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  • 1995-1999  (66)
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  • 1
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    Functional significance of symmetrical versus asymmetrical GroEL-GroES chaperonin complexes (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-08-11
    Description: The Escherichia coli chaperonin GroEL and its regulator GroES are thought to mediate adenosine triphosphate-dependent protein folding as an asymmetrical complex, with substrate protein bound within the GroEL cylinder. In contrast, a symmetrical complex formed between one GroEL and two GroES oligomers, with substrate protein binding to the outer surface of GroEL, was recently proposed to be the functional chaperonin unit. Electron microscopic and biochemical analyses have now shown that unphysiologically high magnesium concentrations and increased pH are required to assemble symmetrical complexes, the formation of which precludes the association of unfolded polypeptide. Thus, the functional significance of GroEL:(GroES)2 particles remains to be demonstrated.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Engel, A -- Hayer-Hartl, M K -- Goldie, K N -- Pfeifer, G -- Hegerl, R -- Muller, S -- da Silva, A C -- Baumeister, W -- Hartl, F U -- GM 50908/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Aug 11;269(5225):832-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Maurice E. Muller Institute, Biozentrum, University of Basel, Switzerland.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7638600" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenosine Triphosphate/pharmacology ; Adenylyl Imidodiphosphate/pharmacology ; Chaperonin 10/chemistry/*metabolism/ultrastructure ; Chaperonin 60/chemistry/*metabolism/ultrastructure ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Magnesium/pharmacology ; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning Transmission ; Protein Folding
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    Native Escherichia coli OmpF porin surfaces probed by atomic force microscopy (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-04-07
    Description: Topographs of two-dimensional porin OmpF crystals reconstituted in the presence of lipids were recorded in solution by atomic force microscopy (AFM) to a lateral resolution of 10 angstroms and a vertical resolution of 1 angstrom. Protein-protein interactions were demonstrated on the basis of the AFM results and earlier crystallographic findings. To assess protein-lipid interactions, the bilayer was modeled with kinked lipids by fitting the head groups to contours determined with AFM. Finally, two conformations of the extracellular porin surface were detected at forces of 0.1 nanonewton, demonstrating the potential of AFM to monitor conformational changes with high resolution.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Schabert, F A -- Henn, C -- Engel, A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Apr 7;268(5207):92-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Maurice E. Muller Institute for Microscopic Structural Biology, Universitat Basel, Switzerland.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7701347" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Crystallography, X-Ray ; Escherichia coli/*chemistry ; Lipid Bilayers/chemistry ; Microscopy, Atomic Force ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Conformation ; Porins/chemistry/*ultrastructure ; Protein Conformation
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Investigations on the transition between column and micropinch mode of plasma focus operation (1995)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 78 (1995), S. 6414-6420 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: X-ray emission from pinch plasma devices with pinch currents ranging from 200 to 400 kA operated with pure high-Z gases are investigated with temporal spatial and spectral resolution. If operated using elements Z〈18 (e.g., nitrogen or neon) K-shell emission is observed from column-like volumes several 100 μm in diameter and several mm in length (bulk or column mode). For Z(approximately-greater-than)18 (e.g., krypton or xenon) emission with hν(approximately-greater-than)1 keV is only observed from micropinches. For argon (Z=18) both modes of operation can be observed. The occurrence of a specific mode depends on the initial gas pressure. In this paper the transition regime between column and micropinches is investigated with particular regard to argon. A criterion is proposed to decide whether column mode or micropinch mode is expected. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.360524
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cloning and functional expression of the d-β-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase gene of Rhodobacter sp. DSMZ 12077 (1999)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 52 (1999), S. 666-669 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract Nucleotide sequence and biochemical analysis of d-β-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.30), isolated from Rhodobacter sp., indicate functional oligomers composed of subunits of 257 amino acids with a calculated M r of 26,800 and a pI of 5.90. Compared to mammalian short-chain alcohol dehydrogenases, the bacterial enzyme lacks a C-terminal lipid anchor domain and was found to be highly active upon expression in Escherichia coli even without lipid supplement. The recombinant enzyme could be highly enriched using a single chromatography step and was shown to be stable over a broad range of pH and temperature.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002530051576
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pinch plasmas as intense EUV sources for laboratory applications (1996)
    Springer
