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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Current status of biological control of soil-borne diseases (1990)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Soil use and management 6 (1990), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1475-2743
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract. Biological control by manipulating agricultural practices has been used for thousands of years. In the more restricted sense, of adding antagonistic micro-organisms, biological control is still a very small part of the chemical pesticide market, but reliable products are becoming available. Achieving consistent results in realistic agricultural conditions is a problem, but there is a good possibility of controlling root diseases, especially where the soil characteristics or the environmental conditions can be controlled. The use of biological control in integrated control is successful, and in the long-term genetic engineering techniques will be important in the development of biological control. Environmental safety and effective patent protection are still being developed, but there seem to be no insuperable problems.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-2743.1990.tb00831.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Spectral intensity in some Scottish freshwater lochs (1971)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Freshwater biology 1 (1971), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2427
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: In the course of investigations on the ecology of submerged aquatic macrophytes a narrow-bandwidth spectroradiometer has been used to measure underwater spectral intensity (390–750 nm) in a series of lochs approaching the extremes in optical and chemical properties of Scottish fresh waters. Cosine response and immersion-effect properties of the collector were determined in the laboratory with a colUmated hght source. Diffuse attenuation coefficients, Ee, ranged from 0·55 in Loch Croispol, a calcareous loch, to 2·9 in Loch Leven, a lowland eutrophic loch. Underwater spectral intensity (1 m) relative to subsurface values show a proportional increase in short-wave radiation in the blue-green water of Loch Croispol, while the converse is true of the peaty brown water of Loch Uanagan. Attenuation coefficients were derived over 25 nm wavebands in Lochs Croispol, Leven and Uanagan. The water in the latter two lochs is optically similar although Leven is rich in phytopiankton and has an extinction peak at 675 nm. Uanagan represents the brown-water type of loch most common in Scotland. Loch Croispol has attenuation coefficients for shorter wave-lengths at least ten times lower than the other two lochs and only approaches their values at 750 nm. Croispol resembles Crater Lake, Oregon. The colour range at the maximum colonizable depths by rooted macrophytes of brown (Uanagan 4 m) to blue-green (Croispol 6 m) water is equivalent to 196·0 and 230·6 kJ/Einstein (48·2 and 55·6 kcal/Einstein). Red/far-red ratios even in plankton-rich water (Leven) were at least three times the value for sunlight (1·3) and within the total photic zone reached three-figure proportions. Possible implications for light-sensitive seeds of aquatic species and for morphogenesis and zonation are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2427.1971.tb01567.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Assessment of in vivo screening systems for potential biocontrol agents of Gaeumannomyces graminis (1991)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant pathology 40 (1991), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3059
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: A screening programme was used to search for biocontrol agents against Gaeumannomyces graminis causing take-all disease of wheat. Of the 1800 rhizosphere microorganisms tested, 10% controlled the disease in a secondary screen. The 30 most effective isolates were further investigated for mode of action. Although 72% of the sites sampled for antagonistic microbes were planted to continuous cereals, they yielded only 23% of the most effective isolates. Of all the isolates selected, 63% belonged to the genera Bacillus, Pseudomonas and Penicillium; Beauveria and Rhodococcus were also antagonistic. Fluorescent pseudomonads, all producing siderophores in low-iron medium, accounted for 23% of the isolates. Over 50% of strains produced β-glucanases and chitinases. Less than 50% of the strains selected by the in vivo screen inhibited G. graminis in agar plate tests. In the gnotobiotic system used, the Pseudomonas strains were faster in colonizing the wheat roots than the majority of the Bacillus and fungal strains.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3059.1991.tb02415.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Food of an introduced population of pikeperch, Stizostedion lucioperca L., in Lake Egirdir, Turkey (1992)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Aquaculture research 23 (1992), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2109
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract. Pikeperch, Stizostedion lucioperca L., introduced into Lake Egirdir, in south-western Turkey, in 1955 grew well and formed the basis of an export fishery. Recently their size has declined and there are now so few of filletable size that the fishery has reverted to supplying purely local needs. Only 2 of the original 11 fish species are still found in the lake and this study examined the possibility that the decline in size of the pikeperch might be related to diet. It was found that invertebrates remained the main food of pikeperch in this lake till they reached a much larger size than elsewhere and that cannibalism was much higher than had previously been reported. The indications were therefore that there was a lack of forage fish.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2109.1992.tb00597.