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  • Geological Society of London  (15)
  • Society for Sedimentary Geology (SEPM)  (4)
  • Wiley-Blackwell  (1)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A study of helix formation in polydimethysiloxane by Raman scattering (1976)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Physics Edition 14 (1976), S. 643-650 
    Details
    ISSN: 0098-1273
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Depolarization ratios ρ of the Raman bands due to CH3 stretching at 2907 cm-1 and the Si—O skeletal mode at 491 cm-1 have been measured in polydimethylsiloxane gum as a function of temperature from 100°C to -45°C. Below 0°C the changes in p have been interpreted in terms of the formation of helical regions in the gum. The enthalpy of helix formation ΔH has been determined as 3200 ± 600 cal/mole. An upper limit on the entropy change, ΔS, of 16 ± 3 e.u./mole and minimum values of helix content at different temperatures have been found. The Raman spectrum of crystalline polydimethylsiloxane is presented.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1976.180140406
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  • 2
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    Quantification of a Distributive Fluvial System: The Salt Wash DFS of the Morrison Formation, SW U.S.A. (2015)
    Society for Sedimentary Geology (SEPM)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-06-02
    Description: :  Recent analysis of modern aggradational continental sedimentary basins reveals that sedimentation patterns are dominated by distributive fluvial systems (DFSs). The Salt Wash Member of the Late Jurassic Morrison Formation has previously been described as a fan-shaped fluvial system. This study characterizes facies variations across the Salt Wash DFS to quantitatively test predicted trends in conceptual DFS models. Notable proximal-to-distal trends include a change in total thickness of the fluvial succession from 174 m to 40 m, and an average grain size from coarse sand to silt, while the percentage of sand decreased from 70% in the proximal region to 8% in the distal region. The proportion of amalgamated channel-belt deposits decreased from 67% to 0%, while floodplain facies and lacustrine deposits increase (38% to 94% and 0.1% to 7% respectively). A downstream decrease in average channel-belt thickness (15 m to 3.8 m, from thickest to thinnest) and average story thickness (7.7 m to 2.3 m, from thickest to thinnest) is also recorded. Significant downstream changes in deposit architecture were also noted, with proximal regions dominated by stacked channel-belt deposits with a high degree of amalgamation. Distal deposits are dominated by floodplain muds and sheet sandstones and sparse ribbon channels, with little to no amalgamation of channel deposits. This study provides quantified information for an ancient DFSs with the aim of providing a dataset that can be used for objective comparison between different DFSs, as well as providing numerical data to aid resource exploration and modelling efforts.
    Print ISSN: 1527-1404
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Society for Sedimentary Geology (SEPM)
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  • 3
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    Uranium distribution as a proxy for basin-scale fluid flow in distributive fluvial systems (2016)
    Geological Society of London
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-07-05
    Description: We infer system-scale fluid flow in the Late Jurassic Salt Wash fluvial succession (SW USA) by plotting uranium deposit distribution against sedimentological data, using uranium distribution as a proxy for subsurface fluid flow. More than 90% of uranium deposits in the Salt Wash occur where sandstone forms 40–55% and sand-rich channel-belts form 20–50% of the succession, which coincides with changes in channel-belt connectivity and gross-scale architecture. The paucity of uranium below these cut-off values suggests that fluid flow is related directly to predictable downstream fining and facies variations in distributive fluvial systems. Supplementary material: A summary table of location data, key trends and the amalgamation ratio method is available at https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.2849581 .
