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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fluorescence immunoassay of α-1-fetoprotein with hemin as a mimetic enzyme labelling reagent (1998)
    Springer
    Fresenius' journal of analytical chemistry 362 (1998), S. 537-540 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1130
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract A novel mimetic enzyme immunoassay to determine α-1-fetoprotein (AFP) in solution was developed. Hemin, a horseradish peroxidase substitute, was used as a labelling reagent to catalyze the reaction of p-hydroxyphenylacetic (HPA) and hydrogen peroxide in alkaline media. In the competitive immunoassay, monoclonal anti-AFP antibody was coated on a 96-well plate (polystyrene) and a constant amount of hemin-labelled AFP and a known volume of test solution were added. Non-labelled and hemin-labelled AFP compete for binding to the plate-bound antibody. After the immunoreaction, the immunochemically adsorbed hemin-AFP conjugate moiety was determined by measuring the fluorescence produced in a solution containing HPA and hydrogen peroxide. The calibration graph for AFP was linear over the range 0 ∼ 380 ng/ well with a detection limit of 1.0 ng/well. The method has been applied to determine the AFP in human blood serum with satisfactory results.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002160051120
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dynamics and Causation of Environmental Equity, Locally Unwanted Land Uses, and Neighborhood Changes (1997)
    Springer
    Environmental management 21 (1997), S. 643-656 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1009
    Keywords: KEY WORDS: Environmental equity and justice; Locally unwanted lane uses; Siting; Market dynamics; Invasion–succession; Neighborhood changes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002679900057
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dynamics of the noisy neural network (1997)
    Springer
    Biological cybernetics 77 (1997), S. 217-224 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0770
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Computer Science , Physics
    Notes: Abstract. The dynamic features of interspike interval sequences and structures of spatiotemporal patterns of firing in a coupled noisy neural network are investigated. The system displays complex dynamics under periodic external stimuli. The dynamics is modulated by a periodic impulse-like synaptic current which relates to a global coupling interaction between neurons. The firings of the stimulated neurons are phase-locked to this current. In addition, the interspike interval histograms are studied for the case of frozen noise which does not change its value within a time interval once it has been distributed onto the network. It is found that the peaks in these histograms are located at integer multiples of the period of the external stimulus, and the heights of these peaks decay exponentially, which corresponds to the experimental results.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004220050382
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Toughening and transformation of 14 mol % Ce-TZP and Al2O3/Ce-TZP layered micro-composites (1999)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 18 (1999), S. 1965-1967 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4811
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006622324065
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Binding of SH2 containing proteins to the insulin receptor: A new way for modulating insulin signalling (1998)
    Springer
    Molecular and cellular biochemistry 182 (1998), S. 73-78 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4919
    Keywords: SH2 domains ; insulin receptor ; tyrosine phosphorylation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Prior studies have established a role in insulin action for the tyrosine phosphorylation of substrates and their subsequent complexing with SH2 containing proteins. More recently, SH2 proteins have been identified which can tightly bind to the tyrosine phosphorylated insulin receptor. The major protein identified so far (called Grb-IR or Grb10) of this type appears to be present in at least 3 isoforms, varying in the presence of a pleckstrin homology domain and in the sequence of its amino terminus. The binding of this protein to the insulin receptor appears to inhibit signalling by the receptor. The present review will discuss the current knowledge of the structure and function of this protein.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006899832614
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    4He very nearT λ heated from above (1996)
    Springer
    Journal of low temperature physics 105 (1996), S. 255-266 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7357
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract We discuss the feasibility and likely results of measurements of the thermal conductivity λ(Q,t) of4He very nearT λ ≡T λ(Q = 0) as a function of the heat currentQ and the reduced temperature t ≡[T —Tλ]/T λ by heating a sample from above and cooling it from below. Although the expansion coefficient is negative, the experiment should be possible without inducing convection in the HeI layer provided the sample length does not significantly exceed one cm. Fort ≲ 10−7(Q ≳ 0.2 erg/s cm2), a state of self-organized criticality can be attained. For these conditions, the thermal gradient cancels the gradient inT λ induced by gravity, thus permitting measurements extremely close to the transition even in an Earthbound laboratory. However, the data will be only for a unique path in the Q—t plane. For 0.2 ≲Q ≲ 0.5 erg/s cm2 (10−7≳t≳ 10−8) they will be in the range of linear response and give λ(0,t); for Q between about 0.5 and 10 erg/s cm2 and over a temperature range of about 20 nK, the experimental path samples the regime where the conductivity is expected to be influenced by nonlinear finite-current effects. The small currents and narrow temperature range of the experiment imply that ultra-high resolution thermometry as well as very careful control of stray heat currents will be required. ForQ ≳ 10 erg/s cm2 and up to very largeQ, the method can be used to determine the onset temperatureT c (Q) of thermal resistance.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00754636
