging in corrupt practices. Our objectives are twofold. First, we assess the relationship between the incidence of corruption and overall measures of the size of the federal government and the state-local sector in each state. Second, we explore what kinds of government activities are more likely to be successful in deterring abuse of public office. Our results are generally supportive of Becker's “crime and punishment” model. Regarding the primary focus of the paper, our results show that government size, in particular spending by state governments, does indeed have a strong positive influence on corruption.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1004900603583
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On the economic incentives for taking bribes (1989)
    Springer
    Public choice 61 (1989), S. 269-275 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7101
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Abstract This paper presents an empirical analysis of the factors affecting bribe taking by public officials. Factors influencing the acceptance of bribes include: the probability of being convicted, severity of punishment, government salary relative to private sector income, the demonstration effect, and the unemployment rate. Our results indicate that higher probability of being convicted discourages the acceptance of bribes as does more severe punishment. Low relative earnings, high unemployment, and the demonstration effect of aggregate advertising all lead to increased bribe taking.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00123889
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Modelling the many-body dynamics of heavy ion collisions: Present status and future perspective (1998)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 1 (1998), S. 151-169 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-601X
    Keywords: PACS:25.75-q Relativistic heavy-ion collisions
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract: Basic problems of the semiclassical microscopic modelling of strongly interacting systems are discussed within the framework of Quantum Molecular Dynamics (QMD). This model allows to study the influence of several types of nucleonic interactions on a large variety of observables and phenomena occurring in heavy ion collisions at relativistic energies. It is shown that the same predictions can be obtained with several – numerically completely different and independently written – programs as far as the same model parameters are employed and the same basic approximations are made. Many observables are robust against variations of the details of the model assumptions used. Some of the physical results, however, depend also on rather technical parameters like the preparation of the initial configuration in phase space. This crucial problem is connected with the description of the ground state of single nuclei, which differs among the various approaches. An outlook to an improved molecular dynamics scheme for heavy ion collisions is given.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s100500050045
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Preparation of nanocrystalline ferromagnetic LaMnO3+δ and the study of the effect of changing oxygen stoichiometry on its magnetic properties (1997)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 16 (1997), S. 521-523 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4811
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Abstracts are not published in this journal
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1018593100362
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