    Print ISSN: 0016-7649
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Geological Society of London
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  • 4
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    Scale invariance in fluvial barforms: implications for interpretation of fluvial systems in the rock record (2014)
    Geological Society of London
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-04-26
    Description: Understanding the controls on the size and shape of sandstone bodies deposited by fluvial systems is important in the reconstruction of ancient fluvial deposits and construction of quantitative reservoir models. Measurements and analyses of sandbodies from remotely sensed imagery have allowed quantification of width and length ratios of barforms in modern fluvial systems. For bank-attached bars the width:length ratios range between 0.12 and 0.47 (arithmetic mean: 0.25), for lateral bars between 0.19 and 0.42 (arithmetic mean: 0.30), for mid-channel bars between 0.09 and 0.49 (arithmetic mean: 0.28), and for point bars between 0.14 and 0.50 (arithmetic mean: 0.30). The majority of width:length ratios for all bar types range between 0.15 and 0.35. Examination of other parameters such as basin type, planform geometry, apparent stream width, river length, gradient over the investigated area, aggradational or degradational system, tectonic setting and climate do not significantly affect the width:length ratio. Therefore, the bar planform shape, the width:length ratio, can be considered to be scale invariant. The recognition that bar planform shape in fluvial systems is scale invariant will be useful in the construction of subsurface three-dimensional models of fluvial deposits with variable dimensions. Supplementary material: Data tables with information obtained for all of the rivers studied are available at http://www.geolsoc.org.uk/SUP18745 .
    Print ISSN: 1354-0793
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences
    Published by Geological Society of London
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  • 5
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    Sedimentological constraints on the late Silurian history of the Highland Boundary Fault, Scotland: implications for Midland Valley Basin development (2015)
    Geological Society of London
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-03-11
    Description: The relationship between movement on the Highland Boundary Fault and deposition of the Lower Old Red Sandstone in the Midland Valley Basin of Scotland is controversial. Most models favour mid-Silurian to early Devonian sinistral movement on the Highland Boundary Fault and development of a transtensional Midland Valley Basin. To constrain Highland Boundary Fault movement during the late Silurian, we examine the basal Lower Old Red Sandstone alluvial succession exposed adjacent to the Highland Boundary Fault. A lack of synsedimentary fault movement indicators, coupled with an increase in stratal thickness across the fault, indicates that the Highland Boundary Fault was not active during Lower Old Red Sandstone sedimentation. A transtensional basin model cannot be sustained.
    Print ISSN: 0016-7649
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Geological Society of London
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  • 6
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    A Quantitative Approach To Linking Drainage Area and Distributive-Fluvial-System Area In Modern and Ancient Endorheic Basins (2014)
    Society for Sedimentary Geology (SEPM)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-11-22
    Description: A bstract :  Regression relationships are derived relating the areal extent of large distributive fluvial systems (DFSs) (〉 30 km in length) formed in endorheic basins to contributing drainage area. The resulting correlation coefficients vary between 79% and 98%. Derived correlation values are strikingly similar when stratified by climate, large-scale tectonic regime, and basin context. Regression-equation exponent values range from 0.41 to 0.75, indicating a strong positive relationship between drainage area and DFS area, while coefficients account for the influence of external parameters on the derived relationships. Analysis of the dataset using planform morphology and drainage-basin slope as additional variables reveals that regressions for braided bifurcating DFS produce a highly significant relationship. The relationship suggests that drainage-basin relief influences sediment supply to the sedimentary basin in terms of volume or caliber, which in turn affects the depositional gradient of the DFS surface and resultant channel planform. An evaluation of the predictive capability of the regression equations reveals that the relationships derived from braided bifurcating DFSs perform best, with 80% of the predicted values falling within ± 25% of the measured DFS area value, with a third of the predicted values within ± 10% of the measured DFS area value. Application of the regression relationships derived here to rock-record examples of fluvial deposits interpreted as large DFSs show that DFS area can be used as a proxy to predict the surface area of fluvially transported sediment deposited in a sedimentary basin from the contributing drainage-basin area. The regression relationships for modern drainage areas and corresponding DFS areas from a range of tectonic and climatic settings suggest a measurable link between source and sink in the sedimentary rock record. The results provide a potential tool for more accurate reconstruction and prediction of preserved fluvial deposits and basin-fill architecture within basin-scale climatic and tectonic contexts.
