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  • Springer  (92)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The parathiocyanogen electrode (1999)
    Springer
    Journal of solid state electrochemistry 3 (1999), S. 163-171 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-0768
    Keywords: Key words Parathiocyanogen ; Conductivity ; Photoelectrochemistry ; Raman spectroscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Stable, yellow anodic films of parathiocyanogen (SCN) x were formed on a platinum electrode from 2.8 M KSCN in methanol at 45 °C at a constant current of 20–40 mA cm−2 for 15–30 min. Loosely bound orange crystals of a more amorphous character were removed by rinsing to leave an adherent yellow film with sharp Raman bands under 647.1 nm laser excitation at 627 cm−1 (vCS), 1152 cm−1 and 1236–1261 cm−1 (vNN and vCN). The lack of electroactivity and short-lived photocurrents pointed to an insulating film at potentials up to 1.0 V (SHE). At more positive potentials, longer-lasting photocurrents were obtained, consistent with breakdown of the insulating film. XPS scans confirmed N:C:S ratios close to 1:1:1, with a deficiency of S of some 10% due to S lost as sulfate at the film surface. Oxidation of SeCN− in neutral aqueous solution led to the formation of a less-stable orange paraselenocyanogen film with a Raman band at 1256–1267 cm−1, which decomposed within a day to grey selenium.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s100080050143
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  • 2
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    The parathiocyanogen electrode (1999)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-04-07
    Print ISSN: 1432-8488
    Electronic ISSN: 1433-0768
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Published by Springer
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    PAPER CURRENT
  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A sufficient condition for a finite group to be solvable (1970)
    Springer
    Mathematische Zeitschrift 116 (1970), S. 65-68 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1823
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01110186
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Trace element abundances in andesites (1969)
    Springer
    Contributions to mineralogy and petrology 23 (1969), S. 1-26 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0967
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract Abundance data for Cs, Rb, Tl, Ba, Pb, Sr, the rare earths, Th, U, Zr, Hf, Sn, Nb, Mo, Mn, Cu, Co, Ni, Sc, V, Cr, Ag, Sb and the major elements are reported for two andesites and a dacite from Saipan, nine andesites and a dacite from Bougainville and two andesites from Fiji. The Saipan rocks are low-K varieties and contain notably low abundances of Rb, Ba, Th and U and have rare earth patterns subparallel to chondritic patterns. The Bougainville andesites include low-Si and high-K varieties which have higher concentrations of the large cations. The Fijian samples are close to the average circum-Pacific andesite and have rareearth patterns sub-parallel to those of sedimentary rocks. All the andesites contain characteristically low (〈 20 ppm) values for Ni and have Ni/Co ratios 〈 1, and V/Ni ratios 〉 10. These data preclude derivation of calc-alkaline rocks by mixing of upper crustal material or by fractional crystallisation from basaltic parents. A two stage model is proposed involving sea-floor spreading and transportation of the oceanic crust down the dipping seismic plane into the mantle where it is remelted to form andesites.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00371329
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hydrodynamic properties of mucins secreted by primary cultures of Guinea-pig tracheal epithelial cells: determination of diffusion coefficients by analytical ultracentrifugation and kinetic analysis of mucus gel hydration and dissolution (1998)
    Springer
    European biophysics journal 28 (1998), S. 38-47 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1017
    Keywords: Key words Mucin ; Mucus gel kinetics ; Cell culture ; Analytical ultracentrifugation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract We have used two different approaches to determine hydrodynamic parameters for mucins secreted by guinea-pig tracheal epithelial cells in primary culture. Cells were cultured under conditions that promote mucous cell differentiation. Secreted mucins were isolated as the excluded fraction from a Sepharose CL-4B gel filtration column run under strongly dissociating conditions. Biochemical analysis confirmed the identity of the high molecular weight material as mucins. Analytical ultracentrifugation was used to study the physical properties of the purified mucins. The weight average molecular mass (M w ) for three different preparations ranged from 3.3×106 to 4.7×106 g/mol (corresponding to an average structure of 1 – 2 subunits), and the sedimentation coefficient from 25.5 to 35 S. Diffusion coefficients ranging from 4.5×10–8 to 6.4×10–8 cm2/s were calculated using the Svedberg equation. A polydispersity index (M z /M w ) of ∼1.4 was obtained. Diffusivity values were also determined by image analysis of mucin granule exocytosis captured by videomicroscopy. The time course of hydration and dissolution of mucin was measured and a relationship is presented which models both phases, each with first order kinetics, in terms of a maximum radius and rate constants for hydration and dissolution. A median diffusivity value of 8.05×10–8 cm2/s (inter-quartile range = 1.11×10–7 to 6.08×10–8 cm2/sec) was determined for the hydration phase. For the dissolution phase, a median diffusivity value of 6.98×10–9 cm2/s (inter-quartile range = 1.47×10–8 to 3.25×10–9 cm2/sec) was determined. These values were compared with the macromolecular diffusion coefficients (D 20,w ) obtained by analytical ultracentrifugation. When differences in temperature and viscosity were taken into account, the resulting D 37,g was within the range of diffusivity values for dissolution. Our findings show that the physicochemical properties of mucins secreted by cultured guinea-pig tracheal epithelial cells are similar to those of mucins of the single or double subunit type purified from respiratory mucus or sputum. These data also suggest that measurement of the diffusivity of dissolution may be a useful means to estimate the diffusion coefficient of mucins in mucus gel at the time of exocytosis from a secretory cell.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002490050181
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Molecular Dynamics of the Ha-ras Protein: Nucleotide Atom-Centred Charges within the AMBER Force Field (1995)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular modeling 1 (1995), S. 123-142 
    Details
    ISSN: 0948-5023
    Keywords: Keywords: Atom-centred charges, Molecular electrostatic potential, Ha-ras protein, guanosine nucleotides, molecular dynamics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Molecular dynamics simulations have become an essential tool for the study of biological systems. The Ha-ras protein, is a system suitable for such studies. Despite much recent progress, it is still not known exactly how the protein functions in the cell growth cycle. In this work atom-centred point charges for the guanosine nucleotide ligands are calculated and tested. To be compatible with the other AMBER force field parameters these are fitted to a molecular electrostatic potential derived from an ab initio wavefunction. The smallest basis set able to produce a stable wavefunction for the negatively charged GDP and GTP molecule ions was 3-21G* with diffuse functions added on the phosphate groups. To maintain force field integrity these charges were scaled to be equivalent to STO-3G derived values. This procedure is seen to produce a good magnesium-phosphate interaction potential when compared to 6-31++G* ab initio calculations. With the nucleotides fixed in the binding site conformation, it was found essential to include the electrostatics of the binding site in the calculation of the charges. It was also found to be inappropriate to divide the nucleotide into constituent parts for the calculations. From the calculated charges and experimental data, the nucleotide protonation states in the protein are deduced. It is unlikely that GDP is protonated, GTP probably binds one proton. The charges were tested in MD simulations of a protein modelled on the crystal structure of Tong et al., during which the dynamics of the nucleotide and binding site residues were in good agreement with the crystal structure data. The model is seen to be sensitive, not only to the inclusion of explicit solvent, but to the number of waters ligating the magnesium ion and the conformation of the loop between residues 60 and 66; both pieces of information are lacking in the crystal structure data.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s008940050010
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Solvation Effects on the Conformational Behaviour of Gellan and Calcium Ion Binding to Gellan Double Helices (1996)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular modeling 2 (1996), S. 175-182 
    Details
    ISSN: 0948-5023
    Keywords: Abbreviations ; Polysaccharides ; Gellan ; Glycosidic linkage
