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  • Alfred-Wegener-Institut für Polar- und Meeresforschung  (4)
  • American Society of Limnology and Oceanography  (2)
  • 1
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    Vivaspin ultrafiltration: A new approach for high resolution measurements of colloidal and soluble iron species (2013)
    American Society of Limnology and Oceanography
    In:  Limnology and Oceanography: Methods, 11 . pp. 187-201.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-09-24
    Description: Vivaspin6® ultrafiltration units with molecular weight “cut-off” membranes of 5, 10, 30, 50, and 100 kDa were used together to examine the size distribution of newly formed iron (Fe) colloids in natural seawater samples and in the presence of several different Fe chelators with varying Fe binding strength. Artificial Fe chelators, such as TAC, and 2 kDG, when added at equimolar levels to Fe, supported the formation of a continuum of Fe-ligand colloids between 5 and 100 kDa. More than 90% of the added 55Fe in these solutions occurred in Fe aggregates/particles larger than 100 kDa. The strong siderophore DFO held the majority of the added 55Fe in the “truly” soluble fraction ≤ 5 kDa, whereas 90% of 55Fe added to UV-irradiated seawater was converted into Fe colloids with a size between 50 to 100 kDa (5–6 nm). Membranes with ≥ 10 kDa showed similar “cut-off” properties on natural seawater samplescollected in the water column off the Peruvian coast. Fe solubility determined with these membranes was approximately six times greater than Fe solubility determined with the 5 kDa membrane and the 0.02 μm syringe filters. This suggests that a seamless size continuum of organic chelators (≤5 kDa–10 kDa) is present in these seawaters and that estimates of ligand production based on 0.02 μm Anotop solubility experiments underestimates the abundance of soluble/colloidal ligands. Regarding these results, we recommend the use of Vivaspin 5 kDa membranes to separate the “truly” soluble from the colloidal Fe fraction.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
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  • 2
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    Application of cross-flow filtration for determining the solubility of iron species in open ocean seawater (2008)
    American Society of Limnology and Oceanography
    In:  Limnology and Oceanography: Methods, 6 . pp. 630-642.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-09-23
    Description: Measurements of soluble iron species (organic and inorganic) are important for understanding the transport of iron within the ocean and its bioavailability. Recent developments in ultrafiltration equipment and analytical detection techniques for low level Fe determination has turned the spotlight on obtaining data on soluble iron species. However there have, until now, been few studies that have characterized the performance of an ultrafiltration system with respect to well described soluble iron complexes. In the present work, we describe a methodological study characterizing the behavior of soluble and colloidal iron species in seawater by combining a crossflow ultrafiltration system (Vivaflow 50TM) with a radioisotope (55Fe). During this study, we were able to maintain excellent mass balances by including all components: not only the solution phases (retentate and permeate) but wall-adsorbed and filter-adsorbed iron, which were recovered by an acid-rinsing step. Wall and filter adsorption were unavoidable when solutions were saturated with respect to Fe'. However in undersaturated solutions, such as with an excess of desferrioxamine B, wall and filter adsorption were minimized, indicating that these effects should be slight for natural samples where iron-binding ligands are in excess. Our results have important implications for the use of ultrafiltration membranes for open ocean iron biogeochemical studies.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
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  • 3
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    Temporal changes in iron specification during mesoscale iron enrichment experiment (2005)
    Alfred-Wegener-Institut für Polar- und Meeresforschung
    In:  In: The Expeditions ANTARKTIS XXI/3-4-5 of the Research Vessel "Polarstern" in 2004 = Die Expeditionen ANTARKTIS XXI/3-4-5 des Forschungsschiffes "Polarstern" 2004. , ed. by Smetacek, V., Bathmann, U. and Helmke, E. Berichte zur Polar- und Meeresforschung = Reports on Polar and Marine Research, 500 . Alfred-Wegener-Institut für Polar- und Meeresforschung, Bremerhaven, pp. 50-55.
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    Publication Date: 2013-02-18
    Type: Book chapter , PeerReviewed
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  • 4
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    Changes in the speciation and biogeochemical cycling of other trace metals during EIFeX (2005)
    Alfred-Wegener-Institut für Polar- und Meeresforschung
    In:  In: The Expeditions ANTARKTIS XXI/3-4-5 of the Research Vessel "Polarstern" in 2004 = Die Expeditionen ANTARKTIS XXI/3-4-5 des Forschungsschiffes "Polarstern" 2004. , ed. by Smetacek, V., Bathmann, U. and Helmke, E. Berichte zur Polar- und Meeresforschung = Reports on Polar and Marine Research, 500 . Alfred-Wegener-Institut für Polar- und Meeresforschung, Bremerhaven, pp. 55-58.
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    Publication Date: 2013-02-18
    Type: Book chapter , PeerReviewed
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  • 5
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    Surface-active organic matter in the upper water column during EIFeX, a mesoscale open ocean iron enrichment experiment in the Southern Ocean (2005)
    Alfred-Wegener-Institut für Polar- und Meeresforschung
    In:  In: The Expeditions ANTARKTIS XXI/3-4-5 of the Research Vessel "Polarstern" in 2004 = Die Expeditionen ANTARKTIS XXI/3-4-5 des Forschungsschiffes "Polarstern" 2004. , ed. by Smetacek, V., Bathmann, U. and Helmke, E. Berichte zur Polar- und Meeresforschung = Reports on Polar and Marine Research, 500 . Alfred-Wegener-Institut für Polar- und Meeresforschung, Bremerhaven, pp. 59-61.
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    Publication Date: 2013-02-18
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  • 6
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    H〈sub〉2〈/sub〉O〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 dynamics during a mesoscale iron enrichment in the Southern Ocean (2005)
    Alfred-Wegener-Institut für Polar- und Meeresforschung
    In:  In: The Expeditions ANTARKTIS XXI/3-4-5 of the Research Vessel "Polarstern" in 2004 = Die Expeditionen ANTARKTIS XXI/3-4-5 des Forschungsschiffes "Polarstern" 2004. , ed. by Smetacek, V., Bathmann, U. and Helmke, E. Berichte zur Polar- und Meeresforschung = Reports on Polar and Marine Research, 500 . Alfred-Wegener-Institut für Polar- und Meeresforschung, Bremerhaven, pp. 46-50.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-02-23
    Type: Book chapter , PeerReviewed
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