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  • Springer  (14)
  • Oxford University Press  (2)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Geographic and sectoral characteristics of academic knowledge externalities (2000)
    Springer
    Papers in regional science 79 (2000), S. 435-443 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-5957
    Keywords: JEL classification: O31, H41, O40 ; Key words: Innovations, high technology R&D, spatial econometrics, knowledge production function
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: Abstract. This note implements a novel approach to formalizing spatial externalities by employing spatial econometric methods that combine spatial dependence in the form of spatial autoregressive processes and spatial heterogeneity in the form of spatial regimes. The results confirm earlier findings that academic externalities are not uniform across sectors but also indicate important differences across sectors in terms of agglomeration effects.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/PL00011486
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Entrepreneurial strategy and the presence of small firms (1989)
    Springer
    Small business economics 1 (1989), S. 193-213 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0913
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Abstract A model is presented hypothesizing that the level of small-firm presence in any given industry emanates from the exogenous stock of entrepreneurial talent, a stochastic element of managerial and entrepreneurial talent, entry deterrence, and the entrepreneurial strategy deployed by small firms. Using data newly released by the U.S. Small Business Administration, the hypothesis is tested for a sample of 247 four-digit standard industrial classification industries, spanning the entire spectrum of firm sizes. We find that, consistently for all the measures of small-firm size and for all of the time periods used, the existence of entry deterrence and reliance upon innovative strategy explains a significant proportion of the variation in the presence of small firms.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00401857
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Symposium on Harrison's “Lean and Mean” (1995)
    Springer
    Small business economics 7 (1995), S. 333-335 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0913
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01302730
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Internationalization of Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises: A Policy Perspective (1997)
    Springer
    Small business economics 9 (1997), S. 7-20 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0913
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Abstract Small and medium sized firms play an important role in the process of creative destruction. The focus of the paper is on the international diffusion of small and medium sized firms innovations. Small and medium sized firms face two challenges in globalization: property rights protection and barriers to entry. We suggest that these barriers can frequently be circumvented by using existing multinationals as international conduits for small and medium size firms' innovations. However, such intermediated modes of expansion is adversely affected by transaction difficulties and intermediator's rent extraction. We raise two categories of questions: (i) is the private sector systematically making the wrong choice between the direct and intermediated mode of international expansion? and (ii) What should be the policy guidelines to improve the overall rate of international diffusion of innovation by small and medium sized enterprises.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1007991428526
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The entrepreneurial regime, learning, and industry turbulence (1990)
    Springer
    Small business economics 2 (1990), S. 119-128 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0913
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Abstract The role which the technological regime and learning play in determining the extent of industry turbulence, or the amount of firm movements into, within, and out of an industry, is examined. The entrepreneurial regime, in which firms outside of the industry incumbents have the innovative advantage, is found to promote industry turbulence. By contrast, the routinized regime, in which the existing incumbents have the innovative advantage, is identified as impeding industry turbulence. The determinants of small-firm turbulence are found to differ from those for large-firm turbulence. Small-firm turbulence is particularly high in capital-intensive industries, where firms must quickly learn or else face extinction.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00389672
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    High-Technology Employment Growth in Major U.S. Metropolitan Areas (1998)
    Springer
    Small business economics 10 (1998), S. 47-59 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0913
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Abstract High technology employment has received little attention in shift-share analysis. The purpose of this paper is to utilize shift-share analysis to analyze high technology employment change in 37 metropolitan areas. We find that shift share analysis is a useful tool to study employment gains and losses in metropolitan areas. Most of the gains and losses in a metropolitan area can be explained by the regions competitiveness component.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1007974501463
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Flexible technology and firm size (1991)
    Springer
    Small business economics 3 (1991), S. 307-319 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0913
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Abstract This paper provides the first empirical examination of the relationship between the application of flexible technologies and the firm-size distribution. In particular, we test the hypothesis that implementation of flexible technologies has tended to promote small firms more than large firms. Based on a sample of 36 engineering industries and using two distinct time periods between 1976 and 1986 and two different measures of what constitutes a small firm, we find that the application of certain flexible technologies, such as numerically controlled machines, has led to an increased presence of small firms, while the use of other flexible technologies, such as programmable robots, is associated with a decreased presence of small firms over time.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01840612
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Innovation of entrepreneurial firms (1996)
    Springer
    Small business economics 8 (1996), S. 203-218 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0913
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Abstract An empirical test is provided of the effect of the degree of obsolescence on the effect of firm size and monopoly profits on a firm's ability to innovate. Recent theory suggests that innovation depends on firm size and monopoly profits only if the firm conducts product improvement as well as new product innovation. This is due to the allocation of limited entrepreneurial attention between improving current products and innovating new products. Current products are subject to obsolescence and innovation requires technological opportunities. The firm conducts product improvement as well as new product innovation only if the degree of obsolescence is sufficiently low relative to the level of technological opportunity. This theory provides an explanation for previously unexplained empirical observations. We find preliminary support for the hypothesis that product improvement reduces the positive effect of firm size on new product innovation and sufficient product improvement may reverse the negative effect of monopoly profits on new product innovations. In addition, product improvement reduces the positive effect of technological opportunity on new product innovation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00388648
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New-firm startups, technology, and macroeconomic fluctuations (1994)
    Springer
    Small business economics 6 (1994), S. 439-449 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0913
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Abstract New-firm startup activity is examined within a framework pooling a cross-section of 117 industries over six time periods between 1976 and 1986. A model is introduced relating startup activity both to elements of the business cycle, in particular the macroeconomic growth rate, the cost of capital, and the unemployment rate, and to industry-specific characteristics, especially the technological conditions underlying the industry. The pooled cross-section regression results suggest that macroeconomic fluctuations as well as industry-specific elements contribute to startup activity. While new-firm startups respond positively to macroeconomic growth, they are promoted by a low cost of capital and high unemployment rate. A somewhat surprising result is that new-firm startups are not apparently deterred in capital intensive industries and where R&D expenditures play an important role. The empirical results suggest that new firms may be able to overcome their inherent size and experience disadvantages in such markets through exploiting university research and pursuing innovative activity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01064858
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises, Technology, and Globalization: Introduction to a special issue on Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises in the Global Economy (1997)
    Springer
    Small business economics 9 (1997), S. 1-6 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0913
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Abstract This paper is an introduction to the special issue on Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises in the Global Economy. The paper gives a broad outline of globalization, the role of technology, and examines the role that small and medium-sized enterprises play in the global economy. We focus on foreign direct investment of small technology based firms and how their innovations diffuse into the global economy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1007945327618
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