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The contribution of the presence of solvent to the conformations adopted by disaccharide fragments within the repeat unit of gellan have been studied by molecular modelling techniques. Initial conformational energy searches, using a dielectric continuum to represent the solvent, provided starting geometries for a series of molecular dynamics simulations. The solution behaviour from these simulations was subsequently compared to fibre diffraction data of the potassium gellan salt. The present calculations indicate considerable flexibility of the glycosidic linkages, and this is discussed in relation to its effect on gel formation. One of the fragments was solvated with explicit water molecules. These calculations showed the same conformational behaviour as those simulations conducted in implicit solvent. Finally, a series of molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were performed to study the calcium binding to gellan. The results from this clearly showed a well defined binding site for this ion.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s0089460020175
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Molecular Modelling of Six-Ring Agarose Chains: Effects of Explicit and Implicit Solvent (1997)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular modeling 3 (1997), S. 301-310 
    Details
    ISSN: 0948-5023
    Keywords: Keywords: Oligosaccharides Dihedral angles ; Molecular Dynamics ; Agarose ; Abbreviations: MM: molecular mechanics; MD: molecular dynamics; AG: linkage between anhydrogalactose and galactose sugar rings; GA: linkage between galactose and anhydrogalactose rings.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract A study on the molecular dynamics of agarose-type oligosaccharide chains in water is presented. In the field of molecular modelling one is able to use either explicit water molecules or a representative bulk dielectric constant: the two methods are compared here. The starting conformation was taken from X-ray fibre diffraction data for agarose double helices, which are neutral molecules. The resulting trajectories were analysed for the behaviour of dihedral linkages, and these were compared to systematic searches performed on isolated agarobiose and neo-agarobiose units. The results showed that when explicit water molecules are used the oligosaccharide chains are “stiffer” and have a reduced mobility.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s008940050041
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Diurnal and seasonal occurrence of polar patches (1996)
    Springer
    Annales geophysicae 14 (1996), S. 533-537 
    Details
    ISSN: 0992-7689
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Analysis of the diurnal and seasonal variation of polar patches, as identified in two years of HF-radar data from Halley, Antarctica during a period near sunspot maximum, shows that there is a broad maximum in occurrence centred about magnetic noon, not local noon. There are minima in occurrence near midsummer and midwinter, with maxima in occurrence between equinox and winter. There are no significant correlations between the occurrence of polar patches and the corresponding hourly averages of the solar wind and IMF parameters, except that patches usually occur when the interplanetary magnetic field has a southward component. The results can be understood in terms of UT and seasonal differences in the plasma concentration being convected from the dayside ionosphere into the polar cap. In summer and winter the electron concentrations in the polar cap are high and low, respectively, but relatively unstructured. About equinox, a tongue of enhanced ionisation is convected into the polar cap; this tongue is then structured by the effects of the interplanetary magnetic field, but these Halley data cannot be used to separate the various competing mechanisms for patch formation. The observed diurnal and seasonal variation in the occurrence of polar patches are largely consistent with predictions of Sojka et al. (1994) when their results are translated into the southern hemisphere. However, the ionospheric effects of flux transfer events are still considered essential in their formation, a feature not yet included in the Sojka et al. model.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00585-996-0533-5
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Parameters affecting attachment ofBacillus thuringiensis var.israelensis toxin to latex beads (1986)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 24 (1986), S. 128-133 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Summary Bacillus thuringiensis var.israelensis protein toxin radiolabeled with14C-iodoacetamide was bound to latex beads. The efficiency of attachment was not affected by the temperature or length of incubation or by the presence of several different buffers, salts, or organic solvents. However, attachment decreased dramatically at pH values 〉8.5 or in the presence of detergents (anionic, neutral, or cationic). Protein concentrations ≥2–3 mg/m2 of bead surface led to a progressively decreasing efficiency of protein adsorption. With minor variations, these findings should also be applicable to the attachment of numerous other proteins of diagnostic significance.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00938783
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