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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Artificial intelligence review 2 (1988), S. 1-2 
    ISSN: 1573-7462
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Artificial intelligence review 1 (1986), S. 3-9 
    ISSN: 1573-7462
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Abstract Artificial Intelligence (AI) is a science which does not quite fit in with other categories of sciences. Although it can be compared with mathematics, physical sciences, and cognitive or behavioural psychology, each of these comparisons leads to different difficulties. There is therefore a case for considering AI as a protoscience in search of a general framework of description which will allow subsequent abstractions or general theories. This paper argues that two of the abstractions, which should be present in any future description, are heuristics and models.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-203X
    Keywords: Key words Green-fluorescent protein ; Transformation ; Particle bombardment ; Agrobacterium ; Sugarcane
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Early detection of plant transformation events is necessary for the rapid establishment and optimization of plant transformation protocols. We have assessed modified versions of the green fluorescent protein (GFP) from Aequorea victoria as early reporters of plant transformation using a dissecting fluorescence microscope with appropriate filters. Gfp-expressing cells from four different plant species (sugarcane, maize, lettuce, and tobacco) were readily distinguished, following either Agrobacterium-mediated or particle bombardment-mediated transformation. The identification of gfp-expressing sugarcane cells allowed for the elimination of a high proportion of non-expressing explants and also enabled visual selection of dividing transgenic cells, an early step in the generation of transgenic organisms. The recovery of transgenic cell clusters was streamlined by the ability to visualize gfp-expressing tissues in vitro.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Real-time systems 15 (1998), S. 221-247 
    ISSN: 1573-1383
    Keywords: time-bounded reasoning ; cache ; knowledge representation ; planning ; shortwave communication
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Abstract Knowledge-based computing, in general, suffers from an inherent open-endedness that precludes its application in time-bounded domains where an answer must be computed within a stipulated time limit. We examine a two-way improvement of the shortcomings: a knowledge representation scheme that provides easy access to relevant knowledge and thereby reduces search time, and a reasoning scheme that is algorithmic in nature and thus makes computational requirements meaningfully estimable. In this work, we offer a cache-based architecture that is capable of both storing knowledge in different formats (e.g. rules, cases), and invoking an appropriate reasoning scheme to fit the available computing time. The cache helps in retrieving the most relevant pieces of knowledge (not only exact matches) required for solving a given problem. This cache relies on a reasoning tactic, knowledge interpolation, that can generate a solution from two near-matches in an algorithmic way, to generate time-bounded solutions. We illustrate the design of such a cache for solving resource allocation problems in the domain of shortwave radio transmission and evaluate its performance in observing imposed temporal bounds.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Celestial mechanics and dynamical astronomy 2 (1970), S. 467-473 
    ISSN: 1572-9478
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract A comparison is made between the perturbation theories of Hori and Deprit which are based on the use of Poisson brackets. General recurrence formulae are presented for Hori's theory which are analogous to those in Deprit's theory. Explicit relations between the determining functions for the two theories are indicated through the sixth order, these results having been obtained by a novel computer program. A general argument for the equivalence of the theories to all orders is given.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Celestial mechanics and dynamical astronomy 6 (1972), S. 187-197 
    ISSN: 1572-9478
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Computation of the general normalized inclination functionsA k lm(i) defined by R. H. Gooding is studies as an example of a representative problem in symbolic programming applied to celestial mechanics. The performance of three different computing systems (one for general use, one for special-purpose applications in celestial mechanics, and one whose data-structures are intended to adapt themselves to descriptions of special-purpose applications) on the problem is discussed, together with aspects of their operation which are likely to require the user's attention in most such computations. An Appendix contains the values of the functions throughl=6.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    BIT 16 (1976), S. 241-256 
    ISSN: 1572-9125
    Keywords: Symbolic computing ; complex analysis ; contour integration ; Cauchy's Theorem
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract The paper reports the results of work on the construction of LISP programs for various symbolic operations in complex analysis, including the evaluation of integrals around closed contours by the use of Cauchy's Theorem. It is concluded that the only difficulty in the way of the preparation of programs for all of the important and useful textbook calculations in complex analysis is that large amounts of fast storage in the computer are needed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1476-5535
    Keywords: Siderophore ; Chelation ; Trametes versicolor ; Biosolubilization ; Leonardite
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Summary A heat stable, low molecular weight (〈1000) extracellular product inTrametes versicolor (=Coriolus versicolor=Polyporous versicolor) cultures was demonstrated to be a principal factor in the solubilization of leonardite and other low-rank coals. The solubilization of leonardite byT. versicolor cell-free cultures and active fractions was inhibited by Fe3+ and was mimicked by the siderophore desferal mesylate and the iron chelating agents EDTA and 8-hydroxyquinoline. Leonardite solubilization by these later compounds was also inhibited by Fe3+. The ferrated and unferrated form of the partially purified active component fromT. versicolor cultures demonstrated absorption spectra that were similar to the ferrated and unferrated form of desferal mesylate.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Medical & biological engineering & computing 23 (1985), S. 90-92 
    ISSN: 1741-0444
    Keywords: Contingency stimulation ; Perceptual disorder ; Rehabilitation ; Stroke ; Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) ; Unilateral neglect
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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