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ferox trout, Salmo trutta L., and chair,Salvelinm alpinus (L.), in Scottish lochs (1979)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 14 (1979), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Although the ferox of Scottish Highland lochs (lakes) have long captured the interest of both laymen and scientists, no previous investigation of their biology or ecology has been undertaken. This paper is based on 141 ferox from 22 lochs collected during the last 22 years and the results from a recent investigation into their status and distribution. When the features of their environment and the distribution of what is apparently their main food source, the arctic charr, were investigated, two essential conditions governing the occurrence of ferox emerged and a third appeared to be important: (i) oligotrophic waters; (ii) the presence of charr and (iii) a large loch (over 100 ha in extent). Typically, ferox grow slowly during the first third of life but on reaching what may be a critical length enter into a phase of rapid growth and may eventually reach a size and age very much greater than that of the individuals in the normal trout population from which they arise. This pattern of growth contrasts markedy with that of large, fast growing brown trout from eutrophic waters in Scotland which do not reach the same extremes of age or size.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.1979.tb03491.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The occurrence and pathological effects of Stephanostomum tenue (Digenea: Acanthocolpidae) metacercariae in elvers of the American eel (1998)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 53 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: This is the first record of the American eel, Anguilla rostrata, as an intermediate host of Stephanostomum tenue. Metacercariae occurred most frequently in the pericardial cavity of elvers where they often produce severe distention of the thoracic region and impeded swimming.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.1998.tb01012.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The growth of brown trout Salmo trutta L. in northern Scottish lochs with special reference to the improvement of fisheries (1971)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 3 (1971), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: This paper is based on the investigation of 173 lochs in Scotland from which a total of over 4700 brown trout were examined. Twenty-four of the lochs, all in northern Scotland, and their trout populations, were selected for detailed comparison in an attempt to identify environmental factors that might affect the growth rate of trout. The lochs probably represented the full range of main standing water habitats in the region-ranging from a saline loch in the Outer Hebrides to one in a sub-arctic environment high on the Cairngorm plateau in the Central Highlands. The study indicates that for practical purposes the growth rate of trout is negatively correlated with population density. Some suggestions for improving brown trout lochs, based on the findings of this paper, are included.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.1971.tb05902.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    COMPLEXITY IN THE MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY COMPLEX (1992)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    International journal of immunogenetics 19 (1992), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1744-313X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The human major histocompatibility complex (MHC) is one of the most intensively studied regions of the human genome, containing over 70 known genes and spanning about 4 million base pairs (4Mbp) of DNA on chromosome 6p21.3 (Klein, 1986). It can be divided up into three regions: the class I region (telomeric), the class II region (centromeric), and the class HI region (between class I and II), which includes the complement component genes C2, C4, and Bf (Trowsdale & Campbell, 1988). The MHC has been mapped in detail using pulse field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and by cloning in yeast artificial chromosome (YAC) and cosmid vectors, revealing long stretches of DNA between the regions as well as between individual class I and class II genes. Novel genes, that have no sequence relationships with class I, class II or complement components, have recently been found in these areas, and we will present an update on these after reviewing the more established loci.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-313X.1992.tb00047.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A Simple Colorimetric Assay To Determine Salicylate Ingestion Utilizing Salicylate Monooxygenase (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 501 (1987), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1987.tb45724.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The microbiology of soils under successive wheat crops in relation to take-all disease (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 38 (1986), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Thirty-eight wheat fields in southern England were sampled in an attempt to correlate the amount of take-all disease with 35 microbiological and chemical measurements of soil. There was little correlation between field take-all and pot tests to determine soil infectivity. Myxogastrids were important components of the soil population, being up to half of the amoebal population, and most soils contained dictyostelids, reticulate amoebae and myxobacteria. Amoebae, ciliates, bacteria and saprophytic fungi were recorded for all soils. pH was a major determinant of soil populations, being clearly correlated with fungal abundance and with numbers of ciliates, dictyostelids and bacteria. Principal component analysis separated dictyostelids from the other soil amoebae and again showed the importance of pH in determining soil microbial populations. Take-all was negatively correlated with soil fertility and positively related to nematodes and myxobacteria, but this was probably an effect of take-all, and represented saprophytic growth on dead roots rather than being a cause. Reticulate amoebae and dictyostelids were both correlated with low levels of take-all. This study emphasises the large number of interrelated populations of soil microorganisms which could have an effect on the severity of take-all infections.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.1986.tb01957.x
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