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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    “Blueprint for Survival” (1972)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 235 (1972), S. 405-405 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] SIR,—As professional biologists we wish to record our strong disapproval of your attitude to environmental issues as expressed in recent editorials, and in particular your derisory criticism of The Ecologist's "Blueprint for Survival" (Nature, 235, 63 ; 1972). It is now widely acknowledged ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/235405b0
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The breakdown and decomposition of sweet chestnut (Castanea sativa mill.) and beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) leaf litter in two deciduous woodland soils (1973)
    Springer
    Oecologia 12 (1973), S. 275-288 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Changes in the carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen and polyphenol content of chestnut and beech leaves were measured during the first year after fall. Chestnut leaves had an initial carbon, hydrogen and nitrogen content (by weight) of 48.71%, 5.56% and 0.77% respectively; beech had a similar carbon and hydrogen content (47.77% and 5.36%) but less nitrogen (0.56%). Both leaf litter types showed percentage increases in nitrogen content during the study period but only the beech showed absolute increases in nitrogen content of up to 66.7% of the initial weight present in the leaves. The percentage increases in the nitrogen content of chestnut litter were largely attributable to more rapid losses of non-nitrogenous leaf constituents while the weight of nitrogen present in the leaves remained relatively constant. The percentage carbon and hydrogen contents of the chestnut and beech litter showed changes of less than 1% throughout the year, indicating that carbohydrate losses were directly proportional to weight losses. Soil animals fed on chestnut leaves to a far greater extent than beech leaves; this difference did not appear to be directly attributable to differences between the nitrogen contents or C/N ratios of the two leaf litter species. The gross polyphenol contents of chestnut and beech litter showed an intraspecific inverse correlation with the feeding activities of soil animals on the leaves, but did not account for interspecific differences in leaf palatability since chestnut leaves were eaten when they contained higher polyphenol concentrations than beech leaves. However, there was an interspecific negative correlation between palatability and the presence of protocatechuic and gallic acids.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00347567
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Decomposition of elephant dung in an arid, tropical environment (1974)
    Springer
    Oecologia 14 (1974), S. 111-125 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Carbon dioxide evolution from elephant dung and bare soil was measured in relation to the chemical composition of the decomposing organic material, temperature and moisture. Carbon mineralisation from the dung was extremely rapid during the first 48 hours after deposition but micro-organism activity became progressively more limited by moisture after this initial period, and was at a comparatively low rate after two weeks when the dung was dry. Under high moisture controlled conditions CO2 evolution from the dung was primarily temperature limited, but a decrease in the carbon mineralisation rate and the temperature response over the 14 day experimental period suggested that the availability of carbon and nutrient resources also became limiting to micro-organism activity. Carbon dioxide evolution from the soil was negligible under normal conditions but both the soil and dry dung showed a rapid increase in CO2 evolution rates following the addition of water. The implication of these results for the dynamics of soil organic matter during the wet and dry seasons and for the ecology of dung beetles is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00344902
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The breakdown and decomposition of sweet chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.) and beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) leaf litter in two deciduous woodland soils (1973)
    Springer
    Oecologia 12 (1973), S. 251-274 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Weight losses from sweet chestnut and beech leaves, attributable to biotic and abiotic breakdown processes, leaching and microbial decomposition have been studied using tethered leaves and litter bags. The experimental sites were two adjacent areas of deciduous woodland. In one area (the Castanea site) a mor-like moder humus form has developed under a stand dominated by coppiced chestnut, in the other a mull-like moder underlies a stand of coppiced beech (the Fagus site). Chestnut leaves in the Castanea site are primarily comminuted by abiotic processes (wind, rain, hygroscopic movements, etc.) and soil animals make a relatively small contribution to leaf litter breakdown. After 31 months in the field 36.03% of the initial weight of chestnut leaves remained in the fine mesh bags against 22.82% in the coarse mesh bags. Weight losses from the coarse and fine mesh bags containing beech litter were not significantly different after 31 months when a mean weight of 57.10% of the litter remained. In the Fagus site, leaf litter breakdown was mainly due to the feeding activities of earthworms. However, chestnut leaves were more readily selected than beech leaves. After 8 months in the field nearly 45% more chestnut leaf material had been lost from the coarse mesh bags than from the fine mesh bags. Weight losses