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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Theoretical chemistry accounts 92 (1995), S. 13-47 
    ISSN: 1432-2234
    Keywords: Zero differential overlap ; Semiempirical MO methods ; Löwdin transformation ; Overlap density ; Mulliken approximation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary Some systematic errors of the zero differential overlap (ZDO) approximation in semiempirical molecular orbital (MO) methods are discussed. In π electron methods, a power series expansion of the inverse square rootS −1/2 of the overlap matrix and application of the Mulliken approximation to the two-electron integrals show that the ZDO Hamiltonian coincides with the Hamiltonian obtained by explicit performance of the Löwdin transformation up to first-order terms of diatomic overlap densities. Higher than first-order terms lead to a systematic up-shift of the canonical MO energies. Although a power series expansion ofS −1/2 is no longer possible in all-valence-electron methods, the MO levels resulting from the ZDO approximation are also systematically placed at too low energies, especially the low-lying occupied and the virtual MOs. A method based on explicit performance of the Löwdin transformation and retaining the simplicity of the ZDO approach for the calculation of Fock matrix elements is developed. The parameters of this method are obtained by very simple manipulations of the original ZDO parameters. Numerical calculations show that a considerable improvement of the MO energy spectrum in the inner valence region can be obtained in this way
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Theoretical chemistry accounts 60 (1981), S. 233-268 
    ISSN: 1432-2234
    Keywords: Hartree-Fock instabilities ; Electron correlation in binuclear transition metal compounds ; INDO calculations
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The Hartree-Fock (HF) instabilities in a series of bimetallocenes (1) and bimetallocenylenes (2) with Fe, Co, Ni and Cr as 3d centers have been investigated by means of a semiempirical INDO Hamiltonian. The HF picture is only valid in the case of the iron dimers. Strong correlation effects are encountered in the Co, Ni and Cr complexes. The necessary conditions for singlet, non-singlet (triplet) and non-real variations of the HF orbitals are discussed in detail. Singlet fluctuations are the result of intraatomic angular correlation (short-range) at each 3d center. The violation of the spin symmetry corresponds to a long-range interaction between the transition metal centers. Only for MOs with large 3d xz amplitudes there exists a channel for the interatomic spin decoupling. Consequences for polymetallocenes are shortly discussed.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Theoretical chemistry accounts 60 (1982), S. 455-494 
    ISSN: 1432-2234
    Keywords: Intramolecular electron (hole) propagation ; Time-dependent perturbation theory ; Binuclear transition metal systems
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract A theoretical framework for intramolecular electron or hole migration is developed starting from the convenient canonical molecular orbitals of an ordinary Hartree-Fock (HF) calculation. The necessary unitary transformations from the canonical MO basis via localized orbitals to a transfer Fockian are presented. A simple procedure for the consideration of relaxation and correlation effects during the time evolution is developed. Computational results for the hole migration between different metal 3d electron-hole pairs in bis(π-pentadienyl)dinickel (1) are discussed. The contribution of the direct transfer channel as well as the participation of ligand π and σ channels in the various propagation processes are analyzed.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Theoretical chemistry accounts 62 (1983), S. 351-372 
    ISSN: 1432-2234
    Keywords: Tight-binding formalism for 3d polymers ; Band structure approach in the CNDO/INDO approximation ; Basis equations and parametrization
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The crystal orbital formalism in the tight-binding approximation is combined with a recently developed CNDO/INDO model for transition metal species of the 3d series in order to allow band structure calculations on the Hartree-Fock (HF) SCF level for one-dimensional (1D) chains with organometallic unit cells. The band structure approach based on the CNDO and INDO approximation can be used for any atom combination up to bromine under the inclusion of the 3d series. The matrix elements for the tight-binding Hamiltonian are derived for an improved CNDO and INDO framework. The total energy of the 1D chain is partitioned into one-center contributions and into two-center increments of the intracell and intercell type. Semiempirical band structure calculations on simple model systems are compared with available ab initio data of high quality.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Theoretical chemistry accounts 57 (1980), S. 315-321 
    ISSN: 1432-2234
    Keywords: INDO calculations ; relaxation and correlation contributions
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The vertical ionization potentials of bis(π-allyl)nickel (see (1) in Fig. 1) are calculated by means of the Green's function approach within a semiempirical INDO extension to the first transition metal series. The computed ionization potentials are in good agreement with an experimentally deduced assignment. In contrast to earlier theoretical and experimental studies, the 7a u (π) level is predicted on top of the levels corresponding to the Ni 3d orbitals. Our approach leads to a complete assignment of the PE spectrum of (1) in the outer valence region.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Theoretical chemistry accounts 59 (1981), S. 153-179 
    ISSN: 1432-2234
    Keywords: Semiempirical LCAO-method ; CNDO- and INDO-approximation ; Transition metal compounds ; Computational results
