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  • 1980-1984  (22)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effects of sunspots on solar irradiance (1982)
    Springer
    Solar physics 76 (1982), S. 211-219 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-093X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Sunspots have an obvious direct effect upon the visible radiant energy falling upon the Earth. We show how to estimate this effect and compare it quantitatively with recent observations of the solar total irradiance (Willson et al., 1981). The sunspots explain about half of the total observed variance of one-day averages. Since the sunspot effect on irradiance produces an asymmetry of the solar radiation, rather than (necessarily) a variation of the total luminosity, we have also estimated the sunspot population on the invisible hemisphere. This extrapolation allows us to estimate the true luminosity deficit produced by sunspots, in a manner that tends toward the correct long-term average value. We find no evidence for instantaneous global re-emission to compensate for the sunspot flux deficit.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00170984
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Upper limits on the total radiant energy of solar flares (1983)
    Springer
    Solar physics 86 (1983), S. 123-130 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-093X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract We establish limits on the total radiant energy of solar flares during the period 1980 February – November, using the solar-constant monitor (ACRIM) on board the Solar Maximum Mission. Typical limits amount to 6 × 1029 erg/s for a 32-second integration time, with 5σ statistical significance, for an impulsive emission; for a gradual component, about 4 × 1032 ergs total radiant energy. The limits lie about an order of magnitude higher than the total radiant energy estimated from the various known emission components, suggesting that no heretofore unknown dominant component of flare radiation exists.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00157181
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 3
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    Upper limits on the total radiant energy of solar flares (1983)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-07-01
    Print ISSN: 0038-0938
    Electronic ISSN: 1573-093X
    Topics: Physics
    Published by Springer
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    PAPER CURRENT
  • 4
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    Variations of solar irradiance (1981)
    Institute of Physics
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981-03-01
    Print ISSN: 0004-637X
    Electronic ISSN: 1538-4357
    Topics: Physics
    Published by Institute of Physics
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    PAPER CURRENT
  • 5
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    Active cavity radiometer (1981)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-06-04
    Description: The active cavity radiometer (ACR) experiment on the Spacelab 1 mission to measure the total solar irradiance is discussed. Short and long term variations in the total solar output of optical energy are studied. Solar total irradiance observation provides information on the solar cycle and other long term trends in solar output that are of climatological significance as well as short term solar physics phenomena. The interaction of solar radiation with the Earth's atmosphere, oceans, and land masses provides the primary driving forces for the formation of weather systems and the determination of climate. Astrophysical measurements determine the total energy flux. The principal role of the ACR observations support extended solar irradiance experiments on free flying satellites. Solar irradiance measurements are important in the establishment of the radiation scale at the solar total flux level in the international system of units (SI).
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: NASA. Marshall Space Flight Center Spacelab Mission 1 Expt. Descriptions; 4 p
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 6
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    The inconstant solar constant (1984)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: The Active Cavity Radiometer Irradiance Monitor (ACRIM) of the Solar Maximum Mission satellite measures the radiant power emitted by the sun in the direction of the earth and has worked flawlessly since 1980. The main motivation for ACRIM's use to measure the solar constant is the determination of the extent to which this quantity's variations affect earth weather and climate. Data from the solar minimum of 1986-1987 is eagerly anticipated, with a view to the possible presence of a solar cycle variation in addition to that caused directly by sunspots.
    Keywords: SOLAR PHYSICS
    Type: Sky and Telescope (ISSN 0037-6604); 67; 501-503
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 7
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    Latest rocket measurements of the solar constant (1982)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Three rocket flights which carried a payload of absolute radiometers to measure the solar constant with an accuracy of plus or minus 0.5 per cent have been accomplished. Several of the rocket radiometers were duplicates of those aboard the Solar Maximum Mission and Nimbus spacecrafts. The values for the solar constant obtained by the rocket sensors for the three flight dates indicate an increase between the first and latter two flights approximately equivalent to the uncertainty of the measurements. The values for the solar constant for the three flights are 1367, 1372 and 1374 W/sq m.
    Keywords: SOLAR PHYSICS
    Type: Solar Energy; 28; 5, 19; 1982
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 8
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    Solar irradiance variations and solar activity (1982)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: A mean value for the 1 AU total solar irradiance of 1368.2 W/sq m and a downward trend of 0.05% per year were derived from measurements by the Active Cavity Radiometer Irradiance Monitor (ACRIM) experiment on the Solar Maximum Mission during 1980. Distinct temporary solar irradiance decreases associated with solar activity maxima were observed with a series of nine dips from April to October recurring at fairly regular intervals averaging 24 days. The decreases correlate inversely with sunspot area, 2800-MHz flux, and Zurich sunspot number. Dominant periods common to the irradiance and sunspot area power spectra link the irradiance decreases to sunspot flux deficit in solar active regions. Evidence of significant total irradiance modulation by facular flux excess is cited. A persistent radiative cycle of active regions consistent with the ACRIM irradiance results and the morphology of solar active regions was found. The pattern of regularly recurrent active region maxima between April and October suggests an asymmetry in solar activity generation during this period.
    Keywords: SOLAR PHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research; 87; June 1
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 9
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    Measurements of solar total irradiance and its variability (1984)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: The development of electrically self calibrated cavity pyrheliometric instrumentation that occurred in the early 20th century provided the technological base for experiments to detect variability of the solar total irradiance. Experiments from ground based observatories, aircraft and balloons during the 1st half of the 20th century were unable to achieve sufficient accuracy or long term precision to unambiguously detect irradiance variations of solar origin. Refinements in pyrheliometric technology during the 1960's and 1970's and the accessibility of extended experimental opportunities above the earth's atmosphere in recent years have provided the first direct observations of solar total irradiance variability and provided the cornerstone observations of a long term database on solar irradiance. A program of solar irradiance monitoring has evolved to sustain the database over at least 22 years, corresponding to a single cycle of solar magnetic activity, and the shortest well identified cycle of climate variation. Direct links between total irradiance variations, solar magnetic activity and the solar global '5 min' oscillation phenomena have been derived from recent space flight observations by the SMM/ACRIM I experiment.
    Keywords: SOLAR PHYSICS
    Type: Space Science Reviews (ISSN 0038-6308); 38; 203-242
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 10
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    Solar Total Irradiance Variability Measurements by the SMM/ACRIM I Experiment (1984)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-09-11
    Description: Convincing evidence of solar total irradiance variability and its relationships with solar activity was provided by the Active Cavity Radiometer Irradiance Monitor I (ACRIM I) experiment on the NASA Solar Maximum Mission (SMM). SMM/ACRIM I, the first flight experiment dedicated to the task of solar irradiance monitoring, has produced a multiyear solar total irradiance data base with + or - 0.02% or better long term precision since its launch in February, 1980. While the climatological significance of the results will not be apparent until many more years of continuous data are acquired, the discovery of variability on solar active region time scales has provided new insight into the physics of solar activity in the early years of the mission.
    Keywords: SOLAR PHYSICS
    Type: NASA, Washington Solar Irradiance Variations on Active Region Time Scales; p 1-42
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
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