    Print ISSN: 1527-1404
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Society for Sedimentary Geology (SEPM)
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  • 7
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    Lava-Sediment Interaction and Drainage-System Development In A Large Igneous Province: Columbia River Flood Basalt Province, Washington State, U.S.A (2014)
    Society for Sedimentary Geology (SEPM)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-11-22
    Description: A bstract :  Large Igneous Provinces (LIPs) have been implicated in some of the largest environmental perturbations to have affected the Earth through geological time. Yet the impact of LIP development on drainage and ecosystem development in the immediate vicinity of these provinces are still poorly constrained to date. Based on a detailed, integrative facies scheme we characterize the interaction between volcanism and fluvial, lacustrine, and wetland environments in the Miocene Columbia River Flood Basalt Province (CRBP) LIP exposed in central Washington State, USA. The facies scheme proposed here comprises a detailed description and interpretation of siliciclastic, bioclastic (diatomite), volcaniclastic, and paleosol facies and subfacies intercalated with lavas of the Columbia River Basalt Group (CRBG). Facies and facies associations of individual interbeds are further correlated to reconstruct changes in sedimentary settings and topography of lava fields during deposition. Field observations and facies analysis help to explain the effects of flood-basalt volcanism on drainage-system development. We propose a generic model of lava–drainage interplay and distribution of sedimentary settings in flood-basalt provinces, which will contribute to our understanding of sedimentological, environmental, and volcanic processes in the CRBP. Hydrocarbon exploration in volcanic terrains requires detailed information on the distribution and development of sedimentary settings. This model will help to better predict the character and distribution of sedimentary bodies and potential hydrocarbon reservoirs in volcanic terrains.
    Print ISSN: 1527-1404
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Society for Sedimentary Geology (SEPM)
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  • 8
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    A 2.3 million year lacustrine record of orbital forcing from the Devonian of northern Scotland (2016)
    Geological Society of London
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-05-04
    Description: Detailed sedimentological examination of onshore sections through cyclic lacustrine deposits of the Middle Devonian succession of northern Scotland has been augmented with offshore data to allow the construction of a continuous 2.3 myr record of orbital forcing. These data provide an important record of climatic variance through the Devonian, which, by comparison with other records from this time, can significantly improve our understanding of the Devonian global climatic system. Precessional and eccentricity cycles are shown to be dominant by the direct measurement and extrapolation of depositional rates in well-exposed sections as well as the analysis of ratios between primary and modulating cycles. Spectral analysis has confirmed the presence of regular cycles throughout the offshore data, which provide a far longer record of orbitally forced cyclicity than previously available. The presence of a half precession cycle is also suggested. Similar up-section variations in cycle thicknesses are recorded from both the onshore and offshore succession. These variations and those in cycle symmetry are related to a trend from an underfilled to a balanced-fill basin state. Of further importance in controlling cycle thickness is the period of each cycle during which lacustrine conditions, and therefore lake level controlled accommodation, existed.
    Print ISSN: 0016-7649
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Geological Society of London
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  • 9
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    Controls on the apex location of large deltas (2017)
    Geological Society of London
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-02-23
    Description: The majority of sediment transport to the world's oceans is routed via large deltas. We examine controls on delta apex location using a database of 84 of the world's largest deltas. Of the dataset, 94% of apices are controlled by either bedrock valleys (80%) or Pleistocene alluvial valleys (14%), suggesting that the principal control on modern apex development is valley exit and/or bedslope-mediated avulsion and not hydrodynamic backwater length. Valley exit control on large delta apex location may have been as important in the rock record as it is today, and should be considered as a key control on delta development. Supplementary material : Tabulated data on backwater length and apex type for studied deltas available at https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.3469770
    Print ISSN: 0016-7649
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Geological Society of London
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  • 10
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    Controls on the apex location of large deltas (2017)
    Geological Society of London
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-01-07
    Description: The majority of sediment transport to the world's oceans is routed via large deltas. We examine controls on delta apex location using a database of 84 of the world's largest deltas. Of the dataset, 94% of apices are controlled by either bedrock valleys (80%) or Pleistocene alluvial valleys (14%), suggesting that the principal control on modern apex development is valley exit and/or bedslope-mediated avulsion and not hydrodynamic backwater length. Valley exit control on large delta apex location may have been as important in the rock record as it is today, and should be considered as a key control on delta development. Supplementary material : Tabulated data on backwater length and apex type for studied deltas available at https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.3469770
    Print ISSN: 0016-7649
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Geological Society of London
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