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  • 1995-1999  (93)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    COROTATING AND TRANSIENT SOLAR WIND FLOWS IN THREE DIMENSIONS (1996)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics 34 (1996), S. 35-73 
    Details
    ISSN: 0066-4146
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Two types of flows dominate the large-scale structure of the solar wind: corotating flows and transient disturbances. Corotating flows are associated with spatial variability in the coronal expansion and solar rotation, whereas transient disturbances are associated with episodic ejections of material into interplanetary space from coronal regions not previously participating in the solar wind expansion. Ulysses' recent epic journey over the poles of the Sun has provided new insights on the three-dimensional nature of both corotating flows and transient disturbances in the solar wind and their evolution with heliocentric distance and latitude. This paper provides a simple physical description of the origins and dynamics of both of these types of solar wind flows, highlighting new understanding gained from the unique Ulysses high-latitude observations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.astro.34.1.35
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reply (1995)
    Springer
    Solar physics 160 (1995), S. 57-60 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-093X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00679094
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Glossary (1999)
    Springer
    Space science reviews 89 (1999), S. 403-405 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9672
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005242717777
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Density and magnetic field fluctuations observed by ISEE 1–2 in the quiet magnetosheath (1995)
    Springer
    Annales geophysicae 13 (1995), S. 343-357 
    Details
    ISSN: 0992-7689
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract We analyse the fluctuations of the electron density and of the magnetic field in the Earth’s magnetosheath to identify the waves observed below the proton gyrofrequency. We consider two quiet magnetosheath crossings i.e. 2 days characterized by small-amplitude waves, for which the solar wind dynamic pressure was low. On 2 August 1978 the spacecraft were in the outer magnetosheath. We compare the properties of the observed narrow-band waves with those of the unstable linear wave modes calculated for an homogeneous plasma with Maxwellian electron and bi-Maxwellian (anisotropic) proton and alpha particle distributions. The Alfvén ion cyclotron (AIC) mode appears to be dominant in the data, but there are also density fluctuations nearly in phase with the magnetic fluctuations parallel to the magnetic field. Such a phase relation can be explained neither by the presence of a proton or helium AIC mode nor by the presence of a fast mode in a bi-Maxwellian plasma. We invoke the presence of the helium cut-off mode which is marginally stable in a bi-Maxwellian plasma with 〈alpha〉 particles: the observed phase relation could be due to a hybrid mode (proton AIC + helium cut-off) generated by a non-Maxwellian or a non-gyrotropic part of the ion distribution functions in the upstream magnetosheath. On 2 September 1981 the properties of the fluctuations observed in the middle of the magnetosheath can be explained by pure AIC waves generated by protons which have reached a bi-Maxwellian equilibrium. For a given wave mode, the phase difference between B\Vert and the density is sensitive to the shape of the ion and electron distribution functions: it can be a diagnosis tool for natural and simulated plasmas.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00585-995-0343-1
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Solar wind corotating stream interaction regions out of the ecliptic plane: Ulysses (1995)
    Springer
    Space science reviews 72 (1995), S. 99-104 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9672
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Ulysses plasma observations reveal that the forward shocks that commonly bound the leading edges of corotating interaction regions (CIRs) beyond ∼2 AU from the Sun at low heliographic latitudes nearly disappeared at a latitude of S26°. On the other hand, the reverse shocks that commonly bound the trailing edges of the CIRs were observed regularly up to S41.5°, but became weaker with increasing latitude. Only three CIR shocks have been observed poleward of S41.5°; all of these were weak reverse shocks. The above effects are a result of the forward waves propagating to lower heliographic latitudes and the reverse waves to higher latitudes with increasing heliocentric distance. These observational results are in excellent agreement with the predictions of a global model of solar wind flows that originate in a simple tilted-dipole geometry back at the Sun.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00768761
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Radial and meridional trends in solar wind thermal electron temperature and anisotropy: Ulysses (1995)
    Springer
    Space science reviews 72 (1995), S. 109-112 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9672
