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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Water and environment journal 13 (1999), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1747-6593
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: This study uses the psychological framework of ‘mental modelling’ to compare what experts and laypeople think about the hardness of drinking water. A drinking-water quality mental model was developed using influence-directed network procedures. This was evaluated in qualitative studies in Oxfordshire and the findings revealed gaps in laypeople's knowledge about the water-supply process.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Sedimentology 31 (1984), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-3091
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: The Upper Ludlow Douro Formation contains the first reported Silurian sponge reefs. These relatively small (5–35 m diameter), mound-shaped structures contain, on average, 35% lithistid demosponges. Reefs are surrounded by irregular haloes of crinoid debris; abundance and diversity of all fossil groups decreases away from the reefs. Each reef is underlain by a lens of crinoid wackestone to grainstone rich in crinoid holdfasts; trepostomate bryozoans, solenoporacean algae and rhynchonellid brachiopods are locally common. The bulk of each reef consists of lime mudstone with abundant lithistid sponges. This is capped by a thin layer of wackestone with abundant tabulate and rugose corals and fewer lithistid sponges, calcareous algae, trepostomate bryozoans and stromatoporoids. This zonation, in which a sponge colonization community was replaced by a coral diversification community, is similar to that reported from some Middle Ordovician, Upper Jurassic and Holocene sponge reefs.The Douro sponge reefs were relatively low structures, with about 3 m maximum topographic relief. They grew on a broad carbonate platform, probably in warm, tranquil, turbid waters of normal or near-normal marine salinity. Periodic influxes of terrigenous mud adversely affected reef size, and caused biotic changes. Some of the reef lime mud was derived from non-reef sources, but significant quantities were also produced on the reefs. Reefs underwent synsedimentary lithification, bioerosion and minor storm erosion. Fabrics and compositions of sparry calcite in cavities record three generations of meteoric cementation. Originally siliceous spicules of the lithistid sponges were dissolved and the moulds later filled with sparry calcite. Early dissolution of siliceous spicules is common in reef environments, and may have caused fossil sponges to be under-represented in ancient reefs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    Urban history 9 (1982), S. 159-160 
    ISSN: 0963-9268
    Source: Cambridge Journals Digital Archives
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , History , Sociology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    Urban history 7 (1980), S. 138-139 
    ISSN: 0963-9268
    Source: Cambridge Journals Digital Archives
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , History , Sociology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 786 (1996), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 16 (1981), S. 2324-2326 
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 262 (1984), S. 793-797 
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Keywords: electron microscopy ; polyethylene ; morphology ; orientation ; small-angle X-ray scattering
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The morphology of cold-drawn, rolled and annealed high-density polyethylene was investigated by transmission electron microscopy of stained sections. From the electron micrographs, a model of the structure was developed and the scattering pattern calculated. This was then compared with the corresponding small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) pattern, in order both to aid in the interpretation of SAXS patterns of oriented polymers, and to assess the effects of staining with chlorosulphonic acid on the morphology.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 259 (1981), S. 252-259 
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Keywords: Scanning electron microscopy ; polyethylene ; microfibrillar structure ; lamellar structure ; drawing mechanism
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die mikrofibrillare und lamellare Morphologie in kaltverstreckten bzw. kaltverstreckten und anschließend getemperten HD-Polyäthylenplatten wurden mittels Raster-Elektronenmikroskopie untersucht. Kontrastunterschiede an Bruchoberflächen im Falle kaltverstreckten Polyäthylens werden interpretiert durch eine, vom Verstreckmechanismus bedingte, bevorzugte Orientierung der inter-mikrofibrillaren tie-Moleküle in der Plattenebene. An kaltverstreckten/getemperten Platten wurden Lamellenstapel beobachtet, die eine Zwillingsorientierung von geneigten Lamellen aufwiesen. Diese ‚dachförmige’ Struktur wird erzeugt durch eine Scherung innerhalb der Mikrofibrillen während der Mikro-Halsbildung und deutet das bekannte 4-Punkt-Röntgen-Kleiriwinkelbeugungsdiagramm. Zur Auflösung der einzelnen, lamellaren Textur wurde eine leichte Ätzung mit rauchender Salpetersäure benötigt.
    Notes: Summary The microfibrillar and lamellar morphologies in cold-drawn and cold-drawn/annealed high-density polyethylene sheets were observed by means of scanning electron microscopy. Differences in contrast on fracture surfaces for cold-drawn sheet are interpreted in terms of a preferential orientation of inter-microfibrillar tie molecules in the plane of the sheet brought about by the drawing mechanism. In annealed, cold-drawn sheet, stacks of lamellae were observed which showed twinned orientations of inclined lamellae. This “roof-top” structure is interpreted in terms of shear within the individual microfibrils during micronecking, and corresponds to the well-known 4-point small-angle X-ray pattern for this type of specimen. Light etching with fuming nitric acid was necessary in order to resolve the individual lamellar texture.
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  • 9
    ISSN: 0947-3440
    Keywords: Crown compounds ; Molecular knots ; Self-assembly ; Supramolecular chemistry ; Template-directed synthesis ; Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A design logic for the self-assembly of a molecular trefoil knot and of its isomeric trivial knot is described. The approach relies on the formation of a double-stranded supramolecular complex between an acyclic π-electron rich 1,5-di-oxynaphthalene-based polyether and an acyclic π-electron deficient bipyridinium-based tetracation. The reversible complexation of the two acyclic complementary components in solution is followed by the irreversible formation of covalent bonds connecting the termini of these two precursors within the supramolecular complex, affording both a trefoil knot and a trivial knot, though only in extremely low yields. The isomers were separated by preparative high-performance liquid chromatography and characterized by liquid secondary ion mass spectrometry which revealed the binding of up to two ammonium ions in the case of only one of the two isomers - namely, the trivial knot. In addition, we have performed binding studies between some model acyclic and macrocyclic 1,5-dioxynaphthalene-based polyethers and the bipyridinium based precursor of the knots. One of the complexes was also characterized in the solid state by X-ray crystallography which revealed the formation of a [2]pseudorotaxane in the solid state.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 0947-6539
    Keywords: cyclic voltammetry ; logic gates ; molecular devices ; pseudorotaxanes ; spectroelectrochemistry ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The electrochemical and spectroscopic properties of a pseudorotaxane formed in acetonitrile solution by self-assembly of a wire-type electron donor based on the tetrathiafulvalene unit and the cyclobis(paraquat-p-phenylene) tetracationic electron acceptor have been investigated. We show that a) reversible dethreading/rethreading cycles of the pseudorotaxane can be performed by either oxidation and successive reduction of the electron-donor wire or reduction and successive oxidation of the electron-accepting tetracationic cyclophane, and b) because of this special behavior, the input (electrochemical)/output (absorption spectrum) characteristics of this molecular-level system correspond to those of an XNOR logic gate.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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