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  • Nature Publishing Group (NPG)  (2)
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    Linking mantle plumes, large igneous provinces and environmental catastrophes (2011)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-09-17
    Description: Large igneous provinces (LIPs) are known for their rapid production of enormous volumes of magma (up to several million cubic kilometres in less than a million years), for marked thinning of the lithosphere, often ending with a continental break-up, and for their links to global environmental catastrophes. Despite the importance of LIPs, controversy surrounds even the basic idea that they form through melting in the heads of thermal mantle plumes. The Permo-Triassic Siberian Traps--the type example and the largest continental LIP--is located on thick cratonic lithosphere and was synchronous with the largest known mass-extinction event. However, there is no evidence of pre-magmatic uplift or of a large lithospheric stretching, as predicted above a plume head. Moreover, estimates of magmatic CO(2) degassing from the Siberian Traps are considered insufficient to trigger climatic crises, leading to the hypothesis that the release of thermogenic gases from the sediment pile caused the mass extinction. Here we present petrological evidence for a large amount (15 wt%) of dense recycled oceanic crust in the head of the plume and develop a thermomechanical model that predicts no pre-magmatic uplift and requires no lithospheric extension. The model implies extensive plume melting and heterogeneous erosion of the thick cratonic lithosphere over the course of a few hundred thousand years. The model suggests that massive degassing of CO(2) and HCl, mostly from the recycled crust in the plume head, could alone trigger a mass extinction and predicts it happening before the main volcanic phase, in agreement with stratigraphic and geochronological data for the Siberian Traps and other LIPs.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sobolev, Stephan V -- Sobolev, Alexander V -- Kuzmin, Dmitry V -- Krivolutskaya, Nadezhda A -- Petrunin, Alexey G -- Arndt, Nicholas T -- Radko, Viktor A -- Vasiliev, Yuri R -- England -- Nature. 2011 Sep 14;477(7364):312-6. doi: 10.1038/nature10385.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ, Telegrafenberg, 14473, Potsdam, Germany. stephan@gfz-potsdam.de〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21921914" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 2
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    Plate tectonics on the Earth triggered by plume-induced subduction initiation (2015)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-11-13
    Description: Scientific theories of how subduction and plate tectonics began on Earth--and what the tectonic structure of Earth was before this--remain enigmatic and contentious. Understanding viable scenarios for the onset of subduction and plate tectonics is hampered by the fact that subduction initiation processes must have been markedly different before the onset of global plate tectonics because most present-day subduction initiation mechanisms require acting plate forces and existing zones of lithospheric weakness, which are both consequences of plate tectonics. However, plume-induced subduction initiation could have started the first subduction zone without the help of plate tectonics. Here, we test this mechanism using high-resolution three-dimensional numerical thermomechanical modelling. We demonstrate that three key physical factors combine to trigger self-sustained subduction: (1) a strong, negatively buoyant oceanic lithosphere; (2) focused magmatic weakening and thinning of lithosphere above the plume; and (3) lubrication of the slab interface by hydrated crust. We also show that plume-induced subduction could only have been feasible in the hotter early Earth for old oceanic plates. In contrast, younger plates favoured episodic lithospheric drips rather than self-sustained subduction and global plate tectonics.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gerya, T V -- Stern, R J -- Baes, M -- Sobolev, S V -- Whattam, S A -- England -- Nature. 2015 Nov 12;527(7577):221-5. doi: 10.1038/nature15752.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Earth Sciences, ETH-Zurich, Sonneggstrasse 5, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland. ; Geosciences Department, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75083-0688, USA. ; GFZ German Research Center for Geosciences, Heinrich-Mann-Allee 18/19, 14473 Potsdam, Germany. ; Institute of Earth and Environmental Science, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Strasse 24-25, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany. ; Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Korea University, Seoul 136-701, South Korea.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26560300" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
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    PAPER CURRENT
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