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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Covered Purchasing Power Parity, Ex-ante PPP and Risk Aversion (1997)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    Journal of business finance & accounting 24 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-5957
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: The standard expectations augmented theory of ex-ante Purchasing Power Parity which was first developed by Roll assumes that agents are risk neutral. A Covered Purchasing Power Condition is developed which holds for the general case of risk aversion. A risk augmented form of ex-ante PPP is then derived using a consumption-based asset pricing framework. This is tested for the post-Bretton woods period for the group of seven main industrial countries. The results suggest that risk aversion has a part to play in explaining deviations from PPP.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-5957.00111
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis and Physicochemical Properties of Alternating .alpha.,.beta.-Oligodeoxyribonucleotides with Alternating (3'.fwdarw.3')- and (5'.fwdarw.5')-Internucleotidic Phosphodiester Linkages (1995)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    The @journal of organic chemistry 60 (1995), S. 1520-1530 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-6904
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jo00111a009
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A Check on Rational Drug Design: Crystal Structure of a Complex of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Protease with a Novel .gamma.-Turn Mimetic Inhibitor (1995)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of medicinal chemistry 38 (1995), S. 3246-3252 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-4804
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jm00017a008
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    MORBILLIVIRUS INFECTION IN TWO SPECIES OF PILOT WHALE (GLOBICEPHALA SP.) FROM THE WESTERN ATLANTIC (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Marine mammal science 11 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1748-7692
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: We report evidence of enzootic morbillivirus infection among long-finned, Globicephala melas, and short-finned, G. macrorhynchus, pilot whales in the western Atlantic. A retrospective serologic survey, using five morbilliviruses, was carried out on 99 G. melas from 14 stranding events between 1982 and 1993 and from 25 G. macrorhynchus stranded in 5 events between 1986 and 1994. A blood sample was also obtained from an adult G. melas by-caught in the western North Atlantic. Tissues were collected from 24 G. melas and 15 G. macrorhynchus for histology and immunoperoxidase staining. Neutralizing antibody titers were found in 92 (92%) of 100 G. melas and 16 (64%) of 25 G. macrorynchus, and titers were highest against cetacean morbilliviruses. Seroprevalence was similar between age classes and sexes. The earliest evidence of infection was in a G. melas that stranded in 1982. Stable antibody titers were observed in pilot whales under rehabilitation for up to eight months. Clinical disease consistent with morbillivirus pneumonia was detected in a G. melas calf. Immunoperoxidase staining confirmed that viral antigen was present in the lesions.We propose that enzootic infection in pilot whales is facilitated by population size, social structure, and migration patterns. Furthermore, through mixing with other odontocetes, pilot whales could act as vectors through the Atlantic. Clinical morbillivirus infection may precipitate mass strandings of highly social odontocetes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-7692.1995.tb00514.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Unions, employment risks, and market provision of employment risk differentials (1995)
    Springer
    Journal of risk and uncertainty 10 (1995), S. 57-70 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0476
    Keywords: unions ; wage risk ; hours risk ; compensating differentials
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Abstract The role of unions in providing compensating differentials for wage and hours risk is analyzed. Unions are shown to increase wages for workers in more risky jobs. A negative compensating differential for nonunion workers is taken as evidence of worker-specific, or supply-side risk. This component of risk is removed by controlling for union status, based on the belief that unionized firms will be more likely to filter out high-risk unproductive workers. Hours risk is compensated for in the labor market, while wage risk is not.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01211528
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Institutional Research: Knowledge, Skills, and Perceptions of Effectiveness (1997)
    Springer
    Research in higher education 38 (1997), S. 419-433 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-188X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Nature of Science, Research, Systems of Higher Education, Museum Science
    Notes: Abstract Terenzini (1993) approached the issue of institutional research effectiveness by articulating three tiers of organizational intelligence necessary for effective institutional researchers. Responses (n = 601) from a nationwide survey of AIR members provided for an empirical investigation based on this concept. The study examined the existence and acquisition of examples of institutional research knowledge and skills and how they relate to perceptions of effectiveness. Participants indicated that they were effective in their functions and reported that they possessed examples of the technical, issues, and (to a lesser extent) contextual knowledge and skills articulated by Terenzini. Multiple regression revealed the relationships between background characteristics, knowledge and skills in institutional research, and perceptions of effectiveness to be minimal, however. The authors conclude that an institutional researcher's effectiveness can perhaps only be adequately evaluated relative to institutional culture and expectations and leaders' personalities and orientation toward decision making.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1024910409653
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Discrimination in resolving systems. III: Pseudoephedrine-mandelic acid (1998)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chirality 10 (1998), S. 325-337 
    Details
    ISSN: 0899-0042