from the coarse and fine mesh bags containing beech litter were not significantly different after 31 months, when a mean weight of 43.30% of the litter remained. The leaching and decomposition rates of either type of leaves were not significantly different in the two sites. Chestnut leaves in fine mesh bags lost weight at twice the rate of beech leaves under similar conditions during the first 20 months of the study; however, most of the weight losses from beech and up to 75% of the losses from chestnut were attributable to leaching rather than to microbial decomposition. The rates of weight losses from the chestnut litter in fine mesh bags declined over the last year of the study, but beech maintained approximately constant weight loss rates for 31 months in the field. This difference may be due to different rates at which similar proportions of water soluble materials were leached from the leaves. A major defect in the litterbag technique is demonstrated. The litter bags maintain the micro-environmental characteristics of the surface litter layers and do not follow the breakdown and decomposition pattern of the leaf litter year class from which the experimental material was drawn.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00347566
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Morphological and structural studies of poly(gly-gly-ala) (1971)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 10 (1971), S. 1049-1057 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The ultrastructural morphology and x-ray and electron diffraction of poly (Gly-Gly-Ala) have been studied. The polymer has two forms; the first, form I possesses a super-folded cross-β structure, long fibers of which show some twisting and intertwining. Form II precipitates in a less distinct fibrous form from aqueous solution. The x-ray diffraction and oriented electron diffraction data suggest that form II is a polyglycine II helix situated in a monoclinic cell with dimensions a = 8.86 Å, b = 22.0 Å, c = 9.42 Å, and β = 90°. Combined with the morphological evidence it appears likely that form II is also in an antiparallel superfolded array.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.360100611
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization of two sequential polytripeptides containing glycine and ethyl-glutamate residues (1972)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 11 (1972), S. 1411-1419 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The polytripeptides poly(glu(OEt)-gly-gly) and poly(glu(OEt)-glu(OEt)-gly) have been synthesized and characterized using infrared linear dichroism, ultraviolet circular dichroism spectroscopy, and electron microscopy. Both polymers have been obtained in a cross β conformation with antiparallel chains, however, there appear to be significant differences in the stability of this conformation for the two polymers. Poly(glu(OEt)-gly-gly) has also been shown to exist in a 31 polyglycine II type helix in aqueous solution whereas films cast from this solution appear to be random. Finally this same polymer can be obtained in either a random or an extended form trifluoroacetic acid depending on the nature of the substrate used for film casting.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.1972.360110709
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The potential for poly-α-amino acids as biomaterials (1974)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 8 (1974), S. 197-207 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: Poly-α-amino acids have been investigated for possible use in a wide variety of biomedical applications. These range from dialysis membranes to artificial skin substitutes to degradable sutures. The large number of available α-amino acids potentially provides an extremely large number of poly-α-amino acids. The majority of materials investigated to date are copolymers composed of two components, one of which usually provides the desired property for the given application.This paper deals with the further examination of a series of γ-benzyl-L-glutamate-L-leucine copolymers. Evidence is provided on the effect of these copolymers on the biological environment as determined by implantation in rats up to 200 days. In vitro tests were also performed and the effect of these tests on the stress-strain properties of one of the copolymers is presented.Preliminary evidence on biodegradable copolymer films is also included. These materials have free γ-carboxyl groups on the glutamate components.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbm.820080320
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  • 8
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    Deficient Photosystem II in Agranal Bundle Sheath Chloroplasts of C4 Plants (1970)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 1970-09-01
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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  • 9
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    The breakdown and decomposition of sweet chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.) and beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) leaf litter in two deciduous woodland soils (1973)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 1973-09-01
    Print ISSN: 0029-8549
    Electronic ISSN: 1432-1939
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Springer
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  • 10
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    Decomposition of elephant dung in an arid, tropical environment (1974)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 1974-01-01
    Print ISSN: 0029-8549
    Electronic ISSN: 1432-1939
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Springer
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