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The CNDO/INDO molecular orbital formalism introduced in the preceding paper has been applied to a large number of atom combinations up to bromine under the inclusion of the first transition metal series. The results are compared with experimental data (geometries, ionization potentials, dipole moments) or with the results of sophisticatedab initio calculations (one electron energies, net charges, atomic populations). The semiempirical model reproduces for a wide range of molecules the experimental andab initio data with remarkable success.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Theoretical chemistry accounts 59 (1981), S. 127-151 
    ISSN: 1432-2234
    Keywords: Semiempirical LCAO-methods ; CNDO- and INDO-approximation ; Transition metal compounds ; theory and parametrization
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract A CNDO and INDO formalism is presented that can be used for any atom combination up to bromine under inclusion of the first transition metal series. The semiempirical parameters were chosen to reproduce results ofab initio calculations on metalorganic compounds. The calculational results are invariant to rotations of the coordinate system but not to a general transformation into other basis functions. The one-center Coulomb-expressions were selected in order to include intraatomic correlation contributions. Within the CNDO model this could be achieved by the scaled monopole termF 0, while in the INDO framework the one-center Coulomb integrals are given as a sum of the monopole-contributionF 0 and higher multipole contributions expressed as a linear combination of Slater-Condon parameters. The invariance problem in the case of local rotations within the INDO approximation was solved by considering the combination of one-center Coulomb and exchange integrals as a function ofl but independent ofm. The two-center electron-electron interaction terms were calculated via the Dewar-Sabelli, Ohno-Klopman relation. Penetration effects were treated according to Fischer and Kollmar. For the resonance integralH μv AB parameters are used which carry information related to the directed nature of the chemical bond by using optimized Klondyke functions. The core-core repulsion is constructed as a superposition of a soft potential function, describing polarization effects of the atomic cores, and a hard repulsion function, avoiding the collapse of the atomic cores with decreasing distance.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Theoretical chemistry accounts 59 (1981), S. 609-624 
    ISSN: 1432-2234
    Keywords: External localization procedure ; Extension of the Magnasco ; Perico algorithm to the virtual MO-space
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The external localization procedure of Magnasco and Perico is extended to the unoccupied molecular orbitals of the Fock-operator. The formal correspondence between bonding orbitals and localized antibonding MOs is demonstrated. Localized occupied and virtual one-electron functions are calculated within a semiempirical INDO-Hamiltonian and are analyzed; the externally localized occupied MOs are compared with energy localized orbitals computed by the Edmiston and Ruedenberg procedure. Various applications of the fully localized (occupied and virtual) MO set are discussed.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Theoretical chemistry accounts 60 (1981), S. 233-268 
    ISSN: 1432-2234
    Keywords: Hartree-Fock instabilities ; Electron correlation in binuclear transition metal compounds ; INDO calculations
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The Hartree-Fock (HF) instabilities in a series of bimetallocenes (1) and bimetallocenylenes (2) with Fe, Co, Ni and Cr as 3d centers have been investigated by means of a semiempirical INDO Hamiltonian. The HF picture is only valid in the case of the iron dimers. Strong correlation effects are encountered in the Co, Ni and Cr complexes. The necessary conditions for singlet, non-singlet (triplet) and non-real variations of the HF orbitals are discussed in detail. Singlet fluctuations are the result of intraatomic angular correlation (short-range) at each 3d center. The violation of the spin symmetry corresponds to a long-range interaction between the transition metal centers. Only for MOs with large 3d xz amplitudes there exists a channel for the interatomic spin decoupling. Consequences for polymetallocenes are shortly discussed.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Theoretical chemistry accounts 61 (1982), S. 539-558 
    ISSN: 1432-2234
    Keywords: Electronic reorganization in 3d complexes ; Breakdown of Koopmans' theorem ; Green's function formalism ; Semiempirical MO calculations
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The quantum chemical origin for the nonvalidity of Koopmans' theorem in transitionmetal compounds of the 3d series is analyzed by means of the Green's function formalism applied in the framework of a semiempirical INDO Hamiltonian. In the case of ferrocene (1), cyclobutadiene iron tricarbonyl (2) and irontetracarbonyl dihydride (3) the self-energy part of a geometric approximation has been partitioned into relaxation and correlation (pair removal, pair relaxation) increments. The breakdown of Koopmans' theorem for strongly localized MOs with large Fe 3d amplitudes is predominantly the result of electronic relaxation lowering the calculated ionization potentials. On the other hand the variation of the pair correlation energy in the cationic hole-state is by no means negligible and acts into the opposite direction as the relaxation increment. These significant pair relaxation contributions explain the wellknown failtures of the ΔSCF approach in combination with large scaleab initio bases. The loss of ground state pair correlation in the outer valence region is small in comparison to relaxation and pair relaxation. The magnitude of the aforementioned reorganization increments has been studied as a function of the localization properties of the MOs and as a function of the one-electron energies of the available particle- and hole-states. The computational findings derived with the INDO model are compared with recentab initio studies.
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