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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thermodynamics of mixed micellar systems of sodium octanoate and ethoxylated alcohols in water at 25°C (1994)
    Springer
    Journal of solution chemistry 23 (1994), S. 925-954 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8927
    Keywords: Sodium octanoate ; n-butanol ; 2-butoxyethanol ; diethylene glycol monobutylether ; triethylene glycol monobutylether ; apparent molar volume ; apparent molar adiabatic compressibility ; transfer properties ; distribution coefficient ; hydrophobicity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Thermodynamic volume and compressibility properties of binary aqueous systems of sodium octanoate (C8Na) and polyoxyethylene butyl ether compounds (ethoxylated alcohols), with one to three oxyethylene groups (C4EOX), and ternary systems of these compounds, have been determined as a function of surfactant and alcohol concentrations at 25°C from density and ultrasonic velocity measurements. Values of standard state apparent molar volume and apparent molar adiabatic compressibility properties of transfer of ethoxylated alcohols from water to aqueous C8Na solutions were obtained. The observed trends in the properties of the aqueous binary C8Na systems and of the transfer functions for C4EOx, at a given low concentration of 0.05m, were analyzed using theoretical models. Good agreement between the simulated results and the experimental data was achieved. The results obtained for the distribution coefficients of the alcohols and the thermodynamic properties of both components of the mixed micelle show that the hydrophobicity of the ethoxylated alcohols is enhanced by introducing more oxyethylene groups into the alcohol. The distribution behavior of these compounds between the C8Na micelles and the aqueous phase also depends on the difference between the hydrophobicity of the surfactant and the alcohols.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00972755
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Crystal structures of 3,5,5′-trichloro-2,2′-bithiophene and 3,3′,5,5′-tetrachloro-2,2′-bithiophene (1993)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical crystallography 23 (1993), S. 799-803 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The crystal structures of 3,5,5′-trichloro-2,2′-bithiophene (I) and 3,3′,5,5′-tetrachloro-2,2′-bithiophene (II) have been determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction techniques. BothI andII crystallize in the monoclinic crystal system. ForI,a=3.895(2),b=11.928(2),c=10.701(2)Å,β=97.70(1)°, space groupP21,Z=2 and forII,a=8.942(2),b=3.900(2),c=15.180(2)Å,β=92.30(1)°, space groupP21/n,Z=2. The structures have been solved by direct methods and all nonhydrogen atoms refined with anisotropic thermal parameters. ForI the final residual is 0.035 (all 1185 independent reflections, MoKα radiation) and forII, 0.034 (all 1209 independent reflections, MoKα radiation). BothI andII have theanti conformation butI has a torsion angle of 3.4(5)° between the two thiophene rings whileII is completely planar.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01247244
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxygen reduction on poly(4-vinylpyridine)-modified ordinary pyrolytic graphite electrodes with adsorbed cobalt tetra-sulphonated phthalocyanine in acid solutions (1991)
    Springer
    Journal of applied electrochemistry 21 (1991), S. 973-981 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8838
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract Poly(4-vinylpyridine) (PVP) has been used to modify ordinary pyrolytic graphite (OPG) electrodes with adsorbed cobalt tetra-sulphonated phthalocyanine (CoTsPc) in acid solutions. These modified electrodes were prepared in different manners and characterized by cyclic voltammetry. Their electrocatalytic activity for oxygen reduction and stability in 0.05M H2SO4 solutions was examined at room temperature. The OPG/CoTsPc/PVP modified electrodes were found to be more active for oxygen reduction in 0.05M H2SO4 solutions as compared to the electrode with adsorbed CoTsPc on OPG without PVP. The increase in activity is due to the formation of an adduct between PVP and CoTsPc. U.v.-visible and FTIR studies provide evidence for such adduct formation. Over a 10 h period the activity of the OPG/CoTsPc/PVP system was essentially constant while that of OPG/CoTsPc without polymer decreased by a substantial amount (about 37%). The PVP layer inhibits the diffusion of the CoTsPc and/or Co out of the complex into the solution phase. The stability of the OPG/CoTsPc/PVP system may also be due to low solubility of the adduct between PVP and CoTsPc in a 0.05M H2SO4 solution. Thicker films of PVP decreased the diffusion limiting oxygen reduction current. The effect of pH of the electrolyte solution on the activity of such PVP-modified electrodes for oxygen reduction has also been investigated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01077582
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Decay of90m,g Rb (1977)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 282 (1977), S. 285-292 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-601X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The decay of mass separated90Rb has been studied usingβ,γ and conversion electron spectrometers in single and coincidence modes. The half-lives of the ground state and the isomeric level have been confirmed to be 162± 3 and 258±4 s, respectively. Theγ-rays from the decays of ground state and metastable state have been identified by measuring the decay of individual photopeaks using Ge(Li) detectors. The multipolarity of the 106.6 keV isomeric transition has been determined to beM3. Separate decay schemes of the ground and metastable states are presented. The levels of90Sr are discussed in terms of the available experimental and theoretical information. Radioactivity.90m,gRb [from238U(p, f)]; measuredT 1/2,E γ,I γ,γ—γ coin,I ce,cc,E β deduced logft,90Sr levels, mass separated90Rb.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01414896
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Study by X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy of a Dy@C $_{\mathsf{82}}$ single crystal (2003)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 35 (2003), S. 371-375 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-6036
