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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The solar wind and human birth rate: A possible relationship due to magnetic disturbances (1990)
    Springer
    International journal of biometeorology 34 (1990), S. 42-48 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1254
    Keywords: Briths ; Humans ; Solar wind ; Geomagnetism ; Melatonin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geography , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Data obtained from the literature on the annual pattern of human conceptions and plasma melatonin at high latitudes indicated that simple annual rhythms do not exist. Instead, prominent semiannual rhythms are found, with equinoctial troughs and solsticial peaks. A prominent semiannual environmental event is the magnetic disturbance induced by the solar wind. The semiannual magnetic disturbances are worldwide, but most pronounced in the auroral zones where the corpuscular radiation enters the atmosphere. Magnetic indices that predominantly reflect these events were obtained from the literature and correlated with the melatonin and conception data. Significant and inverse correlations were found for Inuit conceptions and the melatonin data. The correlations obtained for 48 contiguous states of the United States indicated that only the extreme northern states exhibited this relationship. These data were compared with a previous correlational study in the United States which established that sunshine was correlated with conceptions in the middle latitude and southern states. An hypothesis of dual control by electromagnetic and magnetic energies is proposed: melatonin is a progonadal hormone in humans controlled by both factors, depending on their relative strength. Other studies are reviewed regarding the possible factors involved in determining the annual pattern of human conceptions. Demographic studies of geographic variation in temporal patterns of conceptions, with particular regard to variations of the magnetic fields on the earth's surface, may provide some insight into the efficacy of these different factors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01045819
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Photoperiod, temperature, and regional patterns of conceptions in the USA (1993)
    Springer
    International journal of biometeorology 37 (1993), S. 52-60 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1254
    Keywords: Human births ; Rhythms ; Bimodal ; Temperature ; Photoperiod
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geography , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Twenty-two years of monthly values of birth data for the USA, 1967 through 1988, were analyzed by visual inspection. The data were transformed to remove the influence of length of month and of linear trend, and the values were lagged 9 months to approximate the time of conception. Then, 11-year monthly averages were obtained and plotted as standard scores. Thus two 11-year sets of data were independently analyzed, providing the opportunity of replication. Four distinct temporal patterns were found, differing in month of occurrence of the initial trough and peak and the relative sizes of the two troughs; these characteristics of the temporal pattern change systematically with latitude in the eastern and midwestern states. Data from two other continents, the United Kingdom and Australia, also were analyzed using the same method and found to exhibit a temporal pattern during the year similar to the northern states of the USA. Two biologically relevant variables, temperature and photoperiod, were considered as possible controllers and regulators of the annual rhythmicity. Comparisons of the trends in conceptions with these environmental variables, and inspections of the temperatures and photoperiods at which peaks and troughs in conceptions were found, indicated that these environmental variables could not account for the annual rhythmicity in conceptions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01212768
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An eleven-year cycle in human births (1991)
    Springer
    International journal of biometeorology 35 (1991), S. 33-38 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1254
    Keywords: Human births ; Cycles ; Sunspots ; Magnetic disturbances
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geography , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The prominent endogenous cycle of the sun, with a period of approximately 11 years, is correlated with human conceptions. Time series methods (periodograms and periodic regression analyses) established that an approximate 11-year period exists in the data on births in the 20th century (1909–1985) in the United States and in New Zealand. Statistical comparisons indicated a reliable and direct relationship of conceptions with the approximately 11-year sunspot cycle. These findings were discussed in terms of the possible mediating role of geomagnetic disturbances and other factors that have been suggested in the literature to mediate human conception.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01040961
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The 11-year cycle in human births (1993)
    Springer
    International journal of biometeorology 37 (1993), S. 72-77 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1254
    Keywords: Human births ; Conception ; 11-Year cycles ; Magnetic disturbances ; Sunspots ; Temperature
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geography , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The annual numbers of human births were analyzed with regard to an 11-year cycle. The annual values were obtained from seven different regions: Australia, Germany, England and Wales, New Zealand, Japan, Switzerland, and the USA. Fifty-five annual values were obtained from each region for the years 1930 to 1984, comprising approximately five sunspot cycles. For each region the annual values were formed into 5 by 11 matrices; the eleven column means obtained were standardized, and plotted. A periodic regression technique, utilizing the fitting functions of the Fourier series, was used to evaluate the temporal order in the column means. Eleven-year rhythms were found and compared with solar and geophysical variables. Correlations were found with sunspots and solar flares, with terrestrial measures of magnetic disturbances (the magnetic indices derived from the K-index), and with temperature. The correlation of conceptions with the 11-year solar cycle may be a potential guide in the selection of further variables for the control and regulation of the rhythms in human conceptions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01214384
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The solar wind and hallucinations - A possible relation due to magnetic disturbances (1991)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Bioelectromagnetics 12 (1991), S. 67-70 
    Details
    ISSN: 0197-8462
    Keywords: semiannual ; melatonin ; rhythms ; time series ; season ; seasonal disorders ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Occupational Health and Environmental Toxicology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Physics
    Notes: Data from the 19th century on hallucinations and magnetic disturbances were found to exhibit a direct and statistically significant correlation. The aa magnetic index over the period 1868-89 and concurrent visual hallucinatory activity were found to co-vary (Spearman coefficient = .64; P 〈 .05). Magnetic influences on the pineal hormone, melatonin, are suggested as a possible source of variation.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bem.2250120109
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  • 6
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    Photoperiod, temperature, and regional patterns of conceptions in the USA (1993)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 1993-03-01
    Print ISSN: 0020-7128
    Electronic ISSN: 1432-1254
    Topics: Geography , Physics
    Published by Springer
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  • 7
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    The solar wind and human birth rate: A possible relationship due to magnetic disturbances (1990)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 1990-01-01
    Print ISSN: 0020-7128
    Electronic ISSN: 1432-1254
    Topics: Geography , Physics
    Published by Springer
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  • 8
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    An eleven-year cycle in human births (1991)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 1991-01-01
    Print ISSN: 0020-7128
    Electronic ISSN: 1432-1254
    Topics: Geography , Physics
    Published by Springer
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  • 9
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    The 11-year cycle in human births (1993)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 1993-06-01
    Print ISSN: 0020-7128
    Electronic ISSN: 1432-1254
    Topics: Geography , Physics
    Published by Springer
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