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  • 1
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    Effects of Nanoscale Carbon Black Modified by HNO3 on Immobilization and Phytoavailability of Ni in Contaminated Soil (2015)
    Hindawi
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-08-04
    Description: A surface-modified nanoscale carbon black (MCB) as Ni adsorbent in contaminated soil was prepared by oxidizing the carbon black with 65% HNO3. The surface properties of the adsorbent were characterized by zeta potential analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIRs). Batch experiments were conducted to evaluate the improvement of Ni2+ adsorption by MCB. Greenhouse cultivation experiments were conducted to examine the effect of MCB on the DTPA-extractable Ni2+ in soil, Ni2+ uptake of ryegrass shoot, and growth of ryegrass. Results indicated that MCB had much lower negative zeta potential, more functional groups for exchange and complexation of cation, and more heterogeneous pores and cavities for the adsorption of cation than the unmodified parent one (CB). MCB showed enhanced sorption capacity for Ni (, 49.02 mg·g−1) compared with CB (, 39.22 mg·g−1). Greenhouse cultivation experiment results showed that the biomass of ryegrass shoot and the Ni uptake of the ryegrass shoot were significantly increased and the concentrations of DTPA-extractable Ni in soil were significantly decreased with the increasing of MCB amount. It is clear from this work that the MCB had good adsorption properties for the Ni and could be applied in the in situ immobilization and remediation of heavy metal contaminated saline-alkali soils.
    Print ISSN: 2090-9063
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Published by Hindawi
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  • 2
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    Recent Advances in Design and Signal Processing for Antenna Arrays (2016)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2016-08-01
    Print ISSN: 1687-5869
    Electronic ISSN: 1687-5877
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Published by Hindawi
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  • 3
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    Study on Engineering Design and Cost Performance of Borehole Heat Exchangers (2015)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2015-10-19
    Description: The ground source heat pump (GSHP) is an environmentally friendly and energy-efficient technology, and the investigations on the simulation models of borehole heat exchanger (BHE) have made progress. However, the researches on engineering design and economic performance based on the simulation models of BHE are a few. This paper firstly describes the interior and exterior heat transfer according to the existing achievements, and the corresponding characteristics of models are explained. Afterwards, the detailed design procedures of BHE size are provided and the cost performance is highlighted. Accordingly, an actual engineering project which employs GSHP system as the air conditioning system is researched; the necessary expenses on BHE, heat pump units, and indoor end equipment are all taken into account. The initial investment, operating cost, and other factors that exert influences on the cost performance are demonstrated. In addition, comparisons between different systems are conducted to show the advantages of GSHP. By means of thermal transfer analysis and the design of engineering project, the practicability, energy saving, and environmental protection of GSHP are brought into play, which means the promotion of this technology is the general trend of development of air condition system.
    Print ISSN: 1024-123X
    Electronic ISSN: 1563-5147
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Published by Hindawi
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  • 4
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    Cloud Particles Differential Evolution Algorithm: A Novel Optimization Method for Global Numerical Optimization (2015)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2015-12-07
    Description: We propose a new optimization algorithm inspired by the formation and change of the cloud in nature, referred to as Cloud Particles Differential Evolution (CPDE) algorithm. The cloud is assumed to have three states in the proposed algorithm. Gaseous state represents the global exploration. Liquid state represents the intermediate process from the global exploration to the local exploitation. Solid state represents the local exploitation. The best solution found so far acts as a nucleus. In gaseous state, the nucleus leads the population to explore by condensation operation. In liquid state, cloud particles carry out macrolocal exploitation by liquefaction operation. A new mutation strategy called cloud differential mutation is introduced in order to solve a problem that the misleading effect of a nucleus may cause the premature convergence. In solid state, cloud particles carry out microlocal exploitation by solidification operation. The effectiveness of the algorithm is validated upon different benchmark problems. The results have been compared with eight well-known optimization algorithms. The statistical analysis on performance evaluation of the different algorithms on 10 benchmark functions and CEC2013 problems indicates that CPDE attains good performance.
    Print ISSN: 1024-123X
    Electronic ISSN: 1563-5147
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
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  • 5
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    The Burgers Equation for a New Continuum Model with Consideration of Driver’s Forecast Effect (2014)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2014-08-25
    Description: A new continuum model with consideration of driver’s forecast effect is obtained to study the density wave problem and the stop-and-go phenomena. The stability condition of the new model is derived by using linear analysis. The triangular shock wave, one type of density wave, which is determined by Burgers equation in the stable region, is discussed in great detail with reductive perturbation method. The local cluster appears when we perform the numerical simulations for the new model. It also proves that the driver’s forecast effect has the positive effect of reducing the local cluster.