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Ulysses plasma measurement from 1.15 to 5.31 AU and from S6.4° to S48.3° solar latitude are used to assess the trends in the solar wind thermal electron temperature and anisotropy. Improved spacecraft potential corrections and data products have been incorporated. The radial temperature gradient is steeper than in previous determinations, but flatter than adiabatic. When normalized to 1 AU, temperature decrease with increasing latitude. Little change in the average thermal anisotropy has been seen during the mission.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00768763
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ulysses solar wind observations to 56° south (1995)
    Springer
    Space science reviews 72 (1995), S. 93-98 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9672
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract In the 25 months since Jupiter flyby, the Ulysses spacecraft has climbed southward to a heliolatitude of 56°. This transit has been marked by an evolution from slow, dense coronal streamer belt solar wind through two regions where the rotation of the Sun carried Ulysses back and forth between streamer belt and polar coronal hole flows, and finally into a region of essentially continuous fast, low density solar wind from the southern polar coronal hole. Throughout these large changes, the momentum flux normalized to 1 AU displays very little systematic variation. In addition, the bulk properties of the polar coronal hole solar wind are quite similar to those observed in high speed streams in the ecliptic plane at 1 AU. Coronal mass ejections and forward and reverse shocks associated with corotating interaction regions have also been observed at higher heliolatitudes, however they are seen less frequently with increasing southern heliolatitude. Ulysses has thus far collected data from 20° of nearly contiguous solar wind flows from the polar coronal hole. We examine these data for characteristic variations with heliolatitude and find that the bulk properties in general show very little systematic variation across the southern polar coronal hole so far.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00768760
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Coronal mass ejections at high heliographic latitudes: Ulysses (1995)
    Springer
    Space science reviews 72 (1995), S. 133-136 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9672
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Nine coronal mass ejections (CMEs) have been detected in the solar wind by the Ulysses plasma experiment between 31° and 61° South. One of these events, which was also a magnetic cloud, was directly associated with an event observed by the soft X-ray telescope on Yohkoh in which large magnetic loops formed in the solar corona directly beneath Ulysses. This association suggests that the flux rope topology of the magnetic cloud resulted from reconnection between the “legs” of neighboring magnetic loops within the rising CME. The average CME speed (∼740 km s−1) at these latitudes was comparable to that of the normal solar wind there and is much greater than average CME speeds observed either in the solar wind in the ecliptic plane or in the corona close to the Sun. We suggest that the same basic acceleration process applies to both slow CMEs and the normal solar wind at any latitude.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00768769
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reconnection on open field lines ahead of coronal mass ejections (1995)
    Springer
    Space science reviews 72 (1995), S. 129-132 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9672
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Plasma and magnetic field signatures from 29 November 1990 indicate that the Ulysses spacecraft passed through a series of interplanetary structures that were most likely formed by magnetic reconnection on open field lines ahead of a coronal mass ejection (CME). This reconnection changed the magnetic topology of the upstream region by converting normal open interplanetary magnetic field into a pair of regions: one magnetically disconnected from the Sun and the other, a tongue, connected back to the Sun at both ends. This process provides a new method for producing both heat flux dropouts and counterstreaming suprathermal electron signatures in interplanetary space. In this paper we expand upon the 29 November case study and argue that reconnection ahead of CMEs should be less common at high heliolatitudes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00768768
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ulysses observations of solar wind plasma parameters in the ecliptic from 1.4 to 5.4 AU and out of the ecliptic (1995)
    Springer
    Space science reviews 72 (1995), S. 113-116 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9672
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract We report observations of radial and latitudinal gradients of Ulysses plasma parameters. The solar wind velocity increased rapidly with latitude from 0° to 35°, then remained approximately constant at higher latitudes. Solar wind density decreased rapidly from 0° to 35° of latitude, and also was approximately constant beyond that latitude. The mass flux similarly decreased away from the equator (but less than the density), whereas the momentum flux was relatively constant. The radial gradient of the entropy at high latitude indicated a value for the polytrope index of about 1.72 (close to adiabatic); the in-ecliptic estimates of radial gradients for temperature and entropy may be biased by temporal variation. A striking increase in the alpha particle-proton velocity difference with latitude is found.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00768764
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