    Optical and quantum electronics 28 (1996), S. 241-259 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-817X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Compact pinch plasma devices are intense sources of pulsed EUV radiation with output energies of several joules per pulse in single lines. Their spectrum peaks in a wavelength range where conventional x-ray tubes provide poor intensity. With correct optimization, both continuous radiation or line radiation with λ/Δλ 〉 1000 can be produced for broadband and narrowband applications, respectively. Because of their low cost and their compact size, pinch plasmas seem well suited to supplement research activities based on synchrotron radiation. In this paper, pinch plasma sources developed for x-ray lithography and x-ray microscopy are described. Their emission characteristics are optimized with regard to specific requirements given by the particular application and are compared to laser produced plasmas. The lithography source is compatible with the electron storage ring printing process with respect to its spectrum and enables full-depth exposures in 1-μm-thick 60 mJ cm-2 sensitivity resist at resolution below 0.2 μm within 10 minutes. The source for microscopy applications enables flash imaging of biological specimens with suboptical resolution (0.1–0.2 μm) at nanosecond exposure times. In addition, the averaged plasma parameters meet the requirements for an EUV laser medium. The nitrogen 2–3 transition is especially promising for achieving amplified spontaneous emission of hydrogen-like or helium-like ions excited by three-body or charge exchange recombination.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00385856
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An Investigation of CIO Photchemistry in the Chemically Perturbed Arctic Vortex (1999)
    Springer
    Journal of atmospheric chemistry 32 (1999), S. 61-81 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0662
    Keywords: chlorine monoxide ; photochemistry ; modeling ; partitioning
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract A new lightweight in situ instrument designed to measure ClO was flown on a balloon launched into the arctic vortex at dawn on February 3, 1995 at Kiruna, Sweden during the Second European Stratospheric Arctic and Mid-latitude Experiment (SESAME), together with instruments to measure ozone and long-lived tracers. Observations on ascent and descent at different solar zenith angles are compared to results from Lagrangian and box model calculations that assume the airmasses at similar potential temperatures had comparable photochemical histories. Between 20 and 22 km, in a region where ClO was significantly enhanced, a model constrained by currently recommended rate parameters significantly underestimates the abundances of ClO that were observed on ascent at high solar zenith angles, whereas the agreement is much better if a smaller ClO-Cl2O2 equilibrium constant, one inferred from previous ER-2 aircraft observations of ClO in the Arctic during nighttime, is assumed. On ascent, ClO is additionally enhanced in a narrow region between 20 and 21 km. We believe the most plausible explanation for this feature is rapid photolysis of OClO produced by the slow bimolecular reaction ClO + ClO over the 48 hours prior to the observations when the airmass was warmed to 225 K by adiabatic compression while in polar darkness. These results suggest that under special circumstances, OClO can be produced by a reaction other than one involving BrO, and, hence, OClO is not necessarily a universal proxy for BrO abundances in the perturbed polar vortex.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006136712267
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Production of eta-mesons in collisions of nucleons and delta-resonances (1995)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 353 (1995), S. 333-339 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-601X
    Keywords: 13.60
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract We calculate the cross section for the production ofη-mesons viaΔN → NNη in a relativistic One-Boson-Exchange-Model. Using this cross section we then determine the probability for the production of anη-meson by aΔ-resonance moving in nuclear matter. The result is compared to prescriptions in BUU-calculations in whichη-production proceeds both through a direct channel and through the sequential processΔ → Nπ;πN → Nη.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01292339
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pion and eta photoproduction in nuclei (1995)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 352 (1995), S. 223-230 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-601X
    Keywords: 25.20
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract We calculate the quasifree photoproduction of pions and eta mesons on nuclei from12C to208Pb. Assuming that for the quasifree process the cross sections forπ/η photoproduction on a nucleon in medium are — besides a lowering due to Pauli blocking — identical to those on a free nucleon, we use these as an input. The produced mesons or resonances then propagate through the nucleus where they can undergo several scattering and absorption processes. This final state interaction, which leads to a lowering of the initial meson yield up to 70%, we simulate in a coupled channel Boltzmann-Uehling-Uhlenbeck transport model. It allows us to study in detail the influence of Fermi motion, Pauli blocking and of the additional decay channels for nucleon resonances in medium on the photoproduction cross section. The calculated total and differential cross sections are compared to experimental data and the influence of the different medium effects on the cross sections is discussed in detail.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01298912
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fingering instability in a water-sand mixture (1998)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 4 (1998), S. 475-484 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-6036
    Keywords: PACS. 47.54.+r Pattern selection; pattern formation - 47.55.Kf Multiphase and particle-laden flows - 68.10.-m Fluid surfaces and fluid-fluid interfaces
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract: The temporal evolution of a water-sand interface driven by gravity is experimentally investigated. By means of a Fourier analysis of the evolving interface the growth rates are determined for the different modes appearing in the developing front. To model the observed behavior we apply the idea of the Rayleigh-Taylor instability for two stratified fluids. Carrying out a linear stability analysis we calculate the growth rates from the corresponding dispersion relations for finite and infinite cell sizes. Based on the theoretical results the viscosity of the suspension is estimated to be approximately 100 times higher than that of pure water, in agreement with other experimental findings.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s100510050405
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  • 10
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    Synchronization of oscillatory responses in visual cortex correlates with perception in interocular rivalry (1997)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 1997-11-11
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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