    Print ISSN: 1110-757X
    Electronic ISSN: 1687-0042
    Topics: Mathematics
    Published by Hindawi
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  • 6
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    Tracking Air-to-Air Missile Using Proportional Navigation Model with Genetic Algorithm Particle Filter (2016)
    Hindawi
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-03-21
    Description: The purpose of this paper is to track the air-to-air missile. Here we put forward the PN-GAPF (Proportional Navigation motion model and Genetic Algorithm Particle Filter) method to solve the problem. The main jobs we have done can be listed as follows: firstly, we establish the missile state space model named as the Proportional Navigation (PN) motion model to simulate the real motion of the air-to-air missile; secondly, the PN-EKF and PN-PF methods are proposed to track the missile, through combining PN motion model with EKF and PF; thirdly, in order to solve the particle degeneracy and diversity loss, we introduce the intercross and variation in GA to the particles resampling step and then the PN-GAPF method is put forward. The simulation results show that the PN motion model is better than the CV and CA motion models for tracking the air-to-air missile and that the PN-GAPF method is more efficient than the PN-EKF and PN-PF.
    Print ISSN: 1024-123X
    Electronic ISSN: 1563-5147
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Published by Hindawi
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  • 7
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    A Model of Anisotropic Property of Seepage and Stress for Jointed Rock Mass (2013)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2013-07-11
    Description: Joints often have important effects on seepage and elastic properties of jointed rock mass and therefore on the rock slope stability. In the present paper, a model for discrete jointed network is established using contact-free measurement technique and geometrical statistic method. A coupled mathematical model for characterizing anisotropic permeability tensor and stress tensor was presented and finally introduced to a finite element model. A case study of roadway stability at the Heishan Metal Mine in Hebei Province, China, was performed to investigate the influence of joints orientation on the anisotropic properties of seepage and elasticity of the surrounding rock mass around roadways in underground mining. In this work, the influence of the principal direction of the mechanical properties of the rock mass on associated stress field, seepage field, and damage zone of the surrounding rock mass was numerically studied. The numerical simulations indicate that flow velocity, water pressure, and stress field are greatly dependent on the principal direction of joint planes. It is found that the principal direction of joints is the most important factor controlling the failure mode of the surrounding rock mass around roadways.
    Print ISSN: 1110-757X
    Electronic ISSN: 1687-0042
    Topics: Mathematics
    Published by Hindawi
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  • 8
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    Identification of Prior Factors Influencing the Mode Choice of Short Distance Travel (2015)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2015-02-19
    Description: Short distance trips are defined as any trips shorter than or equal to 5 kilometers, which have been found to be a big contributor to the traffic congestion problem. This paper is intended to analyze factors that influence the mode choice of short distance travels in order to help reduce short distance trips by cars. A survey is conducted at two typical kinds of residential areas, one with a high proportion of short distance car trips and another one with a low proportion. Then, by applying the structural equation modeling, it is found that the age, the household income, and the vehicle ownerships have a significant effect on the mode choice of short distance travels. Besides, among residents of the same type (same age, household income, and vehicle ownerships) in surveyed areas, those in the area with a better green-mode travel environment account for a higher proportion choosing the green mode than those in other areas. Based on this result, it is concluded that a better green-mode travel environment leads to a higher proportion of green-mode travels. In the end, the paper shows residents’ stated willingness to change travel modes from cars to the green mode.
    Print ISSN: 1026-0226
    Electronic ISSN: 1607-887X
    Topics: Mathematics
    Published by Hindawi
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  • 9
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    Research on the Models of Coupling Dynamics and Damage Classification for Vehicle-Engine Vibration (2020)
    Hindawi
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-03-31
    Description: Many researchers have designed the dynamic models to study the vehicle-engine vibration. However, the existing mechanical models are relatively simple, and the analysis of engine vibration damage is discussed rarely. In this paper, we proposed the models of coupling dynamics and damage classification of vehicle-engine vibration. The key advantages of these proposed models are (1) the finite elements method is adopted for the rotor and casing system, and the complex structure with multirotor and multicasing is modeled by defining support system and linking methods; (2) the hybrid numerical integral method is used to obtain the inherent frequency of the nonlinear dynamic system; and (3) the algorithms based on backpropagation (BP) neural network and radial basis function (RBF) neural network are chosen to construct the damage classification model of rotors. Experimental results based on the engine rotor tester prove that the proposed models are not only more robust than the existing works but also show that the classification algorithms can support engine damage analysis effectively.
    Print ISSN: 1024-123X
    Electronic ISSN: 1563-5147
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Published by Hindawi
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  • 10
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    Effect of Car Rear Shape on Pollution Dispersion in Near Wake Region (2015)
    Hindawi
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-01-01
    Description: Dispersion of vehicle exhaust gas is a primary source of air pollution in urban areas. Thus, it has become an important subject in the automotive field. This paper consists of two parts. First, the fastback MIRA model was selected as study object and a standardκ-εtwo-equation turbulence model was used. The simulation results were compared and analyzed with experimental data. The feasibility of the turbulence model and grid strategy was then verified, and the results were used in the next research step. Second, we used propane as tracer gas while ignoring the effect of the vehicle wake field force on this gas. The tracer gas diffusion in the wake flow field was then simulated through fastback, notchback, and square-back MIRA models. This study focuses on analyzing the characteristics of wake field diffusion effects, particularly in the near wake of a vehicle.
    Print ISSN: 1024-123X
    Electronic ISSN: 1563-5147
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
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