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Antibody Dependent, Complement Mediated Liver Uptake of Liposomes Containing GM1 (1995)
    Springer
    Pharmaceutical research 12 (1995), S. 1775-1780 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-904X
    Keywords: liposomes ; drug delivery ; GM1 ; opsonin ; liver perfusion
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Purpose. We have previously reported that GMl exhibits an opposite effect on regulating liposome circulation time in mice and rats (Liu et al. Pharm. Res. Vol. 12:508-512 (1995)). Inclusion of GM1 into liposomes significantly prolongs liposome circulation time in mice, while it dramatically decreases the blood half life and increases liver uptake of liposomes in rats. The purpose of this study was to elucidate the mechanism that underlies this phenomenon. Methods. Single-pass liver perfusion in vitro and complement mediated liposome lysis assay was used. Results. Serum appeared to play an important role in determining the liver uptake of GMl liposomes. Specifically, rat serum enhanced the uptake of GM1 containing liposomes by the perfused liver. Such activity was also found in human and bovine serum, but not in mouse serum. Taking human serum as an example, we demonstrated that such serum activity can be blocked by EDTA and EGTA/Mg2 +. Antibodies against human IgM and the third component of complement system (C3) also inhibited serum activity. Conclusions. The presence of naturally occurring anti-GM1 antibodies in rats, through the activation of the classic pathway of complement system, is likely the cause of rapid blood clearance of GM1 liposomes. The third component of complement is likely to serve as the opsonin that is directly involved in mediating liposome clearance.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1016286310475
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Research Opportunities on the Low Temperature Microgravity Physics Facility on the International Space Station (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of low temperature physics 119 (2000), S. 233-239 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7357
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The Low Temperature Microgravity Physics Facility (LTMPF) is a state-of-the-art facility for long duration science investigations whose objectives can only be achieved in microgravity and at low temperature. LTMPF consists of two reusable, cryogenic facilities with self-contained electronics, software and communication capabilities. The Facility will be first launched by Japanese HIIA Rocket in 2004 with at least five months cryogen lifetime on the Japanese Experiment Module Exposed Facility (JEM EF) of the International Space Station (ISS). Future missions will be launched and retrieved by the Space Shuttle. A number of high precision sensors of temperature, pressure and capacitance will be available, which can be further tailored to accommodate a wide variety of low temperature experiments. This paper will describe the LTMPF and its goals and design requirements. Currently there are six candidate experiments in the flight definition phase to fly on LTMPF. Future candidate experiments will be selected through the NASA Research Announcement(NRA) process. Opportunities for utilization and collaboration with international partners will also be discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1004636929203
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Monosialoganglioside GMl Shortens the Blood Circulation Time of Liposomes in Rats (1995)
    Springer
    Pharmaceutical research 12 (1995), S. 508-512 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-904X
    Keywords: drug delivery ; ganglioside GM1 ; liposomes ; opsonin ; reticuloendothelial system ; complement system
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Inclusion of monosialoganglioside GM1 into liposomes significantly enhances the circulation time of liposomes in mice. Conversely, intravenously injected GM1-containing liposomes were rapidly removed from the blood circulation and accumulated in the liver and spleen in rats. In rats, increasing the GM1 content in liposomes resulted in more rapid clearance from the blood. Increasing the membrane rigidity of liposomes further increased the liver uptake of GM1-containing liposomes. The activity of GM1 in enhancing the liposome uptake by rat liver appears to be mediated by complement components.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1016289526578
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New Cationic Lipid Formulations for Gene Transfer (1996)
    Springer
    Pharmaceutical research 13 (1996), S. 1856-1860 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-904X
    Keywords: gene transfer ; gene therapy ; cationic lipid ; transfection
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Purpose. To develop appropriate dosage forms of DNA for gene delivery. Methods. 3β[N-(N′, N′ dimethylaminoethane) carbamoyl] cholesterol (DC-Chol) was mixed either with Tween 80 alone, or with additional lipid components including castor oil and phosphatidylcholine (PC) or dioleoylphosphatidylethanolamine (DOPE) to make different lipid formulations. The particle size and the physical stability of the formulations upon mixing with plasmid DNA containing the luciferase cDNA were examined using laser light scattering measurement. The transfection activity of the DNA/lipid complexes was tested in presence or absence of serum using a cell culture system. Results. We demonstrated that many favorable properties as a gene carrier could be achieved by formulating DNA into new dosage forms using Tween 80 as the major emulsifier. Compared to the cationic liposomes, these new formulations transfected different cell lines with an equivalent or higher efficiency. Not only are they resistant to serum, but also form stable DNA complexes which could be stored for longer periods of time without losing transfection activity. Conclusions. Cationic lipids formulated into different lipid formulations using Tween 80 as a surfactant appeared to have more favorable physical and biological activities than traditional cationic liposomes as a carrier for gene delivery.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1016041326636
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