    Keywords: diastereomeric salts ; molecular recognition ; hydrogen bonding ; thermal analysis ; crystallography ; solubility ; Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: (+)-(1S;2S)-Pseudoephedrine and racemic mandelic acid form three distinct diastereomeric salts from solutions in 95% ethanol. The least-soluble phase, a hemihydrate, contains the (2R)-mandelate. A salt phase of intermediate solubility is the unsolvated double salt, containing both the (2R)- and the (2S)-mandelate. The most-soluble salt phase contains the (2S)-mandelate. Mandelate configuration and order of solubility (based on the heats of fusion) is inverted from that found in the same system synthesized from chiral base and acid, and then crystallized from benzene solution. The (2R)-mandelate hemihydrate (-H2O at 349.5K, mp 391K), monoclinic, P21, a = 6.788(5), b = 29.415(35), c = 9.488(10)Å, β = 108.91(8)°, Z = 4 (2 ion-pairs/asymmetric unit). Intermediate double salt (2S)- and (2R)-mandelate, mp 377.6K, anorthic, P1, a = 7.758(4), b = 9.966(5), c = 13.366(6)Å, α = 72.99(4), β = 79.98(4), γ = 70.51(4)°, Z = 1 (2 ion-pairs/asymmetric unit). The (2S)-mandelate (mp 386.2K), orthorhombic, P212121, a = 7.079(6), b = 13.443(10), c = 18.820(14)Å, Z = 4 is identical to a salt made from a combination of enantiomeric moieties from benzene solution. While differing from ephedrine mandelates in configuration at one center, solubilities of pseudoephedrine mandelates in 95% ethanol are much larger. A comparison of molecular structure (non-polar and H-bonding) regions of pseudoephedrine and ephedrine mandelates shows similarities and differences that are tentatively linked to crystal properties. This study reemphasizes the necessity for consistency in solvent use in resolution and in phase identification and comparison because the phases produced are frequently dependent upon the solvent. Chirality 10:325-337, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Increased energy expenditure due to increased territorial defense in male lizards after phenotypic manipulation (1995)
    Springer
    Behavioral ecology and sociobiology 37 (1995), S. 225-231 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0762
    Keywords: Testosterone ; Aggression ; Doubly labeled water ; Territoriality ; Metabolic rate
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Fitness tradeoffs are difficult to examine because many fitness variables are correlated and vary in the same direction. Phenotypic manipulation circumvents many of these difficulties, and here we used this technique to examine mechanisms for tradeoffs between increased aggression (territorial defense) and survivorship. The behavioral phenotype of male mountain spiny lizards (Sceloporus jarrovi) was manipulated with testosterone to increase territorial defense, a sexually selected trait. We previously demonstrated that increased territorial defense results in a decrease in survival caused by a lower ratio of energy intake to energy expenditure. Here we measured energy consumption of increased territorial aggression using the doubly labeled water technique in the field and compared males with and without testosterone implants (Fig. 1). In a supplementary study we measured standard metabolic rate using captive lizards given similar testosterone implants to examine if an increase in energy expenditure was a result of only an increase in standard metabolic rate (Fig. 3). Our results indicated that a primary contribution to tradeoffs between increased territorial defense and survivorship could be made by a 31% increase in energy expenditure in the field that is not due to an increase in standard metabolic rate.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00177401
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Population frequencies of alternative male phenotypes in tree lizards: geographic variation and common-garden rearing studies (1997)
    Springer
    Behavioral ecology and sociobiology 41 (1997), S. 371-380 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0762
    Keywords: Key words Alternative male reproductive tactics ; Color polymorphism ; Urosaurus ornatus ; Geographic variation ; Common-garden analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Tree lizards (Urosaurus ornatus) vary in throat fan (dewlap) color. Earlier, we described five dewlap types (Orange, Orange-Blue, Yellow, Yellow-Blue, and Blue), and reported that only males had blue in the dewlap and that presence or absence of a discrete blue patch was correlated with male alternative reproductive phenotypes in a central Arizona population. Here, with a modified scheme characterizing two dewlap elements, background color (orange, yellow, blue) and blue patch occurrence, we assessed: (1) sexual, annual, and geographic variation in the frequencies of dewlap elements; (2) simple habitat correlates; and (3) the effects of laboratory rearing regime on dewlap type. Within a population, frequencies of males and females expressing orange or yellow backgrounds did not differ, suggesting that control of background is similar in the sexes. Within several populations, frequencies of the dewlap elements did not differ across years (and probably generations), indicating that phenotype frequencies are relatively stable. Among five populations frequencies of background colors varied, as did frequencies of male types (blue patch present or absent). Dewlap frequencies did not correlate with habitat (boulders or mesquite trees), although few populations were sampled. In male and female offspring reared from eggs to sexual maturity in a common-garden laboratory study, background color frequencies in both sexes and blue patch frequencies in males differed among offspring from different populations. Offspring frequencies matched respective parental population frequencies. Results suggest that among-population variation in frequencies of the two dewlap elements are mediated by differences in genetics, in maternal effects, or both. Thus, differences in male behavior functionally linked to the blue patch also may be controlled by genetic or maternal effects.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002650050398
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Increased energy expenditure due to increased territorial defense in male lizards after phenotypic manipulation (1995)
    Springer
    Behavioral ecology and sociobiology 37 (1995), S. 225-231 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0762
    Keywords: Key words Testosterone ; Aggression ; Doubly labeled water ; Territoriality ; Metabolic rate
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Fitness tradeoffs are difficult to examine because many fitness variables are correlated and vary in the same direction. Phenotypic manipulation circumvents many of these difficulties, and here we used this technique to examine mechanisms for tradeoffs between increased aggression (territorial defense) and survivorship. The behavioral phenotype of male mountain spiny lizards (Sceloporus jarrovi) was manipulated with testosterone to increase territorial defense, a sexually selected trait. We previously demonstrated that increased territorial defense results in a decrease in survival caused by a lower ratio of energy intake to energy expenditure. Here we measured energy consumption of increased territorial aggression using the doubly labeled water technique in the field and compared males with and without testosterone implants (Fig. 1). In a supplementary study we measured standard metabolic rate using captive lizards given similar testosterone implants to examine if an increase in energy expenditure was a result of only an increase in standard metabolic rate (Fig. 3). Our results indicated that a primary contribution to tradeoffs between increased territorial defense and survivorship could be made by a 31% increase in energy expenditure in the field that is not due to an increase in standard metabolic rate.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002650050185
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