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract. We report the first X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy study of a single crystal of the rare-earth endohedral fullerene Dy@C82. The lattice is found to be body-centered cubic (a = 25.79 Å, space group $I\bar {4}3d)$ which is at variance with previous reports and confirms that several types of structures can be stabilized in Dy@C82. X-ray diffraction/diffuse scattering methods reveal no low-temperature change down to 12 K for the present structure. The Raman spectroscopy data are comparable to those of other M@C82 endohedral compounds. However, the Dy oxidation state and the force constant of the low-frequency metal-cage stretching mode do not follow the simple relationship observed before.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1140/epjb/e2003-00289-9
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of external circuit and wall conditions on magnetohydrodynamic free convection between two heated walls (1964)
    Springer
    Zeitschrift für angewandte Mathematik und Physik 15 (1964), S. 419-425 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9039
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Physics
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die Einwirkungen der äusseren elektrischen Schaltungsbedingungen und der elektrischen Leitfähigkeiten der Wände auf die magneto-hydrodynamische freie Konvektion einer Flüssigkeit zwischen zwei erhitzten Wänden werden studiert. Eine Annäherungsmethode wird angewendet zur Lösung des das Problem beherrschenden Systems von nichtlinearen Integro-Differentialgleichungen. Es zeigt sich, dass die Strömung vom Hartmannschen Typ ist und auch entsprechende charakteristische Eigenschaften zur Elektrizitätserzeugung hat. Der erzeugte Strom ist proportional zur Temperaturdifferenz zwischen der Flüssigkeit und den Wänden.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01601293
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An Evaluation on H/V Ratio vs. Spectral Ratio for Site-response Estimation Using the 1994 Northridge Earthquake Sequences (1999)
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 156 (1999), S. 631-649 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Keywords: Key Words: H/V ratio, spectral ratio, site response, microtremor, resonant frequency, amplification.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract —The applicability of the single-station H/V method, based on the spectral ratio between the horizontal and the vertical components of strong ground motions, is examined for site-response estimation using the high quality data from the 1994 Northridge earthquake sequence. Instead of using Rayleigh-wave data from microtremors, the large amplitude-wave part of the S-wave data is used and based on the 1994 Northridge mainshock and aftershock recordings. We have found that upon averaging over a number of recordings for a given station, the station site responses, derived both from the single-station H/V ratio and from the standard spectral ratio (with respect to a reference rock-site station) are sufficiently close for practical purposes. We therefore conclude that the H/V ratio can reasonably predict the resonant frequency and the amplification level of a site response, especially for sites in the neighborhood of the epicenters. In the absence of a reference rock-site station, the H/V ratio provides a practical alternative to the standard site-response estimation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s000240050316
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A computer simulation of evolutionary forces controlling the size of a multigene family (1980)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular evolution 15 (1980), S. 181-196 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1432
    Keywords: Multigene Family, size ; Selective forces ; Homologous but unequal crossing over ; Monte Carlo simulation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary A Monte Carlo-type simulation of the evolution of a multigene family was performed. The model was designed to study the selective forces which may control the size of a multigene family. As expected, we find that direct selection on the size of the multigene family can control its size. More important, we find that selection acting upon the family as a single functional unit, in conjunction with homologous but unequal crossing over, can also control the size of a multigene family.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01732947
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Objective measures of the information density of satellite data (1996)
    Springer
    Meteorology and atmospheric physics 60 (1996), S. 105-117 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-5065
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geography , Physics
    Notes: Summary We propose and objective method whereby the density of Shannon's “information” associated with the retrieval of a profile of atmospheric variables from satellite-derived infrared radiance measurements may be estimated. The technique is a natural extension of one we previously proposed to estimate the effective data density in a profile. We test the method in a comparison of simulated satellite instruments to show that the method does indeed provide an objective summary of the spatial distribution of each instrument's information content. We propose that further extensions of the method be developed to include other more traditional data sources in a fully three-dimensional scheme. We also note that analogous and compatible methods may be used to diagnose the information content of meteorological analysis and forecast fields relative to the information contained in the covariance, at the appropriate season, of the corresponding climate fields.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01029788
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Exact solution of a vertex model ind dimensions (1993)
    Springer
    Letters in mathematical physics 29 (1993), S. 205-213 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0530
    Keywords: 82B23 ; 82B27
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract We consider a class of vertex models describing directed lines on a lattice in arbitraryd dimensions, and solve the model exactly for the Cartesian lattice and in the case that each loop of lines carries a fugacity - 1. Our analysis, which can be carried out for arbitrary lattices, is based on an equivalence of the vertex model with a dimer problem. The dimer problem is, in turn, solved using the method of Pfaffians. It is found that the system is frozen below a critical temperatureT cwith the critical exponentα = (3 −d